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1.
Household‐level correlates of children's physical activity levels in and across 12 countries 下载免费PDF全文
Deirdre M. Harrington Fiona Gillison Stephanie T. Broyles Jean‐Philippe Chaput Mikael Fogelholm Gang Hu Rebecca Kuriyan Anura Kurpad Allana G. LeBlanc Carol Maher Jose Maia Victor Matsudo Timothy Olds Vincent Onywera Olga L. Sarmiento Martyn Standage Mark S. Tremblay Catrine Tudor‐Locke Pei Zhao Peter T. Katzmarzyk for the ISCOLE Research Group 《Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)》2016,24(10):2150-2157
2.
Marla J. Steinbeck Natalie Chernets Jun Zhang Deepa S. Kurpad Gregory Fridman Alexander Fridman Theresa A. Freeman 《PloS one》2013,8(12)
Enhancing chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation is of paramount importance in providing effective regenerative therapies and improving the rate of fracture healing. This study investigated the potential of non-thermal atmospheric dielectric barrier discharge plasma (NT-plasma) to enhance chondrocyte and osteoblast proliferation and differentiation. Although the exact mechanism by which NT-plasma interacts with cells is undefined, it is known that during treatment the atmosphere is ionized generating extracellular reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS) and an electric field. Appropriate NT-plasma conditions were determined using lactate-dehydrogenase release, flow cytometric live/dead assay, flow cytometric cell cycle analysis, and Western blots to evaluate DNA damage and mitochondrial integrity. We observed that specific NT-plasma conditions were required to prevent cell death, and that loss of pre-osteoblastic cell viability was dependent on intracellular ROS and RNS production. To further investigate the involvement of intracellular ROS, fluorescent intracellular dyes Mitosox (superoxide) and dihydrorhodamine (peroxide) were used to assess onset and duration after NT-plasma treatment. Both intracellular superoxide and peroxide were found to increase immediately post NT-plasma treatment. These increases were sustained for one hour but returned to control levels by 24 hr. Using the same treatment conditions, osteogenic differentiation by NT-plasma was assessed and compared to peroxide or osteogenic media containing β-glycerolphosphate. Although both NT-plasma and peroxide induced differentiation-specific gene expression, neither was as effective as the osteogenic media. However, treatment of cells with NT-plasma after 24 hr in osteogenic or chondrogenic media significantly enhanced differentiation as compared to differentiation media alone. The results of this study show that NT-plasma can selectively initiate and amplify ROS signaling to enhance differentiation, and suggest this technology could be used to enhance bone fusion and improve healing after skeletal injury. 相似文献
3.
Christopher Millett Sutapa Agrawal Ruth Sullivan Mario Vaz Anura Kurpad A. V. Bharathi Dorairaj Prabhakaran Kolli Srinath Reddy Sanjay Kinra George Davey Smith Shah Ebrahim for the Indian Migration Study group 《PLoS medicine》2013,10(6)
Background
Increasing active travel (walking, bicycling, and public transport) is promoted as a key strategy to increase physical activity and reduce the growing burden of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) globally. Little is known about patterns of active travel or associated cardiovascular health benefits in low- and middle-income countries. This study examines mode and duration of travel to work in rural and urban India and associations between active travel and overweight, hypertension, and diabetes.Methods and Findings
Cross-sectional study of 3,902 participants (1,366 rural, 2,536 urban) in the Indian Migration Study. Associations between mode and duration of active travel and cardiovascular risk factors were assessed using random-effect logistic regression models adjusting for age, sex, caste, standard of living, occupation, factory location, leisure time physical activity, daily fat intake, smoking status, and alcohol use. Rural dwellers were significantly more likely to bicycle (68.3% versus 15.9%; p<0.001) to work than urban dwellers. The prevalence of overweight or obesity was 50.0%, 37.6%, 24.2%, 24.9%; hypertension was 17.7%, 11.8%, 6.5%, 9.8%; and diabetes was 10.8%, 7.4%, 3.8%, 7.3% in participants who travelled to work by private transport, public transport, bicycling, and walking, respectively. In the adjusted analysis, those walking (adjusted risk ratio [ARR] 0.72; 95% CI 0.58–0.88) or bicycling to work (ARR 0.66; 95% CI 0.55–0.77) were significantly less likely to be overweight or obese than those travelling by private transport. Those bicycling to work were significantly less likely to have hypertension (ARR 0.51; 95% CI 0.36–0.71) or diabetes (ARR 0.65; 95% CI 0.44–0.95). There was evidence of a dose-response relationship between duration of bicycling to work and being overweight, having hypertension or diabetes. The main limitation of the study is the cross-sectional design, which limits causal inference for the associations found.Conclusions
Walking and bicycling to work was associated with reduced cardiovascular risk in the Indian population. Efforts to increase active travel in urban areas and halt declines in rural areas should be integral to strategies to maintain healthy weight and prevent NCDs in India. Please see later in the article for the Editors'' Summary 相似文献4.
