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Bikram Pandey Janak R. Khatiwada Lin Zhang Kaiwen Pan Mohammed A. Dakhil Qinli Xiong Ram Kailash P. Yadav Mohan Siwakoti Akash Tariq Olusanya Abiodun Olatunji Meta Francis Justine Xiaogang Wu Xiaoming Sun Ziyan Liao Zebene Tadesse Negesse 《Ecology and evolution》2020,10(17):9474-9485
Studying the pattern of species richness is crucial in understanding the diversity and distribution of organisms in the earth. Climate and human influences are the major driving factors that directly influence the large‐scale distributions of plant species, including gymnosperms. Understanding how gymnosperms respond to climate, topography, and human‐induced changes is useful in predicting the impacts of global change. Here, we attempt to evaluate how climatic and human‐induced processes could affect the spatial richness patterns of gymnosperms in China. Initially, we divided a map of the country into grid cells of 50 × 50 km2 spatial resolution and plotted the geographical coordinate distribution occurrence of 236 native gymnosperm taxa. The gymnosperm taxa were separated into three response variables: (a) all species, (b) endemic species, and (c) nonendemic species, based on their distribution. The species richness patterns of these response variables to four predictor sets were also evaluated: (a) energy–water, (b) climatic seasonality, (c) habitat heterogeneity, and (d) human influences. We performed generalized linear models (GLMs) and variation partitioning analyses to determine the effect of predictors on spatial richness patterns. The results showed that the distribution pattern of species richness was highest in the southwestern mountainous area and Taiwan in China. We found a significant relationship between the predictor variable set and species richness pattern. Further, our findings provide evidence that climatic seasonality is the most important factor in explaining distinct fractions of variations in the species richness patterns of all studied response variables. Moreover, it was found that energy–water was the best predictor set to determine the richness pattern of all species and endemic species, while habitat heterogeneity has a better influence on nonendemic species. Therefore, we conclude that with the current climate fluctuations as a result of climate change and increasing human activities, gymnosperms might face a high risk of extinction. 相似文献
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Oluyomi Stephen Adeyemi Nthatisi Innocentia Molefe-Nyembe Abiodun Omokehinde Eseola Winfried Plass Oluwatosin Kudirat Shittu Ibrahim Olatunji Yunusa Olubunmi Atolani Ikponmwosa Owen Evbuomwan Oluwakemi J. Awakan Keisuke Suganuma Kentaro Kato 《The Yale journal of biology and medicine》2021,94(2):199
The Trypanosoma spp. cause animal and human trypanosomiasis characterized with appreciable health and economic burden mostly in developing nations. There is currently no effective therapy for this parasitic disease, due to poor drug efficacy, drug resistance, and unwanted toxicity, etc. Therefore, new anti-Trypanosoma agents are urgently needed. This study explored new series of imidazoles for anti-Trypanosoma properties in vitro and in vivo. The imidazoles showed moderate to strong and specific action against growth of T. congolense. For example, the efficacy of the imidazole compounds to restrict Trypanosoma growth in vitro was ≥ 12-fold specific towards T. congolense relative to the mammalian cells. Additionally, the in vivo study revealed that the imidazoles exhibited promising anti-Trypanosoma efficacy corroborating the in vitro anti-parasite capacity. In particular, three imidazole compounds (C1, C6, and C8) not only cleared the systemic parasite burden but cured infected rats after no death was recorded. On the other hand, the remaining five imidazole compounds (C2, C3, C4, C5, and C7) drastically reduced the systemic parasite load while extending survival time of the infected rats by 14 days as compared with control. Untreated control died 3 days post-infection, while the rats treated with diminazene aceturate were cured comparable to the results obtained for C1, C6, and C8. In conclusion, this is the first study demonstrating the potential of these new series of imidazoles to clear the systemic parasite burden in infected rats. Furthermore, a high selectivity index of imidazoles towards T. congolense in vitro and the oral LD50 in rats support anti-parasite specific action. Together, findings support the anti-parasitic prospects of the new series of imidazole derivatives. 相似文献
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Olubukola O. Babalola Abiodun I. Sanni George D. Odhiambo Baldwyn Torto 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2007,23(6):747-752
Summary The use of trap crops such as cowpea could reduce the effects of the root parasitic weed, Striga hermonthica and its subsequent constraints on the growth of cereals. Certain bacteria could augment the trap crop stimulatory effect.
