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1.
Irie Vroh-Bi Chinyere Anagbogu Sandra Nnadi Abdou Tenkouano 《Plant Molecular Biology Reporter》2011,29(2):440-448
Unexpected variations can occur during natural and in vitro propagation of bananas (banana and plantain) to generate off-types.
The molecular basis of such variations is not well-understood. This study aimed to characterize the functions of genomic regions
varying within clones grown naturally or in vitro. Fifty-four simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and six primer combinations
of EcoR I/Msp I-amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) were used to analyze accessions of the AA, BB, AB, AAA, AAB, and ABB groups
of Musa, and polymorphic regions were sequenced to characterize candidate genes. One SSR locus with significant similarity to an
arcelin gene revealed a deletion in a subculture regenerant. In AFLP analysis, 24 (6.15%) of 390 bands accounted for within-clone
variations, with 0.5% and 5.65% occurring in natural and in vitro propagated plants, respectively. Sequence homology searches
revealed that most polymorphic regions were related to cytochrome P450, cell-wall biosynthesis, and senescence genes. The
importance of these candidate genes is discussed. The plants harboring the variations were field-established to relate molecular
variations to phenotypic changes. Sixteen of the sequences registered in Genbank (ET165586 to ET165601) and select PCR primers
from this study can be further tested for variations between normal clones and off-types in Musa. 相似文献
2.
Four different markers [random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR), amplified fragment length
polymorphism (AFLP), and selective amplified microsatellite polymorphism length (SAMPL)] were applied for evaluating somaclonal
variation of micropropagated genotypes of stone pine (Pinus pinea L.). The total number of primers tested was 130, with 223 combinations assayed. A high number of them amplified successfully
(178), representing 79.82 % of the total, and the average number of amplified fragments ranged from 2.47 (ISSR) to 65.76 (SAMPL).
Based on internal controls, no problem of reproducibility was detected. Almost no somaclonal variation was detected within
the clones. Of the tested markers, ISSR, AFLP, and SAMPL showed monomorphic amplification profiles, with only RAPD markers
showing some interclonal variation. 相似文献
3.
Futoshi Okada Masuo Hosokawa Junji Hasegawa Makoto Ishikawa Itsuo Chiba Yayoi Nakamura Hiroshi Kobayashi 《Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII》1990,31(6):358-364
Summary We have previously reported that both regressor (QR) and progressor (metastatic, QP) clones were obtained after the in vitro exposure of a mouse fibrosarcoma BMT-11 cl-9 to quercetin [17]. In this study, we investigated possible mechanisms of spontaneous regression of QR clones as compared with tumorigenic QP and BMT-11 cl-9 tumor clones. We observed that BMT-11 cl-9 cells produced relatively high amounts of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) during in vitro culture. The average production by 11 subclones of BMT-11 cl-9 cells was 9236±2829 pg/ml whereas that by 9 QR clones was 3411±2213 pg/ml (P <0.02). Indomethacin not only inhibited in vitro PGE2 synthesis by QP clones (high-PGE2 producers) but also the s.c. growth of QP clones in mice. Chronological changes in host immune responses to tumor-associated antigen were measured by cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity examined after mixed lymphocyte/tumor cell culture of spleen cells obtained from tumor-bearing mice. The CTL activity disappeared abruptly in the spleen of QP-clonebearing mice 21 days after the inoculation of tumors, whereas the spleen cells of QR-clone-inoculated mice retained their CTL activity. We determined that the mechanism responsible for the regression of these regressor clones is not due to any qualitative or quantitative increase in pre-existing membrane antigens, nor the emergence of new antigen(s) on the cell surface of the QR clones; nor was it due to enhanced susceptibility of QR clones to natural killer cells, lymphokine-activated killer cells and macrophages. These finding suggest that the regression mechanism of QR clones may be the diminished inhibition of host response to tumor-associated antigen caused by the reduced production of PGE2 by QR clones. 相似文献
4.
