An auto-inducible expression and high cell density fermentation of Beefy Meaty Peptide with Bacillus subtilis

Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering - Currently, some cases about the expression of flavor peptides with microorganisms were reported owing to the obvious advantages of biological expression over...     

人工降雨对湿地植物叶表面颗粒物滞留的影响

现阶段植物滞尘作为治理大气颗粒物污染的有效方法已被广泛接受与应用。已有研究表明,降雨等方式对植物叶表面颗粒物的滞留有着显著的影响,可有效地将颗粒物从叶表面去除,使植物再次具有滞留颗粒物的能力。由于自然降雨难以量化,现有研究大多采用模拟降雨的方式,将降雨特性量化为降雨强度、降雨历时等可控变量,但较少将降雨高度这一变量纳入研究。且大多以森林生态系统或者城市生态系统中常见的乔、灌、草等植物为主要研究对象,而忽略了处于水陆过渡带的湿地生态系统中植物的特殊性。湿地生态系统不仅可通过植物叶片等结构滞留颗粒物,还可依靠增强空气相对湿度促进颗粒物的吸收和积累,导致湿地植物滞尘规律的特殊性。因此,选择北京地区湿地生态系统内的4种常见植物（香蒲、菖蒲、芦苇和黄花鸢尾）作为研究对象,通过人工模拟降雨的方式,将降雨特性量化为降雨高度与降雨强度两个变量,共设置1 m （11 m）、2 m （10 m）两个不同降雨高度,30 mm/h、45 mm/h、60 mm/h三种不同降雨强度,并将颗粒物划分粗颗粒物（10—100 μm）、细颗粒物（3—10 μm）、超细颗粒物（0.4—3 μm）三种粒径范围。通过滤膜法获得单位叶面积颗粒物去除量,探讨人工降雨对湿地植物叶表面颗粒物滞留的影响。主要研究结果如下：（1）颗粒物去除量在粗颗粒物（10—100 μm）粒径范围内最高;（2）所试4种湿地植物中,菖蒲的颗粒物去除量位居前列;（3）只有在一定的范围内,植物叶表面颗粒物去除量才随降雨强度的增加而增加;（4）不同降雨高度下所试湿地植物叶表面颗粒物去除量无明显规律,降雨高度之间无显著差异（P>0.05）。     

益智不同组织多糖含量及其生物合成途径分析

为了解益智（Alpinia oxyphylla）多糖生物合成途径关键酶功能,对其茎、叶、果实中的多糖含量及其单糖组成进行了研究,并采用Real-Time qPCR分析了益智多糖生物合成关键酶基因的表达模式。结果表明,益智多糖含量依次为果实 > 叶 > 茎,主要由葡萄糖、木糖、甘露糖、半乳糖和阿拉伯糖组成;利用益智转录组数据共获得47 690条unigenes,其中31 892条在NR、Swiss-Prot、KEGG、COG、KOG、GO和Pfam数据库获得注释,其中208个unigenes参与益智多糖的生物合成,涉及15个酶。表达分析表明,所筛选的18个基因在茎、叶、果实中均有表达,14个基因在果实中的表达量最高,以糖基转移酶基因和UDP-葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶基因的表达量最高,且其表达模式与不同组织中葡萄糖含量的变化一致。     

p120-catenin suppresses proliferation and tumor growth of oral squamous cell carcinoma via inhibiting nuclear phospholipase C-γ1 signaling

