单眼剥夺对金黄地鼠视觉中枢GABA神经元分布的影响

用免疫细胞化学技术观察了单眼剥夺后金黄地鼠视觉中枢GABA神经元分布的变化。结果表明:单眼剥夺后,金黄地鼠视皮层和上丘的GABA阳性神经元暂时性增多,但剥夺后六个月,其数目显著减少。在单眼剥夺前和剥夺后侧膝体中GABA阳性神经元数目没有明显差异。剥夺眼对侧视皮层GABA阳性神经元数比剥夺眼同侧视皮层GABA神经元数目少。单眼剥夺后视觉中枢GABA神经元类型及形态与剥夺前没有差别。晚期单眼剥夺也能引起视觉中枢GABA神经元数量和分布的变化。以上结果表明,单眼剥夺后视觉中枢抑制神经元的结构发生了变化。     

GABA神经元在金黄地鼠视觉中枢的分布

本文用免疫细胞化学技术研究了GABA在金黄地鼠视觉中枢的分布特征,同时用统计学方法作了定量分析,结果表明:GABA阳性神经元分布在整个视皮层和上丘中,呈不均匀分布,外膝体中GABA阳性神经元密度较低.视皮层中GABA阳性神经元密度为781mm~2,占视皮层细胞总数的19.7%,上丘中其密度为812/mm~2,占22.3%,视皮层Ⅰ层中GABA阳性神经元为52%,上丘表层(浅灰层及视觉层GABA阳性神经元为56%,GABA阳性神经元包括不同类型的细胞.在视皮层中可观察到GABA免疫疫应阳性的锥体细胞.     

冬小麦根表面氧化还原活力的研究

证实了两个不同品种的冬小麦根系表面存在着氧化ＮＡＤＨ和还原Ｋ３Ｆｅ（ＣＮ）６的氧化的活力。还原铁氰化物活力在ＰＨ５．５到８．５范围内随着ＰＨ值升高而增大,温度在１５℃到４５℃范围内随温度升高还原活力增强,４５℃达最高值,５５℃时活力急剧下降。     

分子识别诱导的蛋白质和核酸多层膜的有序组装

通过生物大分子之间的特异性结合,采用表面等离激元共振技术监测,报导了支撑于固体表面脂单层膜上进行的亲和素、生物素标记的质粒ＤＮＡ、以及从系统性红斑狼疮患者血清中获得的抗ＤＮＡ抗体多层膜的有序组装。这种生物大分子的组装技术可以用于生物传感器以检测特定的抗原抗体。     

不同密度及施肥条件下水平沟耕作的生态效应

研究了水平沟耕作条件下密度、施肥对谷子产量的影响,寻找最佳施肥和密度以获得最高产量和纯收入,并对株高、叶面积、叶面积系数、蒸腾强度、耗水量等指标作了研究,认为水平沟耕作有良好的经济和生态效益。     

平菇丰收一号高产特性的研究

通过野生种分离选用的平菇丰收一号,染色体数为９（ｎ＝９）,菌丝生长速度比一般品种快２—３４ｃｍ／ｈ,平均投料０．５ｋｇ（块）产鲜菇０．６～２．５ｋｇ,个别单株重１０～２０ｋｇ左右,生物效率１００～１５０％,高者达２００％以上,是一种高产优质、适应性强的新菌种。     

Fibroblast growth factor 21 alleviates acute pancreatitis via activation of the Sirt1‐autophagy signalling pathway

Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), a metabolic hormone with pleiotropic effects on glucose and lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity, alleviates the process of acute pancreatitis (AP). However, its mechanism remains elusive. The pathological and physiological characteristics of FGF21 are observed in both patients with AP and cerulein‐induced AP models, and the mechanisms of FGF21 in response to AP are investigated by evaluating the impact of autophagy in FGF21‐treated mice and cultured pancreatic cells. Circulating levels of FGF21 significantly increase in both AP patients and cerulein‐induced AP mice, which is accompanied by the change of pathology in pancreatic injury. Replenishment of FGF21 distinctly reverses cerulein‐induced pancreatic injury and improves cerulein‐induced autophagy damage in vivo and in vitro. Mechanically, FGF21 acts on pancreatic acinar cells to up‐regulate Sirtuin‐1 (Sirt1) expression, which in turn repairs impaired autophagy and removes damaged organs. In addition, blockage of Sirt1 accelerates cerulein‐induced pancreatic injury and weakens the regulative effect in FGF21‐activated autophagy in mice. These results showed that FGF21 protects against cerulein‐induced AP by activation of Sirtuin‐1‐autophagy axis.     

TREEasy: An automated workflow to infer gene trees,species trees,and phylogenetic networks from multilocus data

Multilocus genomic data sets can be used to infer a rich set of information about the evolutionary history of a lineage, including gene trees, species trees, and phylogenetic networks. However, user‐friendly tools to run such integrated analyses are lacking, and workflows often require tedious reformatting and handling time to shepherd data through a series of individual programs. Here, we present a tool written in Python—TREEasy—that performs automated sequence alignment (with MAFFT), gene tree inference (with IQ‐Tree), species inference from concatenated data (with IQ‐Tree and RaxML‐NG), species tree inference from gene trees (with ASTRAL, MP‐EST, and STELLS2), and phylogenetic network inference (with SNaQ and PhyloNet). The tool only requires FASTA files and nine parameters as inputs. The tool can be run as command line or through a Graphical User Interface (GUI). As examples, we reproduced a recent analysis of staghorn coral evolution, and performed a new analysis on the evolution of the “WGD clade” of yeast. The latter revealed novel patterns that were not identified by previous analyses. TREEasy represents a reliable and simple tool to accelerate research in systematic biology ( https://github.com/MaoYafei/TREEasy ).     

大熊猫与同域动物在海拔分布上的生态位分化

大熊猫（Ailuropoda melanoleuca）是中国的特有物种,其成功放归可能受放归地气候、栖息地、同域动物等多种因素的影响。本研究在野外调查的基础上,基于生态位理论等方法,探讨了栗子坪国家级自然保护区大熊猫与其大中型同域动物的空间关系。调查结果表明,该保护区内大熊猫同域动物共20种,分别属于2纲5目,其中东洋型分布物种占优势（30%）。大熊猫同域动物分布海拔显著低于大熊猫的分布海拔（P＜0.05）,大熊猫分别与灵长目等5个目的动物在海拔分布上均存在显著的生态位分化（P＜0.001）。灵长目动物在空间分布上与大熊猫分布相异,而其他目的动物与大熊猫空间分布类似。偶蹄目动物痕迹数量占比最高（54.14 %）,而食肉目的小熊猫与大熊猫样线共同遇见率达到了43.75%。本研究结果表明,该地大熊猫同域动物较为丰富,在海拔分布上与大熊猫存在生态位分化。该研究可为圈养大熊猫的放归提供参考依据。     

肉类及肉制品中动物源性成分鉴别方法研究进展

肉类掺假问题直接影响着人类健康、公共卫生安全以及社会稳定等方面,成为当今食品安全热点话题之一,因此,高效、精确的肉类及肉制品中动物源性成分的检测鉴定势在必行。基于此,主要介绍了对于动物源性成分检测及鉴别的不同研究方法,分析了利弊,并对后续肉类及肉制品中动物源性成分的鉴别方法的研发方向进行了展望,以期为此领域提供资料性参考。