全文获取类型
收费全文 | 57704篇 |
免费 | 5068篇 |
国内免费 | 4801篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 669篇 |
2022年 | 1000篇 |
2021年 | 2605篇 |
2020年 | 2008篇 |
2019年 | 2526篇 |
2018年 | 2541篇 |
2017年 | 2099篇 |
2016年 | 2707篇 |
2015年 | 3280篇 |
2014年 | 4136篇 |
2013年 | 4379篇 |
2012年 | 5026篇 |
2011年 | 4667篇 |
2010年 | 3246篇 |
2009年 | 2809篇 |
2008年 | 3192篇 |
2007年 | 2780篇 |
2006年 | 2451篇 |
2005年 | 2042篇 |
2004年 | 1907篇 |
2003年 | 1796篇 |
2002年 | 1545篇 |
2001年 | 1176篇 |
2000年 | 995篇 |
1999年 | 742篇 |
1998年 | 459篇 |
1997年 | 377篇 |
1996年 | 354篇 |
1995年 | 369篇 |
1994年 | 341篇 |
1993年 | 267篇 |
1992年 | 358篇 |
1991年 | 317篇 |
1990年 | 259篇 |
1989年 | 246篇 |
1988年 | 158篇 |
1987年 | 209篇 |
1986年 | 183篇 |
1985年 | 156篇 |
1984年 | 126篇 |
1983年 | 113篇 |
1982年 | 92篇 |
1981年 | 88篇 |
1980年 | 64篇 |
1979年 | 70篇 |
1978年 | 73篇 |
1977年 | 58篇 |
1976年 | 55篇 |
1973年 | 70篇 |
1972年 | 63篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
2.
ObjectiveWe investigated whether glutamate, NMDA receptors, and eukaryote elongation factor-2 kinase (eEF-2K)/eEF-2 regulate P-glycoprotein expression, and the effects of the eEF-2K inhibitor NH125 on the expression of P-glycoprotein in rat brain microvessel endothelial cells (RBMECs).MethodsCortex was obtained from newborn Wistar rat brains. After surface vessels and meninges were removed, the pellet containing microvessels was resuspended and incubated at 37°C in culture medium. Cell viability was assessed by the MTT assay. RBMECs were identified by immunohistochemistry with anti-vWF. P-glycoprotein, phospho-eEF-2, and eEF-2 expression were determined by western blot analysis. Mdr1a gene expression was analyzed by RT-PCR.ResultsMdr1a mRNA, P-glycoprotein and phospho-eEF-2 expression increased in L-glutamate stimulated RBMECs. P-glycoprotein and phospho-eEF-2 expression were down-regulated after NH125 treatment in L-glutamate stimulated RBMECs.ConclusionseEF-2K/eEF-2 should have played an important role in the regulation of P-glycoprotein expression in RBMECs. eEF-2K inhibitor NH125 could serve as an efficacious anti-multidrug resistant agent. 相似文献
3.
Splenic gene expression profiling in White Leghorn layer inoculated with the Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis 下载免费PDF全文
Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (SE) is a foodborne pathogen that can threaten human health through contaminated poultry products. Live poultry, chicken eggs and meat are primary sources of human salmonellosis. To understand the genetic resistance of egg‐type chickens in response to SE inoculation, global gene expression in the spleen of 20‐week‐old White Leghorn was measured using the Agilent 4 × 44 K chicken microarray at 7 and 14 days following SE inoculation (dpi). Results showed that there were 1363 genes significantly differentially expressed between inoculated and non‐inoculated groups at 7 dpi (I7/N7), of which 682 were up‐regulated and 681 were down‐regulated genes. By contrast, 688 differentially expressed genes were observed at 14 dpi (I14/N14), of which 371 were up‐regulated genes and 317 were down‐regulated genes. There were 33 and 28 immune‐related genes significantly differentially expressed in the comparisons of I7/N7 and I14/N14 respectively. Functional annotation revealed that several Gene Ontology (GO) terms related to immunity were significantly enriched between the inoculated and non‐inoculated groups at 14 dpi but not at 7 dpi, despite a similar number of immune‐related genes identified between I7/N7 and I14/N14. The immune response to SE inoculation changes with different time points following SE inoculation. The complicated interaction between the immune system and metabolism contributes to the immune responses to SE inoculation of egg‐type chickens at 14 dpi at the onset of lay. GC, TNFSF8, CD86, CD274, BLB1 and BLB2 play important roles in response to SE inoculation. The results from this study will deepen the current understanding of the genetic response of the egg‐type chicken to SE inoculation at the onset of egg laying. 相似文献
4.
