Construction of a cucumber genetic linkage map with SRAP markers and location of the genes for lateral branch traits

Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. 2n = 2x = 14), thatbelongs to Cucurbitaceae family, is one of majorvegetables with a planting area second to that of to-mato in the world[1]. Due to its economical importanceplant breeders and geneticists have paid much atten-tion to the genetic study on this important vegetablecrop, but the research progress in cucumber is muchless than that in tomato. In 1990, Pierce[2] reviewed allthe reported genes of cucumber that had been geneti-cally analyzed since the 1930…     

Effects of Temperature Acclimation Pretreatment on the Ultrastructure of Mesophyll Cells in Young Grape Plants （Vitis vinifera L. cv. Jingxiu） Under Cross-Temperature Stresses

Leaves from annual young grape plants （Vitis vinifera L. cv. Jingxiu） were used as experimental materials. The ultrastructural characteristics of mesophyll cells in chilling-treated plants after heat acclimation （HA） and in heat-treated plants after cold acclimation （CA） were observed and compared using transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that slight injury appeared in the ultrastructure of mesophyll cells after either HA （38℃ for 10 h） or CA （8℃ for 2.5 d）, but the tolerance to subsequent extreme temperature stress was remarkably improved by HA or CA pretreatment. The increases in membrane permeability and malondialdehyde concentration under chilling （0℃） or heat （45℃） stress were markedly inhibited by HA or CA pretreatment. The mesophyll cells of plants not pretreated with HA were markedly damaged following chilling stress. The chloroplasts appeared irregular in shape, the arrangement of the stroma lamellae was disordered, and no starch granules were present. The cristae of the mitochondria were disrupted and became empty. The nucleus became irregular in shape and the nuclear membrane was digested. In contrast, the mesophyll cells of HA-pretreated plants maintained an intact ultrastructure under chilling stress. The mesophyll cells of control plants were also severely damaged under heat stress. The chloroplast became round in shape, the stroma lamellae became swollen, and the contents of vacuoles formed clumps. In the case of mitochondria of control plants subjected to heat stress, the outer envelope was digested and the cristae were disrupted and became many small vesicles. Compared with cellular organelles in control plants, those in CA plant cells always maintained an integrated state during whole heat stress, except for the chloroplasts, which became round in shape after 10 h heat stress. From these data, we suggest that the stability of mesophyll cells under chilling stress can be increased by HA pretreatment. Similarly, CA pretreatment can protect chloroplasts, mitochondria, and the nucleus against subsequent heat stress; thus, the thermoresistance of grape seedlings was improved. The results obtained in the present study are the first, to our knowledge, to offered cytological evidence of cross-adaptation to temperature stresses in grape plants.     

Neural progenitor cells from human induced pluripotent stem cells generated less autogenous immune response

The breakthrough development of induced pluripotent stem cells(iPSCs)raises the prospect of patient-specific treatment for many diseases through the replacement of affected cells.However,whether iPSC-derived functional cell lineages generate a deleterious immune response upon auto-transplantation remains unclear.In this study,we differentiated five human iPSC lines from skin fibroblasts and urine cells into neural progenitor cells(NPCs)and analyzed their immunogenicity.Through co-culture with autogenous peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs),we showed that both somatic cells and iPSC-derived NPCs do not stimulate significant autogenous PBMC proliferation.However,a significant immune reaction was detected when these cells were co-cultured with allogenous PBMCs.Furthermore,no significant expression of perforin or granzyme B was detected following stimulation of autogenous immune effector cells(CD3+CD8 T cells,CD3+CD8+T cells or CD3 CD56+NK cells)by NPCs in both PBMC and T cell co-culture systems.These results suggest that human iPSC-derived NPCs may not initiate an immune response in autogenous transplants,and thus set a base for further preclinical evaluation of human iPSCs.     

中亚热带东部三种主要木本群落土壤呼吸的研究

研究中亚热带东部青冈（Ｑｕｅｒｃｕｓｇｌａｕｃａ）常绿阔叶林、毛竹（Ｐｈｙｌｏｓｔａｃｈｙｓｐｕｂｅｓｃｅｎｓ）林和茶（Ｃａｍｅｌｉａｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ）园土壤呼吸与土壤温度、土壤含水率的关系,建立了土壤呼吸速率与地表温度的模型,根据气象资料估算得到青冈常绿阔叶林、毛竹林、茶园的年均土壤ＣＯ２呼吸量,３种群落依次为２４．１２、３０．７７、２８．５５ｔ／ｈｍ２·ａ,进一步估算出浙江省常绿阔叶林、毛竹林和茶园每年土壤ＣＯ２排放量,分别为９．２７×１０６、１．３６×１０７、７．１６×１０６ｔ／ａ     

基于红外相机技术监测秦岭山地引水工程对大中型兽类种群影响的初报

2015年1月—2016年12月,采用红外相机技术在陕西省引汉济渭工程作业区设置4个监测点,对保护兽类种群变化进行了监测研究。监测共发现大中型陆栖兽类3目9科9种,其中,川金丝猴Rhinopithecus roxellana、秦岭羚牛Budorcas bedfordi和林麝Moschus berezovskii为国家Ⅰ级重点保护野生动物,野猪Sus scrofa和黄鼬Mustela sibirica在监测中的遇见频次最多。随着工程的推进,与2015年相比,2016年监测发现的物种数量和遇见频次均呈减少的趋势。这说明该工程带来的人为干扰、噪音、景观的改变对区内栖息的野生动物具有不利的影响,已经出现动物活动减少、发生迁移的现象,这有可能会进一步影响秦岭动物群落结构和种群空间分布。建议加强动物种群变化监测,减少人为干扰,严格控制动物栖息地破坏程度,做好景观和植被恢复工程。     

模拟增温对川西亚高山人工林土壤有机碳含量和土壤呼吸的影响

采用原位OTCs模拟增温方法,研究了川西亚高山人工云杉林下土壤有机碳含量、土壤呼吸速率及土壤酶活性对温度升高的响应.结果表明：在2005年11月—2007年7月的模拟增温试验期间,林下空气平均温度和土壤平均温度分别比对照提高了042 ℃和025 ℃.增温1年和2年后的0～10 cm和10～20 cm层土壤有机碳、C/N均比对照有所降低：增温1年后,在0～10 cm层分别降低了869%和852%;增温2年后的降低幅度比增温1年后有所缓解.与对照相比,增温1年后土壤呼吸速率显著提高;2年后,土壤呼吸没有明显差异,表现出对温度升高的适应性.增温1年后,蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶、蛋白酶、脲酶和多酚氧化酶活性均增强,其中0～10 cm土层的蔗糖酶和多酚氧化酶活性与对照的差异达到显著水平;增温2年后,蔗糖酶、蛋白酶和脲酶活性仍有所增强,但过氧化氢酶和多酚氧化酶活性与对照相比则呈下降趋势.