A. Acquadro M. A. Papanice S. Lanteri G. Bottalico E. Portis A. Campanale M. M. Finetti-Sialer T. Mascia P. Sumerano D. Gallitelli 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2010,100(3):329-337
Most of the 24 viruses which infect globe artichoke are detrimental to the crop’s performance and hamper the development of
a nursery activity in the respect of current EU legislation. We describe a procedure to sanitize globe artichoke “Brindisino”
from Artichoke Italian latent virus (AILV) and Artichoke latent virus (ArLV), while preserving its valuable early flowering trait. ArLV was successfully eliminated by meristem-tip culture, while
AILV was removed when two rounds of meristem-tip culture were spaced out with in vitro thermotherapy. In vivo thermotherapy,
followed by meristem-tip culture, was also successful in producing virus-free material but was less efficient in terms of
the number of plants recovered post treatment. Due to the multi-clonal composition of the populations at present in cultivation,
the selected and sanitised clones were fingerprinted by applying microsatellite and AFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphism)
markers. One AFLP primer combination produced 28 informative fragments used to evaluate genetic relatedness among the clones
in study. Our results demonstrates that AFLP-based molecular fingerprinting enables to verify the true to clone correspondence
in nurseries, ensure the effective correspondence between the real and the declared identity of a clone, so that to avoid
commercial frauds, and might represents a valuable tool for assessing somaclonal variation occuring during ‘in vitro’ propagation. 相似文献
5.
Diversity and genetic differentiation among populations of Indian and Kenyan tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) revealed by AFLP markers 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
S. Paul F. N. Wachira W. Powell R. Waugh 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1997,94(2):255-263
AFLP markers were successfully employed to detect diversity and genetic differentiation among Indian and Kenyan populations
of tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze). Shannon's index of diversity was used to partition the total phenotypic variation into between and within
population components. On average, most of the diversity was detected within populations, with 79% of the variation being
within and 21% being between populations of Indian and Kenyan tea. A dendrogram constructed on the basis of band sharing distinctly
separated the three populations of tea into China type (sinensis), Assam type (assamica) and Cambod type (assamica ssp. lasiocalyx) in a manner consistent with the present taxonomy of tea, the known pedigree of some of the genotypes and their geographical
origin. Principal coordinate (PCO) analysis grouped Assam genotypes both from India and Kenya supporting the suggestion that
the Kenyan clones have been derived from collections made in this region. The China types were more dispersed on the PCO plot
which is a reflection of wider genetic variation. As would be expected, clones collected from the same region exhibited less
overall genetic variation. AFLP analysis discriminated all of the tested genotypes from India and Kenya, even those which
cannot be distinguished on the basis of morphological and phenotypic traits.
Received: 2 May 1996 / Accepted: 14 June 1996 相似文献
6.
Tilman J. Alpermann Urban Tillmann Bánk Beszteri Allan D. Cembella Uwe John 《Journal of phycology》2010,46(1):18-32
Multiple clonal isolates from a geographic population of Alexandrium tamarense (M. Lebour) Balech from the North Sea exhibited high genotypic and phenotypic variation. Genetic heterogeneity was such that no clonal lineage was repeatedly sampled according to genotypic markers specified by amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and microsatellites. Subsampling of genotypic data from both markers showed that ordination of individuals by pair‐wise genetic dissimilarity indices was more reliable by AFLP (482 biallelic loci) than by microsatellites (18 loci). However, resulting patterns of pair‐wise genetic similarities from both markers were significantly correlated (Mantel test P < 0.005). The composition of neurotoxins associated with paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) was also highly diverse among these isolates and allowed clustering of toxin phenotypes based on prevalence of individual toxins. Correlation analysis of pair‐wise relatedness of individual clones according to PSP‐toxin profiles and both genotypic characters failed to yield close associations. The expression of allelochemical properties against the cryptophyte Rhodomonas salina (Wis?ouch) D. R. A. Hill et Wetherbee and the predatory dinoflagellate Oxyrrhis marina Dujard. manifested population‐wide variation of responses in the target species, from no visible effect to complete lysis of target cells. Whereas the high genotypic variation indicates high potential for adaptability of the population, we interpret the wide phenotypic variation as evidence for lack of strong selective pressure on respective phenotypic traits at the time the population was sampled. Population markers as applied here may elucidate the ecological significance of respective traits when followed under variable environmental conditions, thereby revealing how variation is maintained within populations. 相似文献
7.
