The effects of proteasome inhibitor lactacystin on mouse oocyte meiosis and first cleavage

Many studies have shown that the ubiq-uitin-proteasome pathway (UPP) for the degradation of short-lived proteins plays a key role in regulating cell cycle progression[1—3]. At least two distinct prote-olytic pathways are required for cell cycle process. The first pathway promotes transition from G1 to S phase, and the second initiates the onset of anaphase and exit from mitosis. The inhibition of UPP will re-sult in the blockage of cell cycle process. The knowl-edge of the role of UPP in…     

空间诱变水稻大粒型突变体的遗传育种研究

对粳稻农垦58经空间诱变产生的大粒型突变体进行大粒型性状的遗传分析和育种应用研究。结果表明,大粒型突变体的籽粒大小（以籽粒体积表示）表现为受多基因控制的数量性状。大粒型突变体谷粒细长,具馨香味,外观品质优,对粳稻的亲和性好,是一个罕见的优质米资源。以大粒型突变体为供体,高产、外观米质差的晚粳推广品种为受体,采用不饱和回交结合分离世代糙米外观品质鉴定的方法,将大粒型突变体的优质性状导入晚粳背景,选育出外观米质优的晚粳新品系。对采用不饱和回交方法改良数量性状进行了讨论。 Abstract:The inheritance and utilization of a stable large-grain mutant,selected from the induced generation derived from japonica Nongkeng 58 after space treatment carried by recoverable satellite,were analyzed.The results indicated that the grain volume of the large-grain mutant was quantitative trait controlled by multiple genes.The large-grain mutant had characteristics of slender grain,favorable scent,high apparent grain quality and good compatibility with japonica,and can be used as a valuable resource for improving grain quality.When high yield japonica variety with bad looking quality was used as a recurrent parent to cross with the mutant and a procedure of a limited backcross combined with identification of brown rice quality in segregation generations was applied,some japonica lines with good looking quality were developed.The utility of the limited backcross method for improvement of quantitative traits was discussed.     

湖北省三品种猪27个微卫星座位的遗传变异

采用国际动物遗传学会（ISAG）和联合国粮农组织（FAO）共同推荐的27个微卫星标记,对湖北省3个主要地方猪种（通城猪、清平猪和阳新猪）的遗传变异进行了检测。计算出各个品种的基因杂合度、各个座位的多态信息含量及品种间的遗传距离。结果表明,3个地方猪种的平均基因杂合度分别为0.7489、0.6987和0.6273,遗传多样性比较丰富;通城猪和清平猪亲缘关系较近,而两者与阳新猪亲缘关系略远。     

四部体小麦“简阳矮兰麦”与黑麦可杂交性及其在六倍体水平上的遗传特性

中国六倍体普通小麦地方品种有一个比较独特的特征-存在丰富的高亲和性材料。因此,研究中国四倍体小麦的亲和性问题具有特殊的意义。“简阳矮兰麦”是来源于四川省的一个四倍体小麦地方品种,它与黑麦有高的可杂交性,其杂交结实率达60%。遗传分析表明,“简阳矮兰麦”与黑麦的高可杂交性是受2-3对隐性基因所控制,但3对基因的可能性更大。而且,这些隐性基因的作用在合成六倍体小麦后仍能比较完全的表达。通过与六倍体普通小麦相比较,结果表明四倍体小麦的可杂交性系统与六倍体小麦的可杂交性系统的作用方式是类似的。 Abstract:It is a special characteristic that many Chinese common wheat landraces showed a high crossability with rye.Thus,it is important that elucidate the genetic control of the crossability of Chinese tetraploid wheat with rye.Triticum turgidum cv.Jianyangailanmai native to Sichuan,China has high crossability with rye,up to 60%.In this study,it is indicated that the crossability of Jianyangailanmai with rve is controlled by two or more probably three recessive genes,which was almost totally expressed in the hexaploid wheat level.The operation of these recessive genes influencing crossability with rye was similar to that of hexaploid common wheat.     

