黄曲霉Ste50衔接子蛋白对生长发育及致病性的影响

[目的] Ste50是真菌中重要的衔接子蛋白,在多个MAPK级联通路中起重要的信号衔接与传递作用。本研究鉴定出了黄曲霉AflSte50蛋白,并发现了其对黄曲霉的生长、产孢、致病能力和响应渗透压胁迫等方面的影响。[方法] 首先通过生物信息学方法在黄曲霉NRRL 3357中鉴定出ste50基因,并通过同源重组的方法构建了ste50基因的敲除和互补突变体菌株。而后,对基因敲除在黄曲霉生长发育、次级代谢产物合成和胁迫响应等方面的作用进行了研究。[结果] 与野生型相比,△Aflste50菌株生长速度和AFB₁合成量降低且不能产生菌核,同时对花生、玉米种子的致病能力下降。该基因在渗透胁迫条件下正调控MAP激酶的磷酸化水平,但对细胞壁胁迫无响应。[结论] Ste50（AFLA_002340）是黄曲霉衔接子蛋白,影响黄曲霉的生长、发育和AFB₁的合成,能够响应渗透压胁迫,在HOG通路中发挥作用。     

Construction of two regulatory networks related to salt stress and lignocellulosic synthesis under salt stress based on a Populus davidiana × P. bolleana transcriptome analysis

Plant Molecular Biology - Construction of ML-hGRN for the salt pathway in Populus davidiana?×?P. bolleana. Construction of ML-hGRN for the lignocellulosic pathway in Populus...     

香荚兰细胞悬浮培养产生香兰素条件的研究

该文报道了碳源、氮源及吸附剂对香荚兰细胞悬浮培养产生香兰素的影响,结果表明,蔗糖比葡萄糖及果糖更适合作香荚兰细胞生长及产生香兰素的碳源,最佳蔗糖浓度为５％;当培养基中仅含ＫＮＯ３,则有利于细胞的生长和香兰素的形成,培养液中去掉ＫＮＯ３仅含ＮＨ４ＮＯ３时,细胞生长和香兰素形成均被抑制;培养基添加吸附剂后,香美兰细胞产生的香兰素含量明显增加,活性炭的效果优于ＸＡＤ-２,而且活性炭用量增加,香兰素的产量亦增加。     

柠条锦鸡儿和沙拐枣主根暴露后的生理响应及抗逆机理

风蚀是固沙植物根系暴露的主导因素。在宁夏白芨滩国家级自然保护区对8年生的柠条锦鸡儿（Caragana korshinskii）和沙拐枣（Calligonum mongolicum）成株进行3个深度（10、20、30 cm）的主根暴露处理,并揭示其生理过程及适应机理。结果表明：（1）柠条锦鸡儿主根暴露10 cm的各项生理指标在21 d内与对照间均无显著差异,暴露至30 cm深度其MDA含量、Pro含量、叶绿素含量、Chl （a/b）、CAT活性在第7天均与对照间存在显著差异,至第21天又恢复至对照组水平,可溶性糖和SOD与对照间始终无显著差异,由此判断主根暴露10 cm对柠条锦鸡儿未产生逆境胁迫,暴露30 cm深度后的7 d内通过启动以游离脯氨酸为主的渗透调节系统以及增强CAT活性清除H₂O₂,使其逐渐恢复至生理稳态;（2）沙拐枣根系暴露10 cm的第7天通过可溶性糖的积累和Chl （a/b）的升高调节生理稳态,暴露20、30 cm深度的第14天和第21天,SOD、CAT、叶绿素含量较对照均显著下降（P<0.05）,即其抗氧化酶系统开始紊乱,光合作用下降。综上,主根暴露30 cm深度仅在暴露早期对开花期的柠条锦鸡儿生理有影响,而展叶期的沙拐枣在根系暴露20 cm深度以上,即表现出中重度干旱胁迫响应。     

脱落酸和赤霉素调控种子休眠与萌发研究进展

种子的休眠与萌发是高等植物生长发育进程中非常重要的环节,是维系物种繁衍的重要过程。而激素在这一过程中扮演着非常重要的角色。而在这个过程中脱落酸(abscisic acid,ABA)和赤霉素(gibberellin GA)发挥着尤其重要的作用。本文综述了当前对复杂分子网络的理解,这些分子网络涉及脱落酸和赤霉素在调节种子休眠和萌发中的关键作用,其中含AP2结构域的转录因子起着关键作用。     

Structural characterization of an equilibrium unfolding intermediate in cytochrome c

