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Carbon dots (CDs) are 10-nm nanomaterial classes as excellent candidates in various applications: physics, biology, chemistry, and food science due to high stable biocompatibility and high surface expansive. CDs produced from natural materials have received wide attention due to their unique benefits, easy availabilities, sufficient costs, and harmless to the ecosystem. The various properties of CDs can be obtained from various synthesis methods: hydrothermal, microwave-assisted, and pyrolysis. The CDs have shown enormous potential in metal particle detection, colorimetric sensors, electrochemical sensors, and pesticide sensors. This review provides systematic information on a synthesis method based on natural resources and the application to the environmental sensors for supporting the clean environment. We hope this review will be useful as a reference source in providing the guidance or roadmap for new researchers to develop new strategies in increasing luminescence properties CDs for multi detection of heavy metals in the environment. 相似文献
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Shekhar R. Biswas Azim U. Mallik Junaid K. Choudhury Ainun Nishat 《Wetlands Ecology and Management》2009,17(4):365-383
The effect of intensive human intervention, poor socio-economic conditions and little knowledge on mangrove ecology pose enormous
challenges for mangrove restoration in Southeast Asia. We present a framework for tropical mangrove restoration. Our proposed
restoration framework addresses the ecology, economy and social issues simultaneously by considering the causes of mangrove
degradation. We provide a step by step guideline for its restoration. We argue that although, ecological issues are of prime
importance, economic and social issues must be considered in the restoration plan in order for it to be successful. Since
mangrove ecology is not adequately studied in this region, local ecological knowledge can be used to fill the baseline information
gaps. Unwanted human disturbance can be minimized by encouraging community participation. This can be ensured and sustained
by facilitating the livelihood of the coastal community. We translated the restoration paradigm into a readily available practical
guideline for the executors of the plans. We provide an example of mangrove restoration project that is closely related to
our proposed framework. We are optimistic that this framework has the potential for universal application with necessary adjustments. 相似文献
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Md Sarwar Jahan Mohd Nozulaidi Mohammad Moneruzzaman Khandaker Ainun Afifah Nurul Husna 《Acta Physiologiae Plantarum》2014,36(7):1627-1635
The chlorinal-1 (ch1-1) mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana lacks the light-harvesting complexes in photosystem II (LHCII) due to deficiency of ability to synthesize chlorophyll (Chl) b. To investigate if a lack of LHCII affects plant growth and water loss, the Chl content, Chl fluorescence, glutathione (GSH) content, plant growth, water loss and stomatal aperture were measured using wild-type (WT) and ch1-1 mutant plants. The leaves of ch1-1 mutants accumulated significantly lower Chl content, Chl fluorescence and GSH content than WT plants. Plant growth and the leaf area of ch1-1 plants were also lower when compared to WT plants. The ch1-1 plant showed delayed flowering and higher a number of rosette leaves compared to the WT plants. The treatment of N-acetyl-cysteine increased Chl content and Chl fluorescence in leaves of both plants. Stomatal aperture was significantly lower in guard cells of the ch1-1 mutant than that of WT plants. Dark treatment increased stomatal closure which was corrected followed by the light treatment. Abscisic acid (ABA)-induced stomatal aperture was significantly lower in ch1-1 mutant than WT plants. Water loss through stomatal opening in ch1-1 plants was significantly lower than WT plants regardless of ABA treatment. This study suggests that a lack of LHCII might control plant growth and water loss in ch1-1 mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana. 相似文献
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Acta Biotheoretica - Tuberculosis has continued to retain its title as “the captain among these men of death”. This is evident as it is the leading cause of death globally from a single... 相似文献
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PB Asih IE Rozi H Herdiana NR Pratama AP Hidayati SS Marantina S Kosasih K Chand S Wangsamuda FA Rusdy ME Sumiwi A Imran T Yuniarti T Sianturi J Nur A Asnita B Bukhari C Barussanah M Yani C Ainun K Jamil C Mariam SP Sengkerij FJ Laihad W Hawley D Syafruddin 《Malaria journal》2012,11(1):291
ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Sabang Municipality, in Aceh Province, Indonesia, plans to initiate a malaria elimination programme in 2013. A baseline survey of the distribution of malaria in the municipality was conducted to lay the foundations for an evidence-based programme and to assess the island's readiness to begin the elimination process. METHODS: The entire population of the municipality was screened for malaria infection and G6PD deficiency. Specimens collected included blood slides, blots and tubes for selected households. Results and Discussion Samples were collected from 16,229 residents. Microscopic examination of the blood smears revealed 12 malaria infections; 10 with Plasmodium falciparum and 2 with Plasmodium vivax. To confirm the parasite prevalence, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) diagnosis was performed on the entire positive cases by microscopy and randomized 10% of the microscopically negative blood samples. PCR revealed an additional 11 subjects with malaria; one P. falciparum infection from the village of Paya Keunekai, and nine P. vivax infections and one mixed P. falciparum/P. vivax infection from the village of Batee Shok. The overall slide positivity rate was 0.074% (CI 95%: 0.070 - 0.078) and PCR corrected prevalence 0,590% (CI 95%: 0.582 - 0.597). Analysis of 937 blood samples for G6PD deficiency revealed two subjects (0.2%) of deficient G6PD. Analysis of several genes of the parasite, such as Pfdhfr, Pfdhps, Pfmdr1, Pfcrt, Pfmsp1, Pfmsp2, Pvdhfr, Pvdhps, Pvmdr1 and host gene, such as G6PD gene revealed that both P. falciparum and P. vivax carried the mutation associated with chloroquine resistance. CONCLUSION: Malariometric and host genetic analysis indicated that there is a low prevalence of both malaria and G6PD deficiency in the population of Sabang Municipality. Nevertheless, malaria cases were clustered in three rural villages and efforts for malaria elimination in Sabang should be particularly focused on those three villages. 相似文献
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