Ulrike C. M. Anhalt Sara Crespo Mart��nez Ernst R��hl Astrid Forneck 《Tree Genetics & Genomes》2011,7(4):739-746
Grapevine cultivars are planted in worldwide viticulture and are asexually propagated. Horticultural clones are asexually
derived from a single individual, and clonal variation can only occur through mutations. Molecular markers are an important
tool for the differentiation and identification of clones and mutations. For breeding purposes and clonal selection, knowledge
upon the variability of a given clone is essential. The aim of this study was to assess amplified fragment length polymorphism
(AFLP) markers for classifying mutations in 86 Riesling clones of Vitis vinifera and to enhance our understanding on the dynamic of grapevine clones analysed by AFLP fingerprints. AFLP markers detected
135 polymorphic bands of a total amount of 305 bands. AFLP markers detected two different types of mutations: single-event
mutations, only detected once in one clone, displaying the variation of the grape genome and specific loci mutations where
the mutation could be found frequently in the set of clones and therefore stand for the stability of grapevine genome. A general
grouping of clones according to age, sub-clonal lineage or origin could not be determined by the set of AFLP markers employed. 相似文献
8.
Michael J. Muhitch 《Physiologia plantarum》1998,104(3):423-430
A conspicuous endogenous maize (Zea mays L.) β-glucuronidase (GUS) activity was observed in histochemical assays of non-transformed maize kernels, confounding the use of Escherichia coli gusA as a reporter gene. Appearance of the endogenous activity was developmentally dependent and highly tissue-specific, being localized to the upper pedicel (basal maternal kernel) tissues where the black layer forms in the latter stages of kernel development. Pedicel homogenates exhibited GUS activity using either p-nitrophenyl-β-D -glucuronide or 4-methylumbelliferyl-β-D -glucuronide (MUG) as substrates. Pedicel GUS was apparently not the result of endophyte contamination of enzyme isolates since no endophytes could be cultured. The MUG-based activity had a pH optimum of 4 to 5 and was separable into two isoforms by anion exchange chromatography with Km values for MUG of 2.2 and 2.7 µM for the early- and late-eluting forms, respectively. The pedicel GUS isoforms had very similar characteristics: native Mr of approximately 32000, stimulation by assay at 60°C, inhibition at high ionic strength or in the presence of EDTA and relative insensitivity to the E. coli GUS inhibitor saccharic acid-1,4-lactone. Only the early-eluting form, however, was capable of hydrolyzing the histocbemical GUS substrate 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indoyl-β-D -glucuronide. Neither isoform exhibited antifungal activity against Fusarium moniliforme. In contrast to the in vitro activity, pedicel endogenous GUS measured histochemically was completely inhibited by saccharic acid-1,4-lactone, unaffected by EDTA and greatly decreased by incubation at elevated assay temperature. A modification of the standard histochemical GUS assay allowed complete suppression of endogenous GUS activity while enhancing E. coli-derived GUS activity in kernels transiently expressing the gusA gene. Possible roles of these endogenous GUS activities within the black layer region of the kernel pedicel are proposed. 相似文献
9.
The stability, both genetic and phenotypic, of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivar Desiree plants derived from alternative propagation methodologies has been compared. Plants obtained through
three clonal propagation routes—axillary-bud-proliferation, microtuberisation and a novel somatic embryogenesis system, and
through true potato seeds (TPS) produced by selfing were evaluated at three levels: gross phenotype and minituber yield, changes
in ploidy (measured by flow cytometry) and by molecular marker analysis [measured using AFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphism)].
The clonally propagated plants exhibited no phenotypic variation while the TPS-derived plants showed obvious phenotypic segregation.
Significant differences were observed with respect to minituber yield while average plant height, at the time of harvesting,
was not significantly different among plants propagated through four different routes. None of the plant types varied with
respect to gross genome constitution as assessed by flow cytometry. However, a very low level of AFLP marker profile variation
was seen amongst the somatic embryo (3 out of 451 bands) and microtuber (2 out of 451 bands) derived plants. Intriguingly,
only AFLP markers generated using methylation sensitive restriction enzymes were found to show polymorphism. No polymorphism
was observed in plants regenerated through axillary-bud-proliferation. The low level of molecular variation observed could
be significant on a genome-wide scale, and is discussed in the context of possible methylation changes occurring during the
process of somatic embryogenesis. 相似文献
10.
Aixia Xu Zhen Huang Chaozhi Ma Enshi Xiao Guangwen Tian Xiusen Zhang Jinxing Tu Tingdong Fu Gaisheng Zhang 《Molecular breeding : new strategies in plant improvement》2010,25(1):57-65
Seed color inheritance in Brassica juncea was studied in F1, F2 and BC1 populations. Seed color was found under the control of the maternal genotype, and the brown-seeded trait was dominant over
the yellow-seeded trait. Segregation analysis revealed that one pair of major genes controlled the seed coat color. To develop
markers linked to the seed color gene, AFLP (amplified fragments length polymorphism) combined with BSA (bulk segregant analysis)
technology was used to screen the parents and bulks selected randomly from an F2 population (Wuqi yellow mustard × Wugong mustard) consisting of 346 individuals. From a survey of 512 AFLP primer combinations,
15 AFLP markers located on either side of the gene were identified, and the average distance between markers was 2.59 cM.
