大熊猫精液和包皮菌群组成及潜在致病菌调查

[目的] 大熊猫是我国国家一级保护动物,其种群面临着传染病和栖息地破碎化等持续威胁,其中生殖系统的细菌感染和菌群失衡会影响大熊猫生殖健康,严重者可导致流产,是引起大熊猫繁殖障碍的原因之一。本研究对精液与包皮分泌物样本的菌群组成情况及分离培养潜在致病菌开展研究。[方法] 通过采集13份大熊猫包皮分泌物和12份精液样本,采用16S rRNA扩增子测序技术、细菌培养及PCR鉴定的方法,确定样本中的细菌种类。[结果] 菌群组成分析结果显示,在门水平上,厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）的细菌丰度在大熊猫包皮与精液中均为最高;在属水平上,不同时期的雄性大熊猫包皮的菌群可能会发生改变,棒状杆菌属（Corynebacterium）和Dolosicoccus是Ⅰ期包皮样本中最丰富的微生物菌群,相对丰度分别为15.45%和12.40%;链球菌属（Streptococcus）和埃希氏菌属（Escherichia）是Ⅱ期包皮样本中最丰富的微生物菌群,相对分度分别为37.94%和9.68%;拟杆菌属（Bacteroides）和普雷沃氏菌属（Prevotella）是精液样本中最丰富的微生物菌群,相对丰度分别为14.40%和12.88%。菌群多样性分析结果显示,精液样品高于Ⅰ期包皮样品和Ⅱ期包皮样品,Ⅰ期包皮样品和Ⅱ期包皮样品之间无显著差异。通过细菌分离培养得到肺炎克雷伯菌（Klebsiella pneumonia）在内的多种潜在性致病菌。[结论] 本研究分析了大熊猫精液和不同时期包皮分泌物的菌群组成,其优势菌属存在差异,大熊猫包皮与精液中存在潜在性致病菌,这可能对大熊猫的生殖系统健康带来威胁,其致病性有待进一步研究。     

大熊猫源肺炎克雷伯菌耐药性和分子分型研究

【目的】对大熊猫源肺炎克雷伯菌进行耐药性及分子分型分析,掌握肺炎克雷伯菌在大熊猫圈养种群中的耐药和流行情况,指导临床用药。【方法】对2018–2019年收集到的178株大熊猫源肺炎克雷伯菌使用纸片扩散法(K-B法)分析耐药表型,使用Wafergen Smartchip超高通量荧光定量PCR法分析其耐药基因和可移动遗传元件,使用多位点序列分型(MLST)法分析其序列类型(ST)。【结果】178株大熊猫源肺炎克雷伯菌对多西环素耐药率最高(15.2%),而且2019年分离到的肺炎克雷伯菌对头孢噻肟、亚胺培南和阿奇霉素的耐药性显著高于2018年(P<0.05);检出耐药基因106种(106/227),可移动遗传元件11种(11/19),涉及的耐药机制主要为外排泵(42.0%)、抗生素失活(41.8%)和改变作用靶位(16.2%);MLST分型显示大熊猫源肺炎克雷伯菌主要分为42个不同的ST型,且ST型与耐药性具有一定的相关性。【结论】从2018年到2019年大熊猫源肺炎克雷伯菌对β-内酰胺类和大环内酯类抗生素耐药率有所增加,耐药机制以外排泵和抗生素失活为主。ST17、ST23和ST400...     

首例大熊猫睾丸精原细胞瘤的病理学诊断

In China, the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) is an endangered and rare national first-class protected animal with important research and ecological value. Tumor poses a serious threat to animal health. In this paper, a giant panda testicular tumor was diagnosed by macro and histopathologic examination, which aims to supplement the relevant data of giant panda tumor research, and also provides a reference for the diagnosis of giant panda tumor. Macro examination found that the testis was swollen about twice and the sheath was intact. The parenchyma was uniform in texture, grayish white with gray yellow caseous necrosis in the center. Histopathologically, the normal tissue structure of testis was lost and eroded by tumor cells. The tumor cells were similar to spermatogonia, round or polygonal, but with larger size, hyperchromatic cytoplasm and increased nuclear chromatin. Pathologic mitotic phases were found in tumor cells, and necrosis lesions with different sizes are distributed in tumor tissues. On the basis of macro and histopathologic examination results, the tumor was diagnosed as seminoma (also known as germ cell carcinoma), which is the first report of testicular seminoma in the giant panda.