Activity Characteristics and Tyrosinase Inhibition Mechanism of a Silk Fibroin Oligopeptide and Cordyceps Polysaccharide Composite

International Journal of Peptide Research and Therapeutics - Silk fibroin is an excellent raw material for medical products as it shows remarkable biocompatibility, water-based processing, and...     

中国巢鼠属分类与分布的讨论

巢鼠属（Micromys Dehne,1841）隶属于啮齿目（Rodentia）鼠科（Muridae）,是最小的啮齿动物之一。此前的研究显示该属包含巢鼠（M.minutus）和红耳巢鼠（M.erythrotis）两个物种,但由于数据缺乏,红耳巢鼠的有效种地位仍存争议,且两个物种在中国的地理分布也不确定。本研究在安徽清凉峰国家级自然保护区采集到一批巢鼠属标本,经形态与分子学鉴定发现其包含巢鼠和红耳巢鼠两个物种,它们在清凉峰海拔1 600 m处同域分布,支持红耳巢鼠的有效种地位。基于安徽清凉峰巢鼠和红耳巢鼠的外形特点,本文对国家动物标本资源库的巢鼠属照片进行了分析,并结合相关文献资料,对中国巢鼠属的地理分布进行了整理,同时绘制了地理分布图。结果显示：在我国巢鼠主要分布在黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、内蒙古、河北、陕西、甘肃、新疆、江苏、安徽、浙江、湖南、江西、广东、福建、台湾;红耳巢鼠主要分布在云南、四川、陕西、湖北、西藏、贵州、重庆、安徽、福建、广西;两者在安徽清凉峰和陕西镇巴县、城固县皆有分布。此外,分子系统学分析显示,我国巢鼠属多样性仍被低估,极有可能存在未知的分类单元,巢鼠属的分类研究工作仍需加强。     

盐度和淹水对长江口潮滩盐沼植物碳储量的影响

盐生植物是盐沼有机碳储存的"临时库",也是土壤有机碳累积的主要来源,其碳储量大小对盐沼生态系统"碳汇"功能的发挥十分重要。以长江口潮滩本地种芦苇(Phragmites australis)和海三棱藨草(Scirpus mariqueter),及入侵种互花米草(Spartina alterniflora)为研究对象,采用单因素盆栽实验,模拟分析淹水盐度(0、5、10、15、25和35)、淹水深度(0、10、20、40、60cm和80cm)和淹水频率(每天、每3天、每7天、每10天和每15天)变化对各盐生植物地上、地下和总体碳储量大小的影响。研究结果表明,随着淹水盐度增加,芦苇、互花米草和海三棱藨草地上部分与总体碳储量均显著降低。土壤盐度可分别解释其地上部分碳储量变异的47.2%、66.5%和72.7%,与总体碳储量变异的34.7%、45.0%和62.0%。随着淹水深度增加,芦苇地上部分、总体碳储量和海三棱藨草地上部分碳储量均显著降低,其变异的68.6%、28.5%和71.1%可由淹水深度变化(10—80cm)解释。互花米草在80cm淹水深度下仍有较高的地上部分碳储量和总体碳储量。3种盐生植物碳储量对淹水频率变化的响应差异均不显著,所有处理地下部分碳储量差异也未达到显著水平。总体而言,互花米草对水盐胁迫的耐受性要强于本地种芦苇和海三棱藨草。尽管互花米草和芦苇具有相对较高的碳储量,但水盐胁迫对其碳储量的显著抑制作用不容忽视。海三棱藨草碳储量本就不高,输入土壤的有机碳量较为有限,海平面上升及盐水入侵等逆境胁迫会使其对盐沼"碳汇"贡献更加微弱。     

中国啮齿类一属、种新纪录——道氏东京鼠

正Musser等(2006)根据在越南东北部谅山省Huu Lien自然保护区(北纬21°40'52″,东经106°20'28″)采集的14号标本描述了新属新种:道氏东京鼠(Tonkinomys daovantieni),隶属于啮齿目(Rodentia)鼠科(Muridae)鼠亚科(Murinae),正模标本(AMNH:275618)现保存于美国自然历史博物馆,目前该属为单型属。由于发现时间较     

The therapeutic effect of bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells on osteoarthritis is improved by the activation of the KDM6A/SOX9 signaling pathway caused by exposure to hypoxia

