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Inflammation is a known mechanism that facilitates HIV acquisition and the spread of infection. In this study, we evaluated whether curcumin, a potent and safe anti-inflammatory compound, could be used to abrogate inflammatory processes that facilitate HIV-1 acquisition in the female genital tract (FGT) and contribute to HIV amplification. Primary, human genital epithelial cells (GECs) were pretreated with curcumin and exposed to HIV-1 or HIV glycoprotein 120 (gp120), both of which have been shown to disrupt epithelial tight junction proteins, including ZO-1 and occludin. Pre-treatment with curcumin prevented disruption of the mucosal barrier by maintaining ZO-1 and occludin expression and maintained trans-epithelial electric resistance across the genital epithelium. Curcumin pre-treatment also abrogated the gp120-mediated upregulation of the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin (IL)-6, which mediate barrier disruption, as well as the chemokines IL-8, RANTES and interferon gamma-induced protein-10 (IP-10), which are capable of recruiting HIV target cells to the FGT. GECs treated with curcumin and exposed to the sexually transmitted co-infecting microbes HSV-1, HSV-2 and Neisseria gonorrhoeae were unable to elicit innate inflammatory responses that indirectly induced activation of the HIV promoter and curcumin blocked Toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated induction of HIV replication in chronically infected T-cells. Finally, curcumin treatment resulted in significantly decreased HIV-1 and HSV-2 replication in chronically infected T-cells and primary GECs, respectively. All together, our results suggest that the use of anti-inflammatory compounds such as curcumin may offer a viable alternative for the prevention and/or control of HIV replication in the FGT. 相似文献
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Shikha Verma Anamika Sharma Raj Kumar Charanjit Kaur Anju Arora Raghubir Shah Lata Nain 《Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences》2015,22(3):256-264
Nutrient management practices play a significant role in improving the nutritional quality of tomato. The present study deals with the evaluation of compost prepared using Effective Microorganisms (EM), on antioxidant and defense enzyme activities of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum). A field experiment with five treatments (control, chemical fertilizer and EM compost alone and in combination) was conducted in randomized block design. An increment of 31.83% in tomato yield was recorded with the combined use of EM compost and half recommended dose of chemical fertilizers (N50P30K25 + EM compost at the rate of 5 t ha−1). Similarly, fruit quality was improved in terms of lycopene content (35.52%), antioxidant activity (24–63%) and defense enzymes activity (11–54%), in tomatoes in this treatment as compared to the application of recommended dose of fertilizers. Soil microbiological parameters also exhibited an increase of 7–31% in the enzyme activities in this treatment. Significant correlation among fruit quality parameters with soil microbiological activities reveals the positive impact of EM compost which may be adopted as an eco-friendly strategy for production of high quality edible products. 相似文献
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Fernanda Fortes de Araujo Rana Nagarkatti Charu Gupta Ana Paula Marino Alain Debrabant 《PLoS neglected tropical diseases》2015,9(1)
Drug discovery initiatives, aimed at Chagas treatment, have been hampered by the lack of standardized drug screening protocols and the absence of simple pre-clinical assays to evaluate treatment efficacy in animal models. In this study, we used a simple Enzyme Linked Aptamer (ELA) assay to detect T. cruzi biomarker in blood and validate murine drug discovery models of Chagas disease. In two mice models, Apt-29 ELA assay demonstrated that biomarker levels were significantly higher in the infected group compared to the control group, and upon Benznidazole treatment, their levels reduced. However, biomarker levels in the infected treated group did not reduce to those seen in the non-infected treated group, with 100% of the mice above the assay cutoff, suggesting that parasitemia was reduced but cure was not achieved. The ELA assay was capable of detecting circulating biomarkers in mice infected with various strains of T. cruzi parasites. Our results showed that the ELA assay could detect residual parasitemia in treated mice by providing an overall picture of the infection in the host. They suggest that the ELA assay can be used in drug discovery applications to assess treatment efficacy in-vivo. 相似文献
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Rita M. Moraes Hemant Lata Joko Sumyanto Ana M. S. Pereira Bianca W. Bertoni Vaishali C. Joshi Nirmal D. Pugh Ikhlas A. Khan David S. Pasco 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2011,106(2):309-315
Tissue culture techniques have been used to establish and maintain a repository of medicinal Echinacea. In vitro clones obtained from hypocotyls of germinated seeds, varied macroscopically, microscopically and exhibited variation
in immune enhancing activity. Two in vitro produced clones of Echinacea tennesseensis (Beadle) Small (ETN 03 and ETN 11) were identified as high and low activity based on the activation of human monocytes. Phenotypic
analyses of ETN 03 and ETN 11 clones were done using AFLP (Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism) assay. Results of the AFLP
assay revealed that no mutation has occurred during in vitro multiplication, storage, and acclimatization into soil. Plants
of ETN 03, ETN 11 clones were cultivated for two growing seasons. Extracts of their dry leaves and roots exhibited immune
enhancing activity; however, the variation in activity noticed between clones during micropropagation diminished and was no
longer statistically relevant. 相似文献
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Yadav Charu Srikantiah Rukmini Mysore Manjrekar Poornima Shenoy Mamatha T. Chaudhury Debajit 《Biological trace element research》2020,195(2):366-372
Biological Trace Element Research - Chronic non-healing diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) with a recurrence rate of over 50% in 3 years account for more than 1,08000 non-traumatic lower extremity... 相似文献
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Prejwltta Maurya Preeti Sharma Lalit Mohan Lata Batabyal C.N. Srivastava 《Journal of Asia》2009,12(2):113-115
The larvicidal effect of the crude carbon tetrachloride, methanol and petroleum ether leaf extracts of a widely grown medicinal plant, Ocimum basilicum, against Anopheles stephensi and Culex quinquefasciatus was evaluated. Petroleum ether extract was found to be the most effective against the larvae of both mosquitoes, with LC50 values of 8.29, 4.57; 87.68, 47.25 ppm and LC90 values of 10.06, 6.06; 129.32, 65.58 ppm against A. stephensi and C. quinquefasciatus being observed after 24 and 48 h of treatment, respectively. The efficacy of petroleum ether was followed by that of the carbon tetrachloride and methanol extracts, which had LC50 values of 268.61, 143.85; 446.61, 384.84 ppm and LC90 values of 641.23, 507.80; 923.60, 887.00 ppm against A. stephensi after 24 and 48 h, respectively, and LC50 values of 24.14, 17.02; 63.48, 53.77 ppm and LC90 values of 295.38, 204.23; 689.71, 388.87 ppm against C. quinquefasciatus after 24 and 48 h of treatment, respectively. These extracts are highly toxic against mosquito larvae from a range of species; therefore, they may be useful for the management of mosquito larvae to control vector borne diseases. 相似文献