互花米草黄酮含量分析及其生态学意义

互花米草原产于北美洲大西洋沿岸和墨西哥海湾,经引种和其他原因,已扩散到包括中国在内的多个国家和地区,并对被入侵地生态系统的结构和功能均造成了显著影响。有关该物种的入侵机制和控制策略是当前入侵生态学研究领域的热点。互花米草生物质材料中富含黄酮类物质,与该物种向海扩张的能力可能存在一定联系。鉴于黄酮广泛的应用价值,能否借助黄酮成分的开发带动生物质的收割,以达到有效控制该物种的目的,也是当前研究者所关注的问题。以芦丁为标准参照物,NaNO2-Al（ NO3）3法比较温室互花米草不同器官中总黄酮含量的差异,分析盐城滩涂互花米草越冬芽黄酮含量与所在地理位置之间的关系,采用L9（34）正交试验对干储互花米草叶总黄酮的提取工艺进行优化。互花米草叶片中黄酮类物质远高于根、根状茎、茎、叶鞘、颖稃及种子。盐城滩涂上互花米草越冬芽的黄酮含量随着由陆向海方向基本呈升高趋势。互花米草总黄酮最佳提取工艺为料液比1∶30,乙醇浓度70％,水浴温度80℃,水浴时间2h。互花米草植物材料中,尤其在叶部,黄酮含量十分丰富。该黄酮物质与互花米草在海岸带盐沼生态系统中的适应和向海扩张也存在正相关关系,可作为探索互花米草入侵机制的一个方向。利用本研究中所得优化提取工艺可从互花米草干储生物质中获得稳定的黄酮来源。配合黄酮经济成分的开发而推动生物质材料的收割利用,将成为互花米草生态控制的一项潜在策略。     

滇产植物的皂素成份研究IV，IV中药三七的两种皂甙（1）

我们从三七(Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F. H. Chen) 根中分离得皂甙A和皂甙C.根据熔点、比旋光度及元素分析、红外、核磁证明皂甙A与 S. Shibata等从同属植物人参(Panax ginseng)中分离得到Ginsenoside-Rg1 (6, 20-di-O-β-D-glucosyl-20S-Protopanxatriol)是同一化合物;皂甙C与 Ginsenoside- Rb2(20S- Proto-panaxadiol-3-[0-β-D-glucopyranosy1 (l→2 )-β-D-glucopyranoside]-20-[O-α-L-arabino-pyranosyl(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside] )是同一化合物。     

毛果猴子木的胚胎学观察及山茶属胚胎学特征比较

首次报道了毛果猴子木 ( Cam ellia yunnanensis( Pitard ex Diels) Cohen Stuart var. camellioides( H u)Ming)雌雄配子体的形成和发育过程 ,并对业已报道的 8种山茶属植物的主要胚胎学特征进行了比较。结果显示 ,胚胎学性状在山茶属内具有较大的相似性 ,腺质绒毡层、同时型小孢子母细胞减数分裂、二细胞成熟花粉、倒生胚珠、双珠被、薄珠心、单孢原、合点端功能大孢子、葱型胚囊发育等特征为各代表种共有 ,主要的不同在于珠被绒毡层的有无、卵器和反足细胞的分化情况。笔者初步推测了这些差异在系统演化上的意义。     

Floral Morphogenesis of Aquilegia L. (Ranunculaceae)

The androecial and gynoecial initiation in Aquilegia ecalcarata Maxim. and A. caerulea James. were observed under scanning electron microscope (SEM). Also the microspore developmental sequence of different whorls of stamens in the same androecium was examined under the light microscope (LM). It was shown that the androecial initiation was centripetal, whereas the microsporogenesis and anther maturation were centrifugal. Thus, the centrifugal development of androecium in this genus was a secondary phenomenon. The authors considered that as has been reported centrifugal development of androecium appeared in different groups could be parallel to centripetal development in the course of evolution, of which the phylogenetic significance merits further approach.     

