光照和温度对氮饥饿及饱和营养条件下石莼(Ulva lactuca)的硝态氮吸收动力学影响

为探讨海藻养分吸收能力并以高效养分过滤器筛选为目标,以N饥饿和N饱和的石莼为材料,研究了3种光照及温度因子及其交互作用对不同N素营养限制状态下石莼NO3-吸收动力学特征的影响。结果表明:N饱和条件下,随着光照的增强,石莼对NO3-的最大吸收速率也增加;30℃条件下,光照强度的增加虽然使得其最大吸收速率提高,但Vmax/Km在中等光强下最大;20℃最有利于石莼对NO3-的吸收。N饥饿条件下,石莼对NO3-的吸收速率显著大于非饥饿状态。在10℃和20℃条件下,呈现与N饱和条件下相似的规律,但在30℃条件下,中等光强石莼对NO3-的最大吸收速率最高。在10℃和20℃条件下,增加光强促进石莼对NO3-的吸收,但30℃条件下光强的增加并未起到促进作用。饥饿状态下的石莼的NO3-吸收速率较高,当石莼吸收NO3-饱和时,依然可以以较低的速率继续吸收环境中的NO3-。     

芦荟蒽醌类物质提取工艺的研究

以提取物中蒽醌类物质含量综合评价,利用正交实验比较了浸提、超声提取和索氏提取优选库拉索（Aloe vera L．）中蒽醌类物质的最佳提取工艺条件,为芦荟蒽醌类物质的开发提供科学依据和实验基础。从而得出最佳提取方法为超声提取,最佳醇沉工艺条件为：幼叶叶皮60目,乙醇40℃超声45min。     

Joint Report of the Third International Bovine Lymphocyte Antigen (BoLA) Workshop, Helsinki, Finland, 27 July 1986

Summary. Two hundred and eighty-two alloantisera were submitted by 20 participating laboratories from 13 countries and tested against lymphocytes of 1298 cattle. The cell panel consisted of samples from 38 Bos taurus breeds, 11 Bos taurus crossbreeds, 4 Bos indicus breeds, 6 Bos taurus X Bos indicus , and a variety of other crossbred populations. Using a standardized lymphocytotoxicity test, all 17 previously identified BoLA specificities were confirmed. The workshop produced agreement on 16 new lymphocyte alloantigenic specificities. Three of the new specificities behaved as splits of previously identified BoLA specificities. Four of the new specificities behaved as alleles at the agreed BoLA-A locus. Seven new specificities are tentatively assigned to the BoLA-A locus but require further definition. Two new specificities may represent products of a second closely-linked BoLA locus.     

Soils,a sink for N2O? A review

Soils are the main sources of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N₂O). The N₂O emission at the soil surface is the result of production and consumption processes. So far, research has concentrated on net N₂O production. However, in the literature, there are numerous reports of net negative fluxes of N₂O, (i.e. fluxes from the atmosphere to the soil). Such fluxes are frequent and substantial and cannot simply be dismissed as experimental noise.
Net N₂O consumption has been measured under various conditions from the tropics to temperate areas, in natural and agricultural systems. Low mineral N and large moisture contents have sometimes been found to favour N₂O consumption. This fits in with denitrification as the responsible process, reducing N₂O to N₂. However, it has also been reported that nitrifiers consume N₂O in nitrifier denitrification. A contribution of various processes could explain the wide range of conditions found to allow N₂O consumption, ranging from low to high temperatures, wet to dry soils, and fertilized to unfertilized plots. Generally, conditions interfering with N₂O diffusion in the soil seem to enhance N₂O consumption. However, the factors regulating N₂O consumption are not yet well understood and merit further study.
Frequent literature reports of net N₂O consumption suggest that a soil sink could help account for the current imbalance in estimated global budgets of N₂O. Therefore, a systematic investigation into N₂O consumption is necessary. This should concentrate on the organisms, reactions, and environmental factors involved.     

