慢性活动型EB病毒感染的致病机理研究进展

慢性活动型EB病毒(Epstein Barr virus,EBV)感染(chronic active EBV infection,CAEBV)是一类EBV相关的T/NK淋巴细胞增殖性疾病(Epstein Barr virus-associated T/NK-cell lymphoproliferative diseases,EBV~+T/NK-cell LPD),以持续反复的类似传染性单核细胞增多症(infectious mononucleosis,IM)临床病征和EBV感染细胞的克隆性增殖为主要特征,在临床上具有较高的发病率和致死率.目前对于CAEBV与其他各类EBV相关的T/NK淋巴细胞增殖性疾病之间的界定以及致病机理的研究仍处于发展阶段,临床上对于该类疾病的治疗也无完全有效的手段.本文主要从EBV如何感染T/NK细胞、EBV相关的病毒学研究、机体自身遗传及免疫背景几方面,综述了目前对于CAEBV致病机理的研究进展,旨在为进一步研究提供思路和线索.     

艾叶精油对玉米螟赤眼蜂的影响及两者对米蛾的联合作用

玉米螟赤眼蜂是生物防治中一种重要的天敌昆虫,为探明艾叶精油对玉米螟赤眼蜂的影响及两者对米蛾的联合防治效果,本文研究了艾叶精油熏蒸、触杀、驱避活性对玉米螟赤眼蜂的影响及艾叶精油和玉米螟赤眼蜂对米蛾的联合作用。结果表明,艾叶精油熏蒸和触杀处理对玉米螟赤眼蜂卵具有明显影响,寄生在米蛾卵上的玉米螟赤眼蜂卵经0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5、0.6μg/cm3艾叶精油熏蒸处理72h后玉米螟赤眼蜂的羽化率分别为56.67%、49.33%、44.00%、33.33%、26.00%和14.67%;寄生在米蛾卵上的玉米螟赤眼蜂卵经100、200、300、400、500、600mg/L艾叶精油触杀处理72h后玉米螟赤眼蜂的羽化率分别为54.00%、45.33%、38.00%、28.67%、18.00%和6.00%,均与对照组表现出显著性差异。艾叶精油驱避活性对玉米螟赤眼蜂成蜂也有明显的影响,300mg/L艾叶精油对玉米螟赤眼蜂的驱避率79.05%,随着时间间隔和距离间隔的增加,这种影响作用降低;联合应用艾叶精油与玉米螟赤眼蜂时先释放玉米螟赤眼蜂,24h后再滴加艾叶精油的防治效果最佳,米蛾的死亡率可高达96%。     

Ultrasound／Microbubble Enhances Foreign Gene Expression in ECV304 Cells and Murine Myocardium

The success of gene therapy is largely dependent onthe development of vectors or vehicles that can selectivelyand efficiently deliver a therapeutic gene to cells or targetissues with minimal toxicity. Viruses are efficient transducing vectors. However, the safety concerns regardingthe use of virus vector in human make nonviral deliverysystem an attractive focus. Nonviral vectors are particularly suitable with respect to the simplicity of use, possibility of large-scale production and lack of s…     

温度对马铃薯棉蚜生长发育及种群增长的影响

采用新叶圆片法,研究了不同恒温(10℃、15℃、20℃、25℃和30℃)条件下马铃薯棉蚜的发育历期、存活率、生殖力及种群生命表参数。结果表明:棉蚜在马铃薯上的各龄历期和成蚜寿命及产仔期随温度的升高而缩短,世代历期、成蚜寿命和产仔期分别从10℃的17.72 d、53.03 d和26.18 d下降到30℃的4.77 d、14.60 d和6.84 d。完成1代需要的有效积温为110.84日度,发育起点温度为4.56℃。总产仔量在15℃-25℃范围内最高(63.29-69.36头),其次为10℃(40.00头);日均产仔量在25℃时最高(5.61头/日),其次为20℃(3.47头/日)和30℃(3.35头/日)。除在10℃时为Deevey-II型存活曲线外,在其它温度下均为Deevey-I型存活曲线。根据内禀增长率大小排序,25℃是马铃薯棉蚜生长发育、存活、繁殖及种群增长的最适温度,其后依次为30℃、20℃、15℃和10℃。     

生长因子诱导人脐带/胎盘间充质干细胞定向分化

近年来,间充质干细胞(mesenchymal stem cell,MSC)已成为干细胞领域的研究热点,其不仅支持造血系统,还可在特定的培养条件下向多种组织细胞分化。人脐带和胎盘来源的MSC取材容易,较骨髓间充质干细胞有更广泛的应用前景。本文就含有特定生长因子的培养基诱导人脐带MSC和人胎盘MSC定向分化的研究进展作一简要的综述。     