P11MG15 was a cosegregated marker, and the closest markers (P03MC08, P16MC02 and P11MG01) were at a distance of 0.3, 0.3 and
0.7 cM from the target gene, respectively. In order to utilize the markers for breeding of yellow-seeded varieties, four AFLP
markers, P11MG01, P15MG15, P09MC12 and P16MC02 were successfully converted into SCAR (sequence characterized amplified region)
markers. The seed color trait controlled by the single gene together with the available molecular markers will greatly facilitate
the future breeding of yellow-seeded varieties. The markers found in the present study could accelerate the step of map-based
cloning of the target gene. 相似文献
11.
Sabharwal V Negi MS Banga SS Lakshmikumaran M 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2004,109(1):160-166
Association mapping of the seed-coat colour with amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers was carried out in 39 Brassica juncea lines. The lines had genetically diverse parentages and varied for seed-coat colour and other morphological characters. Eleven AFLP primer combinations were used to screen the 39 B. juncea lines, and a total of 335 polymorphic bands were detected. The bands were analysed for association with seed-coat colour using multiple regression analysis. This analysis revealed 15 markers associated with seed-coat colour, obtained with eight AFLP primer combinations. The marker E-ACA/M-CTG350 explained 69% of the variation in seed-coat colour. This marker along with markers E-AAC/M-CTC235 and E-AAC/M-CTA250 explained 89% of the total variation. The 15 associated markers were validated for linkage with the seed-coat colour loci using a recombinant inbred line (RIL) mapping population. Bands were amplified with the eight AFLP primer combinations in 54 RIL progenies. Of the 15 associated markers, 11 mapped on two linkage groups. Eight markers were placed on linkage group 1 at a marker density of 6.0 cM, while the remaining three were mapped on linkage group 2 at a marker density of 3.6 cM. Marker E-ACA/M-CTG350 co-segregated with Gene1 controlling seed-coat colour; it was specific for yellow seed-coat colour and mapped to linkage group 1. Marker E-AAC/M-CTC235 (AFLP8), which had been studied previously, was present on linkage group 2; it was specific for brown seed-coat colour. Since AFLP markers are not adapted for large-scale applications in plant breeding, it is important to convert these to sequence-characterised amplified region (SCAR) markers. Marker E-AAC/M-CTC235 (AFLP8) had been previously converted into a SCAR. Work is in progress to convert the second of the linked markers, E-ACA/M-CTG350, to a SCAR. The two linked AFLP markers converted to SCARs will be useful for developing yellow-seeded B. juncea lines by means of marker-assisted selection.Communicated by H.F. Linskens 相似文献
12.
Hughes SL Hunter PJ Sharpe AG Kearsey MJ Lydiate DJ Walsh JA 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2003,107(7):1169-1173
A new source of resistance to the pathotype 4 isolate of Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) CDN 1 has been identified in Brassica napus (oilseed rape). Analysis of segregation of resistance to TuMV isolate CDN 1 in a backcross generation following a cross between a resistant and a susceptible B. napus line showed that the resistance was dominant and monogenic. Molecular markers linked to this dominant resistance were identified using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and microsatellite bulk segregant analysis. Bulks consisted of individuals from a BC1 population with the resistant or the susceptible phenotype following challenge with CDN 1. One AFLP and six microsatellite markers were associated with the resistance locus, named TuRB03, and these mapped to the same region on chromosome N6 as a previously mapped TuMV resistance gene TuRB01. Further testing of TuRB03 with other TuMV isolates showed that it was not effective against all pathotype 4 isolates. It was effective against some, but not all pathotype 3 isolates tested. It provided further resolution of TuMV pathotypes by sub-dividing pathotypes 3 and 4. TuRB03 also provides a new source of resistance for combining with other resistances in our attempts to generate durable resistance to this virus. 相似文献
13.