NaCl胁迫对长春花幼苗离子分布和光合作用的影响

以0、50、100、150、200和250mmol·L^-1NaCl的1／2Hoagland营养液处理长春花（Catharanthus roseus）幼苗5d,测定其生物量,根、茎及叶中不同组织细胞中无机离子相对含量,叶绿素含量及光合生理指标。结果表明：NaCl能显著降低长春花幼苗的鲜质量和干质量;对根、茎和叶片横切面X射线徽区分析表明,NaCl胁迫导致长春花体内各组织细胞中Na^＋和Cl^-相对含量显著增加,但在各器官、组织中分布稍有不同：与对照相比,根和茎中都是表皮细胞中增加幅度最大,中柱细胞次之,皮层细胞最低;在叶片中亦是表皮细胞增加幅度最大,依次是皮层细胞、海绵组织细胞及栅栏组织细胞。NaCl胁迫下,K^＋和Ca^2＋相对含量对其的响应特征在不同器官中亦不相同：与对照相比,在根和茎皮层及中柱细胞中的下降幅度低于表皮;而叶中则是栅栏组织细胞最低。盐胁迫能够抑制长春花幼苗生长,打破其体内的离子平衡,但植物为降低盐胁迫的伤害而将过多的Na^＋和Cl^-聚集于表皮细胞。NaCl胁迫下,长春花幼苗叶绿素含量、光合速率（Pn）、细胞间隙CO2浓度（Ci）、气孔导度（Gs）、蒸腾速率（Tr）显著降低,气孔限制值（Ls）升高,说明气孔限制是降低长春花幼苗光合速率的主要因素。     

高效液相色谱-电化学(库仑电极)阵列检测海水处理对菊芋幼苗体内氯原酸及小分子物质的影响

以不同浓度海水处理菊芋幼苗体,利用高效液相色谱-电化学(库仑电极)阵列检测技术检测不同处理时间植物体内氯原酸及小分子物质的差异.结果表明:0%海水处理下氯原酸含量变化不显著,而15%和30%海水处理下氯原酸含量变化显著,15%海水处理下在1 h时较2 h和3 h时高,而30%海水处理下在3 h时较1 h和2 h时高.处理后菊芋幼苗体植株产生的其他一些未知的小分子物质尚有待定性和进一步考察其变化规律.     

NaHCO3胁迫下外源海藻糖对南蛇藤几种与抗逆性有关的生理生化指标变化的影响

NaHCO3胁迫下叶面喷施海藻糖(trehalose,TR)的南蛇藤叶中活性氧(O2和H2O2)产生速率、丙二醛(MDA)含量以及电解质外渗率显著下降(P<0.05),超氧化物歧化酶(SOD),过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD),抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)和谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)活性以及抗坏血酸(AsA)和还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量明显提高.显示外源海藻糖可在一定程度上提高NaHCO3胁迫下的南蛇藤叶细胞膜保护功能,减少叶中活性氧的积累,抑制脂质过氧化,从而提高南蛇藤抗NaHCO3胁迫的能力.     

复合诱变在青霉高产菊粉酶菌株选育中的应用

以Penicillium sp．B01为出发菌株,经吖黄素或DES（硫酸二乙酯）分别与^60Co-γ射线对其孢子悬液进行复合诱变。经过初筛和复筛,在30μg／mL吖黄素诱变时间2h,剂量率为4．11Gy／min的^60Co-γ射线辐射使累计剂量为20．55Gy复合诱变的条件下,筛选出一株菊粉酶活比出发菌株高32％的突变菌株B01-A13-Co31。经同工酶电泳验证,变异株与出发菌株相比酶带有所变化。将此菌种连续传代6次进行产酶性能的稳定性测定,表明此菌株具有良好的遗传稳定性。     

In situ interactions between the effects of season,current velocity and pollution on a river biofilm

1. The development of periphytic algae and bacteria is controlled by a combination of interacting biotic processes and abiotic factors. Distinguishing between the selection pressure resulting from pollution and that of natural environmental factors is therefore one of the most critical aspects of assessing the impact of pollutants on the diversity and function of benthic microbial communities in natural ecosystems. 2. We studied how current velocity and season affect the ability of river biofilms to cope with complex chemical pollution. We compared the diversity, structure and production of periphytic algae and bacteria from four sampling zones with differing chemical water quality levels and different flow velocities over the course of two seasons (summer and winter). 3. The three factors tested all influenced biofilm development, but this depended on the biological variable being measured. Bacterial and algal densities were highly dependent on season and chemical water quality. Algal density was lower in summer than in winter, but bacterial density and production increased from upstream (reference) to downstream (polluted), and this increase was more marked in winter. The impact of chemical water quality was also dependent on the season. 4. An interaction between current velocity and pollution was also detected. During the summer, there was no difference in bacterial density or production between the upstream and downstream segments in the fast current zones, whereas both variables were higher downstream in the slow current zones. Such interactions between environmental factors and the impact of water quality on biofilms must be taken into account in assessments of the effects of chemicals on biofilm community structure and functioning in rivers.