p120-catenin (p120) serves as a stabilizer of the calcium-dependent cadherin-catenin complex and loss of p120 expression has been observed in several types of human cancers. The p120-dependent E-cadherin-β-catenin complex has been shown to mediate calcium-induced keratinocyte differentiation via inducing activation of plasma membrane phospholipase C-γ1 (PLC-γ1). On the other hand, PLC-γ1 has been shown to interact with phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase enhancer in the nucleus and plays a critical role in epidermal growth factor-induced proliferation of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells. To determine whether p120 suppresses OSCC proliferation and tumor growth via inhibiting PLC-γ1, we examined effects of p120 knockdown or p120 and PLC-γ1 double knockdown on proliferation of cultured OSCC cells and tumor growth in xenograft OSCC in mice. The results showed that knockdown of p120 reduced levels of PLC-γ1 in the plasma membrane and increased levels of PLC-γ1 and its signaling in the nucleus in OSCC cells and OSCC cell proliferation as well as xenograft OSCC tumor growth. However, double knockdown of p120 and PLC-γ1 or knockdown of PLC-γ1 alone did not have any effect. Immunohistochemical analysis of OSCC tissue from patients showed a lower expression level of p120 and a higher expression level of PLC-γ1 compared with that of adjacent noncancerous tissue. These data indicate that p120 suppresses OSCC cell proliferation and tumor growth by inhibiting signaling mediated by nuclear PLC-γ1.     

Microbial succession in the traditional Chinese Luzhou-flavor liquor fermentation process as evaluated by SSU rRNA profiles

The community succession of microbes inhabited in the fermenting lees of Luzhou-flavor liquor was investigated based on small-subunit rRNA culture independent method. All sequences recovered from fermenting lees respectively fell into the genera of Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, Bacillus, Staphylococcus, Clostridium, Pelobacter, Actobacter, Serratia, Burkholderia, Rhodoccous, Corynebacterium, Arthrobacter, Microbacterium, Curtobacterium, Leptotrichia, Methanocuuleus, Saccharomyces, Zygosaccharomyces, Saccharomycopsis, Pichia, Talaromyces, Aspergillus, Eurotium, Fomitopsis and Trichosporon. The fungal Pichia, Saccharomycopsis and Talaromyces were most abundant in the lees fermented for 1 day, the fungal Eurotium and the bacteria Burkholderia, Streptococcus and Lactobacillus were dominant in the lees fermented for 7 days, only the bacteria Lactobacillus, Burkholderia were prevalent in the lees fermented for 60 days. Most genera almost existed in the fermenting lees, while their distributions were significantly different in 1, 7 and 60 days fermented lees. The prokaryotic community similarity coefficient was from 0.5000 to 0.5455 and followed to 0.1523, and that of eukaryotic community was from 0.5466 to 0.5259 and to 0.3750 when compared at species level. These results suggested that many microbes in lees have community successions associated with fermenting and that such successions maybe contribute the fermentation process of Luzhou-flavor liquor and is main reasons that the characteristic flavor factors are produced.     

Remediation of Nitrogen-Contaminated Sediment Using Bioreactive,Thin-layer Capping with Biozeolite

In situ amendment of nitrogen-contaminated sediment using bioreactive, thin-layer capping (BTC) with biozeolite (i.e., zeolite with heterotrophic nitrifiers as well as aerobic denitrifiers attached) was studied herein. BTC with biozeolite for nitrogen-contaminated sediment management was evaluated through long-term (170 days) sediment incubation laboratory experiments. The results showed that BTC with relatively small dose rates (<10 kg m^?2) of biozeolite reduced the total nitrogen (TN) concentration in overlying water by over 90%, so it was effective in reducing the amount of N released from sediment. Higher-dose rates of biozeolite capping achieved an even higher removal efficiency. With the DO concentration of 1.5 ～ 6.5 mg L^?1 in overlying water, the reduction efficiency of TN in overlying water using BTC was higher than that less than 1 mg L^?1. In BTC systems, biological regeneration (i.e., heterotrophic nitrifiers attached to zeolite can regenerate the zeolite ion exchange capacity for ammonium) occurred in biozeolite which was saturated with ammonium during the nitrification period. In addition, TN contents in surface sediment in BTC systems were reduced at different levels after the experiment. These findings indicate that the BTC can be a feasible remedial approach to reduce N in overlying water and sediment in eutrophic water bodies. In the BTC, N load was reduced by the added biozeolite through adsorbing ammonium (NH₄⁺-N), converting NH₄⁺-N into nitrate nitrogen (NO₃^?-N) and nitrogen gas (N₂), and assimilating inorganic nitrogen.     