小麦不同发育时期酯酶、过氧化物酶同工酶酶谱 的比较研究

休眠干种子,浸种8小时和24小时萌动胚酯酶酶谱的特点是:酶带数较多,并且活力高的酶带基本上都集中在快带区与慢带区。一叶期、二叶期、三叶期酶谱的特点是酶带数大为减少,并且活力较低,在慢带区变化尤大。分蘖期是研究的九个发育时期中,酶带最少而且酶活力最低的一个发育时期。剑叶期酶谱与分蘖期相似,但酶带数和酶活力都有所提高。开花后15—18天的乳熟种子的酶谱有较大变化,酶带数显著增多,酶活力增强;并且在这一发育时期,不同材料间的差异容易显示出来。过氧化物酶同工酶酶谱,在不同发育时期是有差别的,但差异不及酯酶大。休眠干种子和浸种8小时种胚的过氧化物酶酶带数目较少而且活力低。但浸种24小时,酶带数显著增多而且活性较强,显色较深。一叶期、二叶期,三叶期的酶带数都比较多而强,至分蘖盛期酶带数有所下降,剑叶期又有所提高,乳熟期种子出现酶带数和酶活性都比较多而强。     

培养抗性植物的细胞/组织培养途径

抗性育种在作物品种改良中已日益显得重要。近10多年来,随着细胞/组织培养、遗传操作等生物技术的迅速发展,以及由于植物具有全能性,在人工培养条件下,从单细胞原生质体可以再生成一个完整的个体成功以来,人们试图利用细胞/组织培养等生物技术将野生种的抗性基因引入到作物中来,或是人工诱发抗性变异,从而筛选出抗性愈     

Antisense EGFR sequence reverses the growth properties of human liver carcinoma cell line BEL-7404 in vitro

A recombinant plasmid containing a full length human epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) cDNA sequence in antisense orientation was transferred into cells of a human liver carcinoma cell line BEL-7404. Compared with the control cell clone JX-0 transferred with the vector plasmid and the parent BEL-7404 cells, the antisense EGFR transferred cell clone JX-1 showed a decreased EGFR gene expression and reduced significantly the growth potential either in anchorage-dependent or anchorage-independent growth. Furthermore, JX-1 cells appeared to be distinctly dependent on serum concentration for monolayer growth. The results suggested that antisense EGFR could partly block the EGFR gene expression and reverse the malignant growth properties of human liver carcinoma cells in vitro.     

Effect of Human WEE1 and Stem Cell Factor on Human CD34^＋ Umbilical Cord Blood Cell Damage Induced by Chemotherapeutic Agents

Myelosuppression is one of the major side-effects of most anticancer drugs. To achieve myeloprotection, one bicistronic vector encoding anti-apoptotic protein human WEE l （WEElHu） and proliferation-stimulating stem cell factor （SCF） was generated. In this study, we selected human umbilical cord blood CD34^＋ cells as the in vitro model in an attempt to investigate whether WEEIHu, rather than conventional drug-resistant genes, can be introduced to rescue cells from the damage by chemotherapeutic agents such as cisplatin, adriamycin, mitomycin-c and 5-fluorouracil. Cell viability and cytotoxicity assay, colony-forming units in culture assay and externalization of phospholipid phosphatidylserine analysis showed that the expression of WEElHu and SCF in CD34^＋ cells provided the cells with some protection. These findings suggest that the expression of WEElHu and SCF might rescue CD34^＋ cells from chemotherapyinduced myelosuppression.     

Recent Advances in Biological Control of Pest Insects by Using Viruses in China

Insect viruses are attractive as biological control agents and could be a feasible alternative to chemical insecticides in the management of insect infestations. This review describes recent advances in the development of wild-type and genetically modified viruses as insecticides. A new strategy of application of insect viruses in China is reviewed. Also, the assessment of biosafety of genetically modified Helicoverpa armigera Nucleopolyhedovirus (HearNPV) is emphasized as a case-study.     

Trehalose and trehalose-hydrolyzing enzyme in the haemolymph of Locusta migratoria infected with Metarhizium anisopliae strain CQMa102

Topical application of the Metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum specialist strain CQMa 102 to the locust Locusta migratoria manilensis results in changes of the concentrations of trehalose and glucose in the haemolymph. Micrographs of the locust haemolymph shows Metarhizium anisopliae can effectivly penetrate the external skeleton of locust and after 2 days infection, the hyphae body will appear in the haemolymph of infected insects. The time in decrease of trehalose concentration coincided with that in increase of trehalose-hydrolysing enzyme activity in the haemolymph of the fungus-infected insects. Overlay gel analysis indicated there was considerably more trehalose-hydrolysing activity in the haemolymph of locusts infected by fungus than in controls. A comparable isoform was identified in in vitro culture of the fungus, suggesting a fungal origin for the in vivo enzyme. Haemolymph trehalose decreased significantly during mycosis of locusts by M. anisopliae. All these results suggested that this fungus may take advantage of competing nutrient utilization against the insect by its trehalose-hydrolyzing enzyme secretion. It may provide fundamental knowledge for fungal pathogenesis.