高原鼢鼠发情周期阴道细胞变化特征及血清促性腺激素含量动态

In order to determine the change characteristics of vaginal cells in the estrus cycle and the duration of the estrus cycle, vaginal smears and HE staining methods were used to observe and count the types, morphological changes, and proportions of vaginal cells in plateau zokor (Eospalax baileyi). The hormone secretion dynamics of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) in the serum of plateau zokor in the estrus cycle were determined by ELISA. The results showed that the main vaginal cells of plateau zokor were leukocytes, nuclear epithelial cells, incompletely cornified epithelial cells, and complete cornified epithelial cells. The proportion of nuclear epithelial cells in the proestrus was significantly higher than that during the other three periods (48. 4 ±3. 09)% (n=12, P < 0. 05). The proportion of complete cornified epithelial cells in the oestrus was the highest and significantly higher than that in the other three periods (59. 73 ±7. 59)% (n=15, P < 0. 05). The proportion of leukocytes in the metestrus and dioestrum was significantly higher than that in the proestrus and oestrus (P < 0. 05). The expression level of LH was the highest in the metestrus (4. 709 5 ±1. 094 0) ng/mL (n=6, P < 0. 05), which showed an increasing trend in proestrus and oestrus, and a decreasing trend in the metestrus and dioestrum. There was no significant difference in the expression level of FSH among the four periods (P > 0. 05); the estrus cycle duration of plateau zokor was 16 to 19 d, the characteristics of vaginal cell types in different stages of the estrus cycle were obvious, and the relative number was statistically significant. The study provided a basis for vaginal smear identification in the estrous cycle and reproductive physiology study of plateau zokor.     

放牧管理模式对高原鼢鼠(Eospalax baileyi)鼠丘形态特征的影响

为明晰放牧对高原鼢鼠（Eospalax baileyi）造丘活动的影响，于2019年5月、8月和10月分别对禁牧（No grazing，NG）、生长季休牧（Rest grazing in growing season，RG）、传统放牧（Traditional grazing，TG）和连续放牧（Continuous grazing，CG）4种放牧管理模式样地下高原鼢鼠的新鼠丘（2个月内形成）半径、高度、表面积和体积等进行测定，并分析其表面积、体积与土壤和植被生物量间的关系。结果发现：放牧管理模式显著影响了高原鼢鼠鼠丘形态特征，且具有季节性差异。NG下鼠丘的半径、表面积和体积最大，而CG下鼠丘的体积和表面积显著变小（P<0.05），在8月和10月，鼠丘半径在CG样地显著小于其他3种放牧模式样地（P<0.05）；8月TG下鼠丘高度最高，而5月和10月NG下鼠丘高度最高，鼠丘高度在CG样地显著小于NG样地（P<0.05）。冗余分析2个排序轴几乎全部解释了土壤因子及地下生物量与鼠丘特征之间的关系，但各放牧管理模式下影响因子不同，NG样地的土壤容重（P<0.05）、土壤紧实度（P<0.01）和莎草科植物的地上生物量（P<0.01），RG样地的地下生物量（P<0.01）、土壤紧实度（P<0.01）和豆科植物的地上生物量（P<0.01），TG样地的禾本科和豆科植物的地上生物量（P<0.01），CG样地的土壤水分、地下生生物量、土壤紧实度（P<0.05）和莎草科植物的地上生物量（P<0.01）均显著影响了鼠丘的形态特征。可见，放牧会影响高原鼢鼠的鼠丘形态特征，进而对草地的演替产生不同的影响。