Elizabeth Zakszewski Brian Schmit Shekar Kurpad Matthew D. Budde 《Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE》2015,(98)
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the state of the art approach for assessing the status of the spinal cord noninvasively, and can be used as a diagnostic and prognostic tool in cases of disease or injury. Diffusion weighted imaging (DWI), is sensitive to the thermal motion of water molecules and allows for inferences of tissue microstructure. This report describes a protocol to acquire and analyze DWI of the rat cervical spinal cord on a small-bore animal system. It demonstrates an imaging setup for the live anesthetized animal and recommends a DWI acquisition protocol for high-quality imaging, which includes stabilization of the cord and control of respiratory motion. Measurements with diffusion weighting along different directions and magnitudes (b-values) are used. Finally, several mathematical models of the resulting signal are used to derive maps of the diffusion processes within the spinal cord tissue that provide insight into the normal cord and can be used to monitor injury or disease processes noninvasively. 相似文献
5.
Relationship between lifestyle behaviors and obesity in children ages 9–11: Results from a 12‐country study 下载免费PDF全文
Peter T. Katzmarzyk Tiago V. Barreira Stephanie T. Broyles Catherine M. Champagne Jean‐Philippe Chaput Mikael Fogelholm Gang Hu William D. Johnson Rebecca Kuriyan Anura Kurpad Estelle V. Lambert Carol Maher Jose Maia Victor Matsudo Timothy Olds Vincent Onywera Olga L. Sarmiento Martyn Standage Mark S. Tremblay Catrine Tudor‐Locke Pei Zhao Timothy S. Church for the ISCOLE Research Group 《Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)》2015,23(8):1696-1702
6.
Background aimsTraumatic injuries of the central nervous system cause damage and degeneration of specific cell populations with subsequent functional loss. Cell transplantation is a strategy to treat such injuries by replacing lost or damaged cell populations. Many kinds of cells are considered candidates for intraspinal transplantation. Human neural precursor cells (hNPC) derived from post-mortem fetal tissue are easy to isolate and expand, and are capable of producing large numbers of neuronal and glial cells. After transplantation into the nervous system, hNPC produce mature neural phenotypes and permit functional improvement in some models of neurodegenerative disease. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the therapeutic effect of different neuronal and glial progenitor populations of hNPC on locomotor and sensory functions of spinal cord-injured (SCI) ratsMethodsDifferent populations of progenitor cells were obtained from hNPC by cell sorting and neural induction, resulting in cell cultures that were NCAM+ A2B5+, NCAM+ A2B5? or A2B5+ NG2+. These different cell populations were then tested for efficacy in repair of the injured spinal cord by transplantation into rats with SCIResultsThe A2B5+ NG2+ population of hNPC significantly improved locomotor and sensory (hindlimb) functional recovery of SCI rats. Importantly, no abnormal pain responses were observed in the forelimbs following transplantationConclusionsThis treatment approach can improve functional recovery after SCI without causing allodynia. Further studies will be conducted to investigate the ability of A2B5+ NG2+ cells to survive, differentiate and integrate in the injured spinal cord. 相似文献
7.
Anura L. Jayewardene Frank Zhu Francesca T. Aweeka John G. Gambertoglio 《Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences》1998,707(1-2)
Indinavir is a member of a class of protease inhibitors that actively prevent the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome virion from maturing. A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) assay was developed and validated for the determination of indinavir in human plasma. Indinavir and the internal standard were isolated from the plasma by ether extraction. The residue after evaporation of ether was reconstituted with buffer and injected onto a C4 reversed-phase column eluted isocratically with a mobile phase consisting of 35:65 (v/v) of acetonitrile and buffer. A wavelength of 210 nm was found to be optimum for detection. The calibration range of this assay was from 10 to 5000 ng/ml and coefficients of variation for the assay ranged from 4.6% to 11.0% for three different drug concentrations and the limit of quantitation was 10 ng/ml. During the validation, short-term stability of the drug in plasma, stability during heat deactivation and on repeated freezing and thawing of plasma was evaluated. The overall recovery of indinavir by the ether extraction method was 91.4%. This HPLC assay was found to be a simple and reproducible method for monitoring indinavir levels in human plasma obtained during clinical trials of the drug. 相似文献
8.