Nitrogen fertilizers promote plant growth and assist in manganese (Mn) accumulation by Polygonum pubescens Blume cultured in Mn tailings soil

Abstract

This study examined how different nitrogen (N) forms and application levels promote plant growth and assist in manganese (Mn) remediation of Polygonum pubescens Blume (P. pubescens) cultured in soil with a high Mn level. The effects of ammonium chloride (a) and urea (u), at three application levels (10, 20, and 30?mg L^?1 N) and control (no N addition, CK) on the growth, Mn accumulation, and enzymatic anti-oxidative defenses of P. pubescens were examined. In general, both ammonium-N and urea-N promoted the plant mass and height of P. pubescens. The total Mn amount of roots, stems, and leaves in N treatments were higher (p?<?0.05) than that of CK. The ammonium-N treatments showed greater plant biomass and Mn accumulation compared to the urea-N ones. In general, the accumulations of Mn, Cr, Zn, and Cu were significantly lower (p?<?0.05) in the N fertilizer treatment than those in the control; while the accumulations of Pb were higher (p?<?0.05) in P. pubescens across all N fertilizer treatments than those in the control. The N addition decreased the contents of O₂^? and H₂O₂ in the leaves of P. pubescens, while increasing the activities of enzymatic anti-oxidative defenses.     

泸型酒酒醅细菌群落的发酵演替规律

【目的】考察泸型酒发酵过程中酒醅细菌群落的演替规律,探讨菌群演替与环境因素变化的相关性。【方法】采用高通量测序技术分析泸型酒酒醅细菌群落的演替规律,并运用Mantel test分析不同发酵阶段的细菌群落演替与环境因素变化的相关性。【结果】酒醅发酵过程中有397个属的微生物,其中Lactobacillus、Bacillus、Weissella、Dysgonomonas、Comamonas以及Ruminococcaceae为优势属(相对丰度1.0%)。通过聚类分析可将酒醅发酵过程划分为3个阶段:阶段I (0–5 d),阶段II (6–17 d)和阶段III(18–40d),且3个阶段的酒醅菌群结构差异显著(P0.05)。Metastats分析结果表明,与阶段I相比,阶段II酒醅细菌群落中Lactobacillus和unclassifiedLactobacillaceae相对丰度显著升高(P0.05),而unclassifiedBacillaceae、 Staphylococcus、 Bacillus、 unclassified Enterobacteriaceae、 Lactococcus、Pseudomonas、Thermoactinomyces、Leuconostoc、Staphylococcus相对丰度显著降低(P0.05)。与阶段II相比,阶段III酒醅细菌群落中Lactobacillus相对丰度显著增长(P0.05),Comamonas、Acetobacter、unclassified Bacilli、Clostridium、Bacillus、Ruminococcus、unclassified Porphyromonadaceae和unclassified Streptophyta相对丰度显著下降(P0.05)。结果表明,阶段I的细菌菌群演替与酒醅温度、水分和乙醇浓度变化线性相关(P0.05);阶段II和阶段III的细菌菌群演替与酒醅温度、水分、酸度、乙醇浓度均没有相关性(P0.05)。【结论】泸型酒酒醅中细菌群落在不同发酵阶段结构差异显著,且温度、水分以及乙醇浓度对酒醅发酵前期(0–5 d)细菌群落演替具有重要作用。     

β-Galactosidase production by the psychrotolerant yeast Guehomyces pullulans 17-1 isolated from sea sediment in Antarctica and lactose hydrolysis

A psychrotolerant yeast Guehomyces pullulans 17-1 was isolated from sea sediment in Antarctica. It was found that it could yield both extracellular and cell-bound β-galactosidase. After optimization of the medium and cultivation conditions, it was found that the yeast strain produced over 17.2 U mL⁻¹ of β-galactosidase activity within 120 h at the flask level while the yeast strain produced over 25.3 U mL⁻¹ of β-galactosidase activity within 144 h during the 2-L fermentation. This is the highest β-galactosidase activity produced by the wild type yeast strains reported so far. However, the optimal pH and temperature for the crude β-galactosidase were 4.0 and 50 °C, respectively. Lactose could be converted into glucose and galactose and a large amount of reducing sugar could be released from milk under catalysis of the yeast culture.