Abnormal expression of KDM6A and SOX9 is a key factor in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA). Cellular treatments of OA with articular cartilage chondrocytes (ACCs) and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are promising, but their underlying mechanisms remain to be explored. The pellet size, weight and sulfated glycosaminoglycan/DNA content of ACCs were measured to evaluate the effect of BMSCs on the chondrogenic differentiation of SCCs. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to analyze the proliferation of ACCs cultured along or cocultured with BMSCs. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was performed to evaluate the messenger RNA expression of KDM6A, SOX9, type2 collagen, and Aggrecan in ACCs and OA rats. Western blot and immunohistochemistry were performed to analyze the expression of KDM6A and SOX9 proteins. Bisulfite sequencing PCR was performed to assess the DNA methylation level of the SOX9 promoter. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate the apoptotic status of ACCs. The chondrogenic differentiation of ACCs was significantly enhanced by coculturing with BMSCs, especially under a hypoxic condition. The expression of KDM6A, SOX9, type2 collagen, and Aggrecan was remarkably elevated in ACCs cocultured with BMSCs. Also, the DNA methylation of SOX9 promoter was decreased in ACCs cocultured with BMSCs, along with notably reduced apoptosis. Moreover, ACCs cocultured with BMSCs could repair cartilage lesions and prevent the abnormal expression of KDM6A, SOX9, type2 collagen, and Aggrecan in OA rats. In this study, we cocultured ACCs with BMSCs and used them to treat OA rats. Our findings presented a mechanistic basis for explaining the therapeutic effect of BMSCs on OA treatment.     

人白介素6受体胞外区三维结构的同源模拟

IL-6受体是造血因子超家族成员,其胞外区细胞因子结合结构域（CBD）是受体结合配基和偶联gp130转导IL-6信号的功能域.据预测,IL-6R功能域的β片层折叠模式和人生长激素受体（hGH-R）及CD₄的晶体结构十分相似.应用计算机同源模拟技术,以hGH-R和CD₄的三维结构为模板,模建了hIL-6R功能域（106～322位）的三维结构,初步描述了其结构保守区的构象特征.文章研究模建的hIL-6R三维结构模式为探讨可溶性IL-6R点突变的结果,以及进行三维定量分析IL-6R胞外区功能域的构效关系提供了空间结构基础.     

Efficacy and Safety of Transcutaneous Electrical Acupoint Stimulation to Treat Muscle Spasticity following Brain Injury: A Double-Blinded,Multicenter, Randomized Controlled Trial

ObjectiveThis study was aimed at evaluating the clinical efficacy and safety of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) to treat muscle spasticity after brain injury (Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR-TRC-11001310).MethodsA total of 60 patients with muscle spasticity after brain injury were randomized to the following 3 groups: 100, 2, and 0 Hz (sham) TEAS. The acupoints Hegu (LI4)—Yuji (LU10) and Zusanli (ST36)—Chengshan (BL57) on the injured side were stimulated at 0, 2, or 100 Hz, 5 times per week for 4 weeks. The patients were followed up for 1 and 2 months after the treatments. The effects of the treatments on muscle spasticity at the wrist, thumb, the other 4 fingers, elbow, shoulder, knee, and ankle were evaluated by the Modified Ashworth Scale, and the effects on disability were assessed by the Disability Assessment Scale. The walking capability was evaluated by the Holden functional ambulation classification score. The overall performance was assessed by the Global Assessment Scale score and the improved Barthel Index. The safety of the treatments administered was also monitored.ResultsThe wrist spasticity was significantly reduced from baseline at weeks 2, 3, and 4 of treatment and at the 1- and 2-month follow-up visits in the 100 Hz group (P < 0.01). Compared with 2 Hz or sham TEAS, 100 Hz TEAS decreased wrist spasticity at weeks 2, 3, and 4 of treatment and 1 month after treatment (P < 0.001). The other endpoints were not affected by the treatments. No treatment-emergent adverse events were reported during treatments and follow-up visits.ConclusionsTEAS appears to be a safe and effective therapy to relieve muscle spasticity after brain injury, although large-scale studies are required to further verify the findings.

Trial Registration

Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR-TRC-11001310 http://www.chictr.org     

中国兽类名录(2021版)

中国是全球兽类物种多样性最高的国家之一,掌握我国兽类物种多样性和分类地位是兽类学研究的基础前提,也是科学保护野生种群的前提。为厘清中国兽类的物种数量及分类地位等关键分类学信息,中国动物学会兽类学分会组织国内长期致力于兽类各类群分类的科学研究人员,在总结前人研究的基础上,根据最新的形态学和分子遗传学证据,综合现代兽类分类学家意见,经编委会充分讨论,形成了最新的中国兽类名录,包括我国现阶段兽类12目59科254属686种。该中国兽类名录使用基于系统发生关系的分类系统,并对物种有效性进行了充分慎重的确认和讨论。