Rebecca Kuriyan Sumithra Selvan Tinku Thomas Jayakumar Jayakumar Deepa P. Lokesh Mamatha P. Phillip Jini V. Aravind Anura V. Kurpad 《Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)》2018,26(10):1629-1636
Objective
This study aimed to generate age‐ and sex‐specific percentiles for body composition indices in children and to assess the variability in these indices, in relation to BMI.Methods
Anthropometry and body fat were measured with the BOD POD (Cosmed; Rome, Italy) in 9,702 children from Bangalore, India. Smoothed percentile curves using the lambda‐mu‐sigma method were obtained for BMI, fat‐free mass index (FFMI), fat mass index (FMI), and body fat percentage (% BF).Results
Percentile curves for % BF and FMI in boys increased from 6 to 12 years and declined from 13 years on, while in girls, it increased until 15 years. The FFMI percentile curves increased with age in both sexes. The mean FMI declined from 12 years on in boys, corresponding to a large increase in FFMI from that age, while in girls, both FMI and FFMI continued to increase. The 75th percentile of % BF and FMI had greater sensitivity to identify children with obesity.Conclusions
This study developed smoothed percentile curves for body composition in Indian children and suggests FMI and FFMI as good indicators of growth in children.9.
Akinwunmi Oni-Orisan Mayank Kaushal Wenjun Li Jack Leschke B. Douglas Ward Aditya Vedantam Benjamin Kalinosky Matthew D. Budde Brian D. Schmit Shi-Jiang Li Vaishnavi Muqeet Shekar N. Kurpad 《PloS one》2016,11(3)
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have demonstrated alterations during task-induced brain activation in spinal cord injury (SCI) patients. The interruption to structural integrity of the spinal cord and the resultant disrupted flow of bidirectional communication between the brain and the spinal cord might contribute to the observed dynamic reorganization (neural plasticity). However, the effect of SCI on brain resting-state connectivity patterns remains unclear. We undertook a prospective resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) study to explore changes to cortical activation patterns following SCI. With institutional review board approval, rs-fMRI data was obtained in eleven patients with complete cervical SCI (>2 years post injury) and nine age-matched controls. The data was processed using the Analysis of Functional Neuroimages software. Region of interest (ROI) based analysis was performed to study changes in the sensorimotor network using pre- and post-central gyri as seed regions. Two-sampled t-test was carried out to check for significant differences between the two groups. SCI patients showed decreased functional connectivity in motor and sensory cortical regions when compared to controls. The decrease was noted in ipsilateral, contralateral, and interhemispheric regions for left and right precentral ROIs. Additionally, the left postcentral ROI demonstrated increased connectivity with the thalamus bilaterally in SCI patients. Our results suggest that cortical activation patterns in the sensorimotor network undergo dynamic reorganization following SCI. The presence of these changes in chronic spinal cord injury patients is suggestive of the inherent neural plasticity within the central nervous system. 相似文献
10.
Measurement of rates ofin vivo substrate oxidation such as that of glucose, fatty acids and amino acids, are based on tracer (14C or13C) data, and often depend on the isotopic content of expired CO2. The recovery of tracer-labelled CO2 generated from the oxidation of13C labelled substrates may not be 100% over short term. This can lead to underestimation of oxidation rate of substrates, and
consequently a correction for the incomplete recovery of tracer has to be applied by the determination of the recovery of13CO2 in the breath during tracer bicarbonate infusions. We have studied the recovery of tracer-labelled bicarbonate using a bolus
administration model, and further characterized kinetics of bicarbonate using a three-compartment model, to assess which compartmental
fluxes changed during the change from a fasted state to fed state. Recovery of bicarbonate was lower at 69% and 67% (fasted
and fed state) than the value of 71% and 74% found during earlier longer term of continuous infusions. During feeding, there
was a 20-fold increase in the flux of bicarbonate between the central compartment and the compartment that was equivalent
to the viscera. This study shows that the difference between the fasted and fed state recovery of tracer bicarbonate similar
to that obtained with continuous infusions, and that bicarbonate fluxes show large changes between different compartments
in the body depending on metabolic state. 相似文献