We studied the effect of three bacteria introduced to the rhizosphere of three cowpea varieties at planting. Number of days
to cowpea flowering was noted and at harvest, data were collected on pod characteristics and biomass. Means of data subjected
to ANOVA were compared using Tukey’s Studentized Range Test. We analysed bacterial headspace volatiles for ethylene by gas
chromatography and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Bacterial type significantly influenced the cowpea varieties with
better performance over the non-inoculated control. Average pod weight (g) with bacterial treatment was 37.97 for Enterobacter sakazakii 8MR5, 34.38 for Pseudomonas 44MS8 and 27.46 for Pseudomonas 10M3. Non-inoculated control had an average weight of 20.98 g. Bacteria promoted a significant increase in pod weight (≥30.89%),
fresh biomass (≥24.22%), and improved pod number (≥20.54%) and pod wall thickness (≥7.33%) with no deleterious effect on plant
health. Ethylene released by the bacteria ranged from trace concentrations in Pseudomonas sp. to 210 nmoles/108 c. f. u./ml in Ent. sakazakii 8MR5. 相似文献
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Heng-Xing Liang Huan-Qin Dai Hai-An Fu Xiao-Ping Dong Abiodun Humphrey Adebayo Li-Xin Zhang Yong-Xian Cheng 《Phytochemistry letters》2010,3(4):181-184
Two new naphthalene acylglucosides, rumexneposides A (1) and B (2), together with 12 known compounds (3-14), were isolated from the roots of Rumex nepalensis. Their structures were established by chemical and spectroscopic methods. The biological activities of compounds 1-14 as well as an additional 11 compounds previously isolated from R. nepalensis and Rumex hastatus (15–25) were evaluated against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, para-aminobenzoic acid (pAba) pathway, and a panel of human cancer cell lines. The results showed that compound 15 was the most active against M. tuberculosis with an MIC value of 2.85 μM similar to that of isoniazid. Compound 5 could inhibit pAba synthetic pathway with an MIC value of 12.6 μM, comparable to that of positive control abyssomicin C, representing a new example of the rare pAba pathway inhibitors. 相似文献
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Jacqueline R. Morey Felix Behr Rafael M. Couñago Abiodun D. Ogunniyi Bostjan Kobe Megan L. O'Mara James C. Paton Christopher A. McDevitt 《Molecular microbiology》2014,91(4):834-851
Streptococcus pneumoniae is a globally significant human pathogen responsible for nearly 1 million deaths annually. Central to the ability of S. pneumoniae to colonize and mediate disease in humans is the acquisition of zinc from the host environment. Zinc uptake in S. pneumoniae occurs via the ATP‐binding cassette transporter AdcCB, and, unusually, two zinc‐binding proteins, AdcA and AdcAII. Studies have suggested that these two proteins are functionally redundant, although AdcA has remained uncharacterized by biochemical methods. Here we show that AdcA is a zinc‐specific substrate‐binding protein (SBP). By contrast with other zinc‐binding SBPs, AdcA has two zinc‐binding domains: a canonical amino‐terminal cluster A‐I zinc‐binding domain and a carboxy‐terminal zinc‐binding domain, which has homology to the zinc‐chaperone ZinT from Gram‐negative organisms. Intriguingly, this latter feature is absent from AdcAII and suggests that the two zinc‐binding SBPs of S. pneumoniae employ different modalities in zinc recruitment. We further show that AdcAII is reliant upon the polyhistidine triad proteins for zinc in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, our studies suggest that, despite the overlapping roles of the two SBPs in zinc acquisition, they may have unique mechanisms in zinc homeostasis and act in a complementary manner during host colonization. 相似文献
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We designed a behavioural paradigm for vibro-tactile detection to characterise the sampling time and performance in the rat whisker sensory system. Rats initiated a trial by nose-poking into an aperture where their whiskers came into contact with two meshes. A continuous nose-poke for a random duration triggered stimulus presentation. Stimuli were a sequence of discrete Gaussian deflections of the mesh that increased in amplitude over time – across 5 conditions, time to maximum amplitude varied from 0.5 to 8 seconds. Rats indicated the detected stimulus by choosing between two reward spouts. Two rats completed more than 500 trials per condition. Rats'' stimulus sampling duration increased and performance dropped with increasing task difficulty. For all conditions the median reaction time was longer for correct trials than incorrect trials. Higher rates of increment in stimulus amplitude resulted in faster rise in performance as a function of stimulus sampling duration. Rats'' behaviour indicated a dynamic stimulus sampling whereby nose-poke was maintained until a stimulus was correctly identified or the rat experienced a false alarm. The perception was then manifested in behaviour after a motor delay. We thus modelled the results with 3 parameters: signal detection, false alarm, and motor delay. The model captured the main features of the data and produced parameter estimates that were biologically plausible and highly similar across the two rats. 相似文献
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Specificity and mechanism of influence of amino acid residues on hepatic clearance of oligopeptides 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
We have investigated the influence of amino acid residues on hepatic clearance of oligopeptides by determining the rate of disappearance (nmol.(min.g liver)-1) of selective oligopeptides from the medium during isolated rat liver perfusion. (a) N terminus: the rate of disappearance of Ala-Leu was greater (p less than 0.01) than those of Gly-Leu, Phe-Leu, and Arg-Leu (208 +/- 13, 135 +/- 13, 116 +/- 12, and 127 +/- 12, respectively). (b) C terminus: the rate of disappearance of Leu-Ala (244 +/- 18) was significantly greater (p less than 0.01) than that of Leu-Gly (145 +/- 16). (c) Number of residues: with each increase in the number of alanine residues (2-4) there was a significant increase in the rate of peptide disappearance, and conversely, with each increase in the number of glycine residues (2-6) there was a significant decrease in the rate of peptide disappearance. Further studies showed no peptide transport by isolated liver plasma membrane vesicles and no significant correlation between the rates of peptide disappearance and hydrolase activities of the perfusion medium but highly significant correlation with hydrolase activity of plasma membrane. We conclude that certain amino acid residues, such as alanine, enhance hepatic clearance of oligopeptides by increasing their affinity as substrates for plasma membrane peptide hydrolases. 相似文献