银耳碱提多糖的纯化、化学表征及其抗氧化作用的研究(英文)

研究银耳孢子发酵物中的多糖类化学成分,并探讨了分离得到的一个多糖组分的抗氧化活性。银耳孢子发酵粉用热水煮提除去水溶性组分后,再采用0.5 mol.L-1的氢氧化钠溶液提取,Sevage法除蛋白,用乙醇沉淀得到粗多糖。粗多糖经DEAE-32-纤维素和Sephadex G-200分离纯化得到分布均一的多糖TFBP-A。糖组成分析显示,TFBP-A单糖组成为:甘露糖:半乳糖:葡萄糖,摩尔比为90∶5∶5;HPGPC测定TFBP-A分子量为58962。TFBP-A的抗氧化活性实验显示:在H2O2引起的红细胞溶血试验中,以蒸馏水抑制率为0%计算,TFBP-A抑制率为78.6%;在超氧阴离子自由基的清除作用实验中,TFBP-A最高抑制率为53%;在清除羟基自由基实验中,TFBP-A的EC50为0.191 mg.mL-1。从银耳孢子发酵物中用碱液提取得到的多糖组分TFBP-A为酸性杂多糖,重均分子量为58962,且具有一定的抗氧化活性。     

Evidence That High Activity of Vacuolar Invertase Is Required for Cotton Fiber and Arabidopsis Root Elongation through Osmotic Dependent and Independent Pathways,Respectively

Vacuolar invertase (VIN) has long been considered as a major player in cell expansion. However, direct evidence for this view is lacking due, in part, to the complexity of multicellular plant tissues. Here, we used cotton (Gossypium spp.) fibers, fast-growing single-celled seed trichomes, to address this issue. VIN activity in elongating fibers was approximately 4-6-fold higher than that in leaves, stems, and roots. It was undetectable in fiberless cotton seed epidermis but became evident in initiating fibers and remained high during their fast elongation and dropped when elongation slowed. Furthermore, a genotype with faster fiber elongation had significantly higher fiber VIN activity and hexose levels than a slow-elongating genotype. By contrast, cell wall or cytoplasmic invertase activities did not show correlation with fiber elongation. To unravel the molecular basis of VIN-mediated fiber elongation, we cloned GhVIN1, which displayed VIN sequence features and localized to the vacuole. Once introduced to Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), GhVIN1 complemented the short-root phenotype of a VIN T-DNA mutant and enhanced the elongation of root cells in the wild type. This demonstrates that GhVIN1 functions as VIN in vivo. In cotton fiber, GhVIN1 expression level matched closely with VIN activity and fiber elongation rate. Indeed, transformation of cotton fiber with GhVIN1 RNA interference or overexpression constructs reduced or enhanced fiber elongation, respectively. Together, these analyses provide evidence on the role of VIN in cotton fiber elongation mediated by GhVIN1. Based on the relative contributions of sugars to sap osmolality in cotton fiber and Arabidopsis root, we conclude that VIN regulates their elongation in an osmotic dependent and independent manner, respectively.Suc is the principal end product of photosynthesis in higher plants and the major carbohydrate translocated from source to sink tissues through phloem. Suc cleavage, serving as a starting point for various carbohydrate metabolic pathways, is catalyzed by Suc synthase (EC 2.4.1.13) and invertase (β-fructofuranosidase; EC 3.2.1.26). In contrast to the reversible reaction of Suc synthase, invertase irreversibly hydrolyzes Suc to Fru and Glc. This hydrolysis step is required for the development of many sink tissues and their responses to various stresses (Sturm, 1999; Weschke et al., 2003; Roitsch and González, 2004; Huang et al., 2007; Essmann et al., 2008; Jin et al., 2009; for a recent review, see Ruan et al., 2010).Based on their pH optimums and subcellular localizations, invertases are classified into three isoforms: a nonglycosylated cytosolic invertase (CIN), with an optimal pH of 7.0 to 7.8, and highly glycosylated acid invertases with an optimum pH of 3.5 to 5.5 either tightly bound to cell wall (CWIN) or appearing as a soluble form inside the vacuole (VIN; Roitsch and González, 2004). Mutational and transgenic studies have established the critical roles of CWIN in the development of seed (Cheng et al., 1996; Ruan et al., 2003), pollen (Roitsch et al., 2003), root (Tang et al., 1999), and leaf and fruit (Jin et al., 2009). By contrast, much less is known about the function of VIN or CIN (Ruan et al., 2010).High VIN expression or activity has been observed in a range of expanding tissues, including maize (Zea mays) ovaries (Andersen et al., 2002; McLaughlin and Boyer, 2004), grape (Vitis vinifera) berry (Davies and Robinson, 1996), carrot (Daucus carota) taproot (Tang et al., 1999), and sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) petioles (González et al., 2005). It is hypothesized that VIN may play a major role in plant cell expansion, a key step in plant cell development (González et al., 2005). However, progress in determining the roles of VIN in cell expansion suffers from several experimental limitations. Most notably, the multicellular nature of plant tissues makes it difficult to quantitatively evaluate the contribution of VIN in specific cell types. For example, decrease of VIN expression is associated with maize ovary abortion or reduction in its expansion (Andersen et al., 2002; McLaughlin and Boyer, 2004). The VIN gene Ivr2, however, is expressed in nucellus and vascular bundles of the pedicel deeply embedded within the pericarp (Andersen et al., 2002). This inherent anatomical feature makes it challenging to experimentally assess the role of invertase in these cells.In this context, developing cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) fiber offers a tractable experimental system to study the role of invertase in cell expansion for the following reasons. First, after initiation from the ovule epidermis at anthesis, the single-celled cotton fibers undergo rapid and synchronized unidirectional expansion to several centimeters long by approximately 18 d after anthesis (DAA; Ruan et al., 2001). Hence, a large quantity of homogenous single cells can be readily harvested for studying the control of cell expansion (Ruan, 2007). Second, compelling evidence has indicated a major role of osmotically active solutes in fiber elongation through the generation of cell turgor (Ruan et al., 2004). To this end, Suc moves into fibers symplasmically early in elongation (Ruan et al., 2001), and hexoses accumulated in the vacuole are major osmotically active solutes in the fiber sap (Dhindsa et al., 1975; Ruan et al., 1997), where VIN activity has been reported (Wäfler and Meier, 1994). These observations raise the possibility that VIN may be a central player in osmotically driven fiber expansion (Andersen et al., 2002; Ruan, 2005). Finally, elucidating the role of VIN in cotton fiber could help us not only better understand the control of rapid cell expansion but also identify novel ways to increase fiber length, a key quality and yield determinant of cotton, the most important textile crop worldwide (Ruan, 2005).This study aims to examine the role of VIN in cell expansion by using cotton fiber as a model, coupled with integrative analyses on elongating root of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). A combination of cellular, biochemical, and molecular genetic analyses show that (1) rapid fiber expansion requires high activity of VIN, which is probably exerted by the expression of GhVIN1, and (2) the impact on cotton fiber and Arabidopsis root elongation by VIN is most likely achieved through an osmotic dependent and independent manner, respectively.     