Megahed H. Ammar Salem S. Alghamdi Hussein M. Migdadi Muhammad A. Khan Ehab H. El-Harty Sulieman A. Al-Faifi 《Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences》2015,22(3):340-350
Forty faba bean (Vicia faba L.) genotypes were evaluated for their agro-morphological performance and molecular diversity under Central Region of Saudi Arabia conditions during 2010–11 and 2011–12 seasons. Field performance results showed that faba genotypes exhibited a significant amount of variation for their agro-morphological studied parameters. Giza40 recorded the tallest genotype (139.5 cm), highest number of seeds per plants (100.8), and the highest seed yield per plant (70.8 g). The best performing genotypes were Giza40, FLIP03-014FB, Gazira1 and Goff1. Genetic variability among genotypes was determined using Sequence Related Amplified Polymorphism (SRAP) and Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) markers. A total of 183 amplified fragments (alleles) and 1758 polymorphic fragments (bands) in SRAP and 202 alleles and 716 bands in AFLP were obtained using six SRAP and four AFLP primer combinations respectively. Polymorphism information content (PIC) values for AFLP and SRAP markers were higher than 0.8, indicating the existence of a considerable amount of genetic diversity among faba tested genotypes. The UPGMA based clustering of faba genotypes was largely based on origin and/or genetic background. Result of cluster analysis based on SRAP showed weak and not significant correlation while, it was highly significant based on AFLP analysis with agro-morphological characters (r = 0.01, p > 0.54 and r = 0.26, p < 0.004 respectively). Combined SRAP and AFLP markers proved to be significantly useful for genetic diversity assessment at molecular level. They exhibited high discrimination power, and were able to distinguish the faba bean genotypes with high efficiency and accuracy levels. 相似文献
14.
15.
Brugmans B Hutten RG Rookmaker AN Visser RG van Eck HJ 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2006,112(2):269-277
A marker-saturated linkage map of potato was used to genetically map a locus involved in the resistance against wart disease
Synchytrium endobioticum race 1. The locus mapped on the long arm of chromosome 4 and is named Sen1-4 in contrast to a Sen1 locus on chromosome 11. The AFLP markers from the Sen1-4 interval enabled the isolation of BAC clones from an 11 genome equivalent BAC library. This was achieved via fingerprinting
of BAC pools with the AFLP primer pairs that resemble the genetic marker loci. With non-selective AFLP primers, fingerprints
of individual BAC clones were generated to analyse the overlap between BAC clones using FPC. This resulted in a complete contig
and a minimal tiling path of 14 BAC clones enclosing the Sen1-4 locus. The BAC contig has a genetic length of ~6 cM and a physical length of ~1 Mb. Our results demonstrate that map-based
cloning of Sen1-4 can be pursued on the basis of a strategy of marker saturation alone. Genetic resolution achieved by screening large numbers
of offspring for recombination events may not be required. Together with the construction of the BAC contig, a physical map
with the position of the markers is accomplished in one step. This provides proof of concept for the utility of the marker
saturation that is offered by the ultra dense AFLP map of potato for gene cloning. 相似文献
16.
In this study, genetic variation of Armillaria mellea subsp. nipponica was estimated using intergenic spacer-restriction fragment length polymorphism (IGS-RFLP) and amplified fragment length polymorphism
(AFLP) analyses. Four IGS-RFLP phenotypes were produced, of which two have never been reported. AFLP analysis suggested that
the 11 isolates used could be divided into five subgroups, and the isolates within the same subgroup were distributed throughout
a relatively large area in Japan. A parental isolate and its offspring (single-spore isolates) showed an almost identical
AFLP profile to each other. These results suggest that the large distribution of the isolates within the same subgroup were
established via the basidiospore from a common parental strain.
Contribution no. 378 of The Tottori Mycological Institute 相似文献
17.
Vishal Gupta Chitra Natarajan Kanika Kumar Radha Prasanna 《Journal of applied phycology》2011,23(1):73-81
A cyanobacterial strain (Anabaena laxa RPAN8) exhibiting fungicidal activity and β-1,3 and 1,4 endoglucanase activities was selected for identifying the gene(s)
involved. Functional analyses of the genomic library revealed that four clones (8, 64, 116, and 248) of RPAN8 exhibited fungicidal
activity and induced structural deformities in the cell wall of the growing mycelia of Pythium aphanidermatum. Higher expression of fungicidal and β-1,4 endoglucanase activities, along with low expression of β-1,3 endoglucanase activity,
was recorded in two E. coli clones (8 and 64). Clones 8 and 64 exhibited identical sequences while clones 116 and 248 were also similar. Bioinformatic
analyses were undertaken only for the two non-identical clones 8 and 116 which showed open reading frames (ORFs) of 348 (end 1) and 656 amino acid residues (end 2), respectively. The amino acid sequence analyses revealed that the end 1 encoding endoglucanases belonged to peptidase M20 family while end 2 showed significant similarities with several known genes. The putative promoters and ribosomal binding sites were identified
and amino acid exchanges were observed in both end 1 and 2. The presence of signal peptides of 24 and 20 amino acid residues respectively revealed the secretory nature of these
proteins. 相似文献
18.