天麻胚胎学的研究

天麻的一个花药内通常包含300—400个大小不等的花粉团,每个花粉团内复花粉粒的集合范围一般是几百个至一千个左右。小孢子四分体形成时胞质分裂为同时型。绒毡层属分泌型,细胞具单核。胚珠结构十分简化,单珠被发育不完全,不形成珠孔。胚囊合点端仅一个珠心细胞,成熟胚囊由珠孔端四细胞组成。传粉到受精的时间间隔为4天,双受精正常。初生胚乳核少有一次分裂,常于受精后6—7天解体。种子于开花后20—21天成熟。16—20天的种子人工萌发率均在85%以上。     

三白草科花部发育及其系统学意义

本研究从比较三白草科属间小花个体发育及分析花器官数量变异入手,探寻花器官在发生顺序、数目变化及排列方式等方面的演化趋势,揭示系统发育在个体发育中一定程度重现的事实及属间的进化关系。结果简述如下:首先,雄蕊和心皮发生顺序由中部优先演化到两侧优先。其次,由于远中雄蕊和心皮经历了从发育延迟、生长减缓到最终消失的历程,中部雄蕊和心皮由成对演化为单生。此外,两侧生雄蕊对由各自独立的原基发生演化到共同原基发生或减化为1枚,假银莲花属近中1枚雄蕊原基二裂成1对,蕺菜属3枚心皮发生于一环状共同原基等,都是该科花器官演化的重要事实并可归结为融合、减化和复化的结果。文章根据花器官的演化趋势及过渡类型的剖析,论述了三白草科属间的系统进化关系。     

The Formation of Pollen Dimorphism in Paris axialis in Vivo

It is obsreved that the dimorphic populations of pollen are producedin Paris axialis H. Li In vivo. The normal pollen grains and abnormal pollen grainsare 77.1% and 22.9% respectively; more than 70% of abnormal pollen grains conformto the equal nucleus type. The abnormal pollen grains show no delayed development,and thay are stained as dark as the normal ones. During the first mitotic division of microspore, most of the spindles are anticlinal(perpendicular to the intine), the cytokinesis is generally asymmetric, and a completewall is formed. However, a few mitotic spindles of mitotic microspores are periclinal,and the cytokinesis are symmetric. Sometimes a partial wall is observed between twodaughter nuclei, which are produced by the abnormal pollen grains. We believe thatthese phenomena are related to differentiation of the dimorphic pollen.     

Localization of Callose during the Occurrence of Megasporocyte in Gastrodia elata Blume

The structure of ovule in Gastrodia elata Blume was very simple. Functional megaspore occurred at the chalazal end. Callose was absent at megasporocyte stage. It first appeared at the chalazal wall during the first meiotic prophase and exhibited continuous fluorescence. Soon later callose fluorescence disappeared in some part of the chalazal wall and many noncallosic dark areas took place, subsequently these nonfluorescence areas became larger and the callose fluorescence appeared discontinuous granulose distribution. This fluorescence maintained until the megaspore formed. The callose of micropylar wall appeared later and usually disappeared before megaspore formation. In the cross walls between the functional and the two degenarated megaspore callose fluorescence was very strong, continued and kept for a long time. But the side walls usually lacked callose. Accoding to the morphological character of simple ovule in G. eiata and the localization of acid phosphatase and polysaecharide grains, the transfer of vegetative materials from surrounding tissues into megasporocyte mainly passing through the chalazal end of megasporocyte. Thus a continuous callose wall deposited at the ehalazal end of megasporocyte, and it in reality caused the “isolation” of meiocyte. It was possible that a reduced form of callose disposition existed in parasetic orchids.     

三白草(三白草科)花部器官发生

In the present study,floral organogenesis of Saururus chinensis was observed and compared with that of 5. cernuus. The two species share essentially similar patterns of floral initiation and stamen development. Their inflorescence produces "common primordia" in acropetal succession on the flanks of the inflorescence meristem. Each primordium bifurcates transversely to form a floral apex above and a bract primordium below. Six stamens arise in three pairs at the floral apex. The median sagittal pair arises first, the lateral distal pair second, and the lateral proximal pair arises last. On the contrary,the initiation of carpels is quite different from each other. In 5. cernuus, the median sagittal pair arises first, and the lateral pair next. In S. chinensis, however, the lateral pair arises first, and the median sagittal pair second. The present study also made a brief generalization using the data obtained from different fields on the relationship of the two species in the genus Saururus, which are dis