提取航天诱变向日葵种子总RNA的一种有效方法

目的:从航天诱变向日葵种子中提取高质量的总RNA.方法:采用改进的SDS法,提取缓冲液与氯仿同时作用液氮研磨材料后,用酸酚-氯仿抽提一次,经LiCl过夜沉淀、DNase I处理、1/2体积的无水乙醇沉淀多糖,最后加入1/10体积的醋酸钠和2倍体积的无水乙醇沉淀总RNA,用琼脂糖凝胶电泳与紫外分光光度法测定产量与纯度,用...     

小鼠胰腺大部分切除后再生集中区来源的初步探索

目的:探讨胰腺在某些损伤或病理条件下,由于细胞活跃增殖产生再生集中区域的细胞来源。方法:将27只成年ICR系小鼠分为9组,每组3只,其中1组进行假手术,其余8组进行小鼠胰腺大部分切除,分别在切除后12h,24h、36h、48h、3d、5d、7d、10d取材及冰冻切片,采用H-E染色、免疫荧光染色方法检测损伤后各时间段胰腺组织的形态变化和细胞增殖率。结果:H-E染色发现,胰腺手术72h后,剩余胰腺中就出现由细胞角蛋白阳性导管样结构组成的再生集中区,此区域细胞随后分化为功能性细胞类型,10d后消失检测不到。对胰腺再生集中区的定位研究表明,它们仅出现于切除后的伤口边缘。BrdU标记表明,胰腺再生集中区为细胞快速增殖区域,其出现与总导管增殖率提高同时发生,主/大导管和小导管增殖率上升都晚于再生集中区的出现。结论:小鼠胰腺大部分切除后再生集中区可能来源于腺泡细胞的快速增殖,而不是经由总-主/大-小导管-快速增殖区这一途径引起的来源于导管上皮细胞。