5.
6.
M. V. Bazunova L. A. Sharafutdinova R. Yu. Lazdin V. V. Chernova D. N. Mixonov V. P. Zakharov 《Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology》2018,54(5):474-477
The conditions to obtain materials with elastic-viscous properties based on chitosan succinamide have been studied. A decreased polymer content and a transition from visco-elastic liquids to elastic-viscous systems were shown upon the addition of glycerol to an aqueous solution of chitosan succinamide. The systemic response, biological compatibility, and dynamics of bioresorbability of the obtained materials were studied during implantation in laboratory animals. 相似文献
7.
Haiye Luan Baojian Guo Yuhan Pan Chao Lv Huiquan Shen Rugen Xu 《Plant Growth Regulation》2018,85(3):399-409
Waterlogging is one of the major stresses limiting crop production worldwide. The understanding of the mechanisms of plant adaptations to waterlogging stress helps improve plant tolerance to stress. In this study, physiological responses and morpho-anatomical adaptations of seven different barley genotypes were investigated under waterlogging stress. The results showed that the waterlogging-tolerant varieties (TX9425, Yerong, TF58) showed less reduction in plant height, SPAD (soil–plant analyses development analyses) value, tillers, shoot and root biomasses than did the waterlogging-sensitive varieties (Franklin, Naso Nijo, TF57). Under waterlogging stress condition, the tolerant genotypes also showed a much larger number of adventitious roots than did the sensitive genotypes. More intercellular spaces and better integrated chloroplast membrane structures were observed in the leaves of the waterlogging-tolerant cultivars, which is likely due to increased ethylene content, decreased ABA content and less accumulation of O2.?. The ability to form new adventitious roots and intercellular spaces in shoots can also be used as selection criteria in breeding barley for waterlogging tolerance. 相似文献
8.
9.
10.
Hai-Lun Chao 《PloS one》2015,10(5)
To report the results of a systematic review and meta-analysis examining whether weight loss interventions improve body image in obese/overweight individuals. Medline, Current Contents, and the Cochrane database were searched to identify studies involving obese/overweight adults who were enrolled in weight loss interventions in which body image was quantitatively assessed. Outcomes assessed were changes in body shape concern, body size dissatisfaction, and body satisfaction (intervention vs comparator/control group). Seven studies were included in the systematic review (4 in the meta-analysis). All but 1 study involved female participants only. The type of weight loss intervention varied between studies as did the type of control/comparator group. In 3 studies, there was no significant difference in body image outcomes, whereas in 4 studies, improvement in body image was significantly more pronounced in the intervention vs the control/comparator group. Meta-analysis revealed that improvements in body shape concern (standardized difference: -0.52; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -1.04 to 0.00), body size dissatisfaction (standardized difference: -0.66; 95% CI: -0.88 to -0.45), and body satisfaction (standardized difference: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.09 to 1.38) significantly favored the intervention over the comparator/control group (P<0.05). The results of this systematic review/meta-analysis lend support to the notion that weight loss interventions may improve body image. This is a noteworthy finding that has clear clinical applicability because body image affects psychological well-being and the ability of an individual to maintain weight loss. Future research should determine which weigh loss interventions are associated with optimal improvements in body image and maintenance of weight loss. 相似文献