适当浓度的过氧化氢诱导人支气管上皮细胞发生钙振荡

包括过氧化氢（Hzoz）在内的活性氧通过引起细胞内钙的变化而造成细胞损伤。然而,不同浓度的H202可以导致细胞内不同的钙变化,并激活不同的信号通路。细胞内钙振荡是其中的一种钙信号变化形式,钙振荡可以调控转录因子NF—KB的活性。该研究探讨可以诱导支气管上皮细胞内钙振苏发生的H2o2浓度。体外培养人支气管上皮细胞,采取钙离子荧光探针Fura_2标记细胞。并使用离子成像系统,观测不同浓度的H：0：（0～1000μmol／L）作用下细胞内钙浓度的变化。结果发现,低于50μmol／L的H202仅仅引起“钙火花”;50～500μmol／L的H202导致细胞内钙振荡的发生;而1000μmol／L的H202引起细胞内持续的高钙;同时也证实150μmol／L的H202诱发明显的钙振荡,而钙振荡随后引起了NF—KB活性的升高。该研究提示,适当浓度的H：0：可以诱发支气管上皮细胞内钙振荡的发生,推测可能是活性氧导致慢性气道炎症损伤的一个机制。     

Blockage of glucocorticoid receptors during memory acquisition, retrieval and reconsolidation prevents the expression of morphine-induced conditioned place preferences in mice

Association between the reward caused by consuming drugs and the context in which they are consumed is essential in the formation of morphine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP). Glucocorticoid receptor (GRs) activation in different regions of the brain affects reward-based reinforcement and memory processing. A wide array of studies have demonstrated that blockage of GRs in some brain areas can have an effect on reward-related memory; however, to date there have been no systematic studies about the involvement of glucocorticoids (GCs) in morphine-related reward memory. Here, we used the GR antagonist RU38486 to investigate how GRs blockage affects the sensitization and CPP behavior during different phases of reward memory included acquisition, retrieval and reconsolidation. Interestingly, our results showed RU38486 has the ability to impair the acquisition, retrieval and reconsolidation of reward-based memory in CPP and sensitization behavior. But RU38486 by itself cannot induce CPP or conditioned place aversion (CPA) behavior. Our data provide a much more complete picture of the potential effects that glucocorticoids have on the reward memory of different phases and inhibit the sensitization behavior.     

Wild Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. strains have greater growth potential than a domesticated strain selected for fast growth

A study was undertaken to examine the responses of three Atlantic salmon Salmo salar strains to growth hormone (GH) treatment. A positive growth response to sustained-release GH implants was found in two wild strains (Namsen and Imsa) as well as one domesticated strain (AquaGen). The data revealed that the growth-selected AquaGen strain has further growth potential, however, a stronger growth response was observed in the wild strains which outgrew the domesticated strain after GH treatment. These observations suggest that some growth potential may have been lost during the selection for rapid growth in the AquaGen strain. In September, the parr were GH implanted and in December sampled for plasma GH and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) levels, liver, muscle and gill GH receptor, IGF-I mRNA levels, gill Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase activity, muscle and liver lipid content and body silvering. Low temperature and seasonal growth cessation probably explains the relatively limited GH effects found. Body silvering in all strains was positively correlated to size. GH increased IGF-I plasma levels in the Namsen strain inspite of liver IGF-I mRNA levels being lower in GH-treated fish.     

Non-parametric analysis of platelet lifespan

Abstract. A model-independent and elementary method of analysis of platelet survival is proposed. The method is based on the finding that the mean and standard deviation of the platelet lifespan can be expressed in the terms of the slope at time 0 and the area under the empirical platelet survival curve. The method is tested using Monte-Carlo simulations and then applied to a set of clinical data.     

Development of a Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assay for Porcine Circovirus Type 2

In this study, the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method was used to develop a rapid and simple detection system for porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2). According to the PCV2 sequences published in GenBank, multiple LAMP primers were designed targeting conserved sequences of PCV2. Using the DNA extracted from PCV2 isolates HUN-09 and SD-09 as the template, LAMP reactions in a PCV2 LAMP system was performed, the amplification products were detected by adding SYBR Green I and could be observed di...     

Behavior of free-ranging common dolphins (Delphinus sp.) in the Hauraki Gulf, New Zealand

Here we present the first data describing the behavior of common dolphins ( Delphinus sp.) in the Hauraki Gulf, New Zealand. Activity budgets are used to assess the effects of diel, season, depth, sea surface temperature, group size, and composition on dolphin behavior. Additionally, the presence/absence of Bryde's whale ( Balaenoptera brydei ) and Australasian gannet ( Morus serrator ) is examined in relation to dolphin behavior. Behavioral data were collected from 686 independent dolphin groups during boat-based surveys conducted between February 2002 and January 2005. Foraging (46.7%) and social (7.2%) were the most and least frequently observed behaviors, respectively. Travel (28.9%), mill (9.5%), and rest (7.7%) accounted for the remainder of the activity budget. Behavior varied seasonally, with the highest proportion of foraging and resting groups observed during the spring and autumn, respectively. Behavior also varied with water depth, with foraging animals observed in the deepest and resting groups recorded in the shallowest regions of the Hauraki Gulf. A correlation between group size and behavior was evident, although behavior did not vary with the composition of dolphin groups. Resting, milling, and socializing animals were more frequently observed in smaller group sizes. Foraging behavior was prevalent in both small and large group sizes, suggesting foraging plasticity exists within this population. Behavior differed between single- and multispecies groups, with foraging more frequent in multispecies groups. Resting, milling, or socializing was rarely observed in the presence of any associated species, indicating the primary mechanism for association is likely prey related.     

黄蜂胃部表皮黄色颗粒的微观形态与发育(英文)

东方大黄蜂（胡蜂）Vespa orientalis（膜翅目Vespinae属）的胃部表皮黄色颗粒位于黄色条纹区域。从黄色颗粒产生至在这一区域扩散,这个过程就是胃部黄颜色形成的过程。用几种电子显微镜研究了黄色颗粒的微观形态和发育过程。结果显示黄色颗粒由20—25 µm厚的一层组成,包括总表皮在内厚度约为40—45 µm。从上面看,在上述的区域能看到许多直径大约为0.5 µm周边光感受器细胞(PPC)。在每个黄色颗粒,能观察到一个肌样包膜,它位于一个由9根原纤维组装而成的圆圈内部。黄色颗粒成熟的过程包含通过导管的渗透增加初生黄色粒子数量,这些初生粒子又发育或增生成次生粒子,次生粒子逐渐布满整个区域。在这些黄色粒子层内可产生类似于肝的功能活动。