Ghada Baraket Khaled Chatti Olfa Saddoud Ahmed Ben Abdelkarim Messaoud Mars Mokhtar Trifi Amel Salhi Hannachi 《Plant Molecular Biology Reporter》2011,29(1):171-184
This study characterises the genetic variability of fig, Ficus carica L., using simple sequence repeat (SSR) and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. It compares the efficiency
and utility of the two techniques in detecting variation and establishing genetic relationships among Tunisian fig cultivars.
Our results show that using both marker systems, the Tunisian fig germ plasm is characterised by having a large genetic diversity
at the deoxyribonucleic acid level, as most of AFLP bands were detected and all SSR markers were polymorphic. In fact, 351
(342 polymorphic) and 57 (57 polymorphic) bands were detected using AFLP and SSR primers, respectively. SSR markers were the
most polymorphic with an average polymorphic information content value of 0.94, while AFLP markers showed the highest effective
multiplex ratio (56.9) and marker index (45.2). The effective marker index was recorded highest (4.19) for AFLP markers and
lowest (0.70) for the SSR ones. Our results demonstrate that (1) independent as well as combined analyses of cluster analyses
of SSR and AFLP fragments showed that cultivars are clustered independently from their geographical origin, horticultural
classifications and tree sex; (2) the analysis of molecular variance allowed the partitioning of genetic variation within
and among fig groups and showed greater variation within groups and (3) AFLP and SSR markers datasets showed positive correlation.
This study suggests the SSR and AFLP markers are suitable for diversity analysis and cultivars fingerprinting. An understanding
of the genetic diversity and population structure of F. carica in Tunisia can also provide insight into the conservation and management of this species. 相似文献
19.
Jana Koperdáková Hedviga Komarovská Ján Košuth Annalisa Giovannini Eva Čellárová 《Acta Physiologiae Plantarum》2009,31(2):351-358
Hairy root-regenerated clones of Hypericum perforatum L. grown in vitro similarly to those successfully adapted to ex vitro conditions showed phenotype features typical for plants
transformed with Agrobacterium rhizogenes T-DNA. These included reduced apical dominance, increased branching, dwarfing and reduced fertility. Transgenic clones differed
in ability to develop root system as a necessary condition for transfer to the soil. One of the profiling characters, capability
of hypericin biosynthesis was altered as well. Dark glands as the sites of hypericin accumulation and/or synthesis exhibited
significantly higher densities on both, leaves and petals of transgenic clones comparing to controls. In the genome of transgenic
clones, rolABC genes were detected. Both clones harboured similar copy number of individual rol genes. However, copy numbers descended from rolA to rolC gene in both clones. 相似文献
20.
Antiviral Effects of Sulfated Exopolysaccharide from the Marine Microalga <Emphasis Type="Italic">Gyrodinium impudicum</Emphasis> Strain KG03 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
The sulfated exopolysaccharide p-KG03, which is produced by the marine microalga Gyrodinium impudicum strain KG03, exhibited impressive antiviral activity in vitro (EC50 = 26.9 µg/ml) against the encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV). Depending on the p-KG03 concentration, the development of cytopathic effects in EMCV-infected HeLa cells was either inhibited completely or slowed. Moreover, p-KG03 did not show any cytotoxic effects on HeLa cells, even at concentrations up to 1000 µg/ml. The polysaccharide was purified by repeated precipitation in ethanol, followed by gel filtration. The p-KG03 polysaccharide had a molecular weight of 1.87 × 107, and was characterized as a homopolysaccharide of galactose with uronic acid (2.96% wt/wt) and sulfate groups (10.32% wt/wt). The biological activities of p-KG03 suggest that sulfated metabolites from marine organisms are a rich source of antiviral agents. This is the first reported marine source of antiviral sulfated polysaccharides against EMCV. The p-KG03 polysaccharide may be useful in the development of marine bioactive exopolysaccharide for biotechnological and pharmaceutical products. 相似文献