脊髓性肌萎缩症SMN1基因2+0基因型携带者的家系研究

脊髓性肌萎缩症(spinal muscular atrophy, SMA)是一种儿童时期较为常见的神经肌肉病,属于常染色体隐性遗传。绝大多数SMA由运动神经元存活基因1 (survival motor neuron 1, SMN1)的纯合缺失突变所致。而SMN1的2+0基因型个体作为一种特殊的SMA携带者,给携带者筛查以及家系的遗传咨询带来了巨大的挑战。已有研究表明,g.27134T>G和g.27706_27707delAT多态位点变异对于Ashkenazi犹太人群中的2+0基因型个体具有提示作用。为进一步探究这两个多态位点是否在中国人群也具有特异性,本研究纳入了44例家系成员和204例已知SMN1基因拷贝数的对照样本。44例家系成员来自于9个无关的SMN1基因纯合缺失的SMA家系,先证者双亲之一疑似为2+0基因型携带者。利用多重连接探针扩增(multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification,MLPA)和短串联重复(short tandem repeat, STR)连锁分析进行基因型的鉴定以及多态位点的筛查,最终通过对家系三代成员或多子女家系两代成员的分析确定了9个家系中的10例个体为2+0基因型携带者,多态位点筛查显示1例携带3拷贝SMN1基因的个体同时存在g.27134T>G和g.27706_27707delAT多态位点的变异。因此,本研究通过对2+0基因型携带者的鉴定,为家系遗传病的诊断提供了精准的遗传咨询。g.27134T>G和g.27706_27707delAT多态位点可能与中国人群2+0基因型个体的关联度较低,尚需寻找中国人群特异的多态位点以提高2+0基因型携带者的检出率。     

掌褶纹遗传的家系调查

近年来,国外学者作了一些掌褶纹的研究 工作〔61,我国也作了一些民族〔1,和某些疾病〔2,31 的各型掌褶纹频率的研究。为了对人类掌褶纹 有较深人的了解,并对临床医学工作有所帮助, 本文初步探讨了人类掌褶纹的遗传问题。     

苯丙氨酸羟化酶（PAH）基因外显子7及其两侧内含子的突变研究

为探讨中国苯丙酮尿症（PKU）人群中苯丙氨酸羟化酶（PAH）基因外显子7的突变特征,对147例PKU患儿的294个PAH基因外显子7以及两侧部分内含子序列,应用PCR－单链构象多态性（SSCP）分析及基因序列分析的方法进行了筛查和确定。共发现13种突变基因：G239D、R241C、R241fs、R243Q、G247S、G247V、R252Q、L255S、R261Q、M276K、E280G、P281L、Ivs7+2T>A,其中7 种突变基因在中国PKU人群首次发现：G239D 、R241fs 、G247S 、E280G、L255S、R261Q、P281L,前4种在国际上尚未见到报道,并已提交到国际PAH突变数据库（www.pahdb.mcgill.ca）。突变基因的总频率为30.61%（90 /294）。突变涉及了错义、缺失、移码和剪接位点4种突变类型。结果明确了PAH基因外显子7的突变种类和分布等特征,表明外显子7是中国人PAH基因突变的热点区域。 Abstract: To study mutation in exon 7 of the gene for the phenylalanine hydroxylase（PAH）, the mutations in exon 7 and flanking sequence of PAH gene were detected by means of SSCP analysis and DNA sequencing, in 147 unrelated Chinese children with phynelketonuria and their parents. Thirteen different mutations, including 11 missense, 1 deletion and 1 splice mutation, were revealed in 90/294 mutant alleles (30.61%). The prevalent mutations were R243Q (22.8%) and Ivs7nt2t->a (2.38%). Seven novel mutations were identified: G239D, R241fsdelG, G247S, E280G, L255S, R261Q, P281L. These new mutations have not been described in Chinese PKU population and the first 4 mutants have not been reported and thus been submitted to www.pahdb,mcgill.ca. The missense was the most common type. The deletion and frameshift mutations were detected for the first time in Chinese PKU population. This study showed the mutation characteristics and their distribution in exon 7 of PAH gene and proved that the exon 7 was the hot region of PAH gene mutation in Chinese PKU population .