Although the denaturant-induced unfolding transition of cytochrome c was initially thought to be a cooperative process, recent spectroscopic studies have shown deviations from two-state behavior consistent with accumulation of an equilibrium intermediate. However, little is known about the structural and thermodynamic properties of this state, and whether it is stabilized by the presence of non-native heme ligands. We monitored the reversible denaturant-induced unfolding equilibrium of oxidized horse cytochrome c using various spectroscopic probes, including fluorescence, near and far-UV CD, heme absorbance bands in the Soret, visible and near-IR regions of the spectrum, as well as 2D NMR. Global fitting techniques were used for a quantitative interpretation of the results in terms of a three-state model, which enabled us to determine the intrinsic spectroscopic properties of the intermediate. A well-populated intermediate was observed in equilibrium experiments at pH 5 using either guanidine-HCl or urea as a denaturant, both for wild-type cytochrome c as well as an H33N mutant chosen to prevent formation of non-native His-heme ligation. For a more detailed structural characterization of the intermediate, we used 2D 1H-15N correlation spectroscopy to follow the changes in peak intensity for individual backbone amide groups. The equilibrium state observed in our optical and NMR studies contains many native-like structural features, including a well-structured alpha-helical sub-domain, a short Trp59-heme distance and solvent-shielded heme environment, but lacks the native Met80 sulfur-iron linkage and shows major perturbations in side-chain packing and other tertiary interactions. These structural properties are reminiscent of the A-state of cytochrome c, a compact denatured form found under acidic high-salt conditions, as well as a kinetic intermediate populated at a late stage of folding. The denaturant-induced intermediate also resembles alkaline forms of cytochrome c with altered heme ligation, suggesting that disruption of the native methionine ligand favors accumulation of structurally analogous states both in the presence and absence of non-native ligands.     

Identification and functional characterization of DzS3GT,a cytoplasmic glycosyltransferase catalyzing biosynthesis of diosgenin 3-<Emphasis Type="Italic">O</Emphasis>-glucoside in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Dioscorea zingiberensis</Emphasis>

Dioscorea plants produce pharmaceutical diosgenin, which usually exists in plants in the form of saponins and has been a starting material for the production of steroids over seven decades. The first step of steroidal saponin biosynthesis from the corresponding aglycone is glycosylation by 3-O-sterol glycosyltransferase (S3GT), transferring the glycosyl from a sugar donor to the 3-OH position of the aglycone. In this study, a DzS3GT gene from Dioscorea zingiberensis was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli, and the recombinant DzS3GT protein showed 3-O-sterol glycosyltransferase activity in vitro. Subcellular localization analysis revealed that the DzS3GT protein is located in the cytoplasm in rice protoplasts. The tissue profiles of DzS3GT differ from those reported SGT genes. DzS3GT is expressed strongly in leaves and very weakly in stems. The diosgenin 3-O-glucoside (trillin) content is much higher in the leaves than in other organs. The specificity of gene expression and saponins accumulation suggest that the biosynthesis of trillin may occur mainly in the leaves of D. zingiberensis. This is the first report of the cloning and biochemical characterization of a glycosyltransferase gene involved in the biosynthesis of diosgenin 3-O-glucoside in Dioscorea plants. In addition, the study provides a potential relevance to the biosynthesis and transport mechanism of steroidal saponins in Dioscorea plants.     

高温对番茄幼苗生长和花芽分化的影响

为了探讨高温胁迫对番茄幼苗生长和花芽分化的影响,该试验以‘中杂9号’番茄为材料,以25℃/15℃(昼/夜)为对照(CK),进行37℃/27℃(昼/夜)的高温处理,测定番茄幼苗生长和花芽分化相关指标。结果表明:从高温处理第3天开始番茄幼苗株高和节间长显著高于对照,而茎粗显著小于对照,即植株出现徒长;高温处理的番茄叶面积、根系表面积一直显著低于常温对照,而根系体积、根系总长和分根数也从第3天开始显著低于对照水平;高温处理的植株花芽分化进程从第1天起就明显加快,高温处理第9天时花芽分化数显著减少,而花芽大小高温处理后1～5 d大于对照,从第7天起高温处理植株的花芽大小显著低于对照。研究表明,高温抑制番茄幼苗营养生长,加快番茄花芽分化进程,减少花芽分化数,并减小花芽大小,最终导致产量降低。     

药用植物中UGT家族研究进展

尿苷二磷酸葡萄糖醛酸转移酶(UDP-glucuronosyltransferase,UGT)家族是植物体内最大的糖基转移酶家族。编码合成UGT的基因属于UGT基因家族。UGT催化的糖基化反应广泛地存在于药用植物次生代谢物质的合成过程中。作为代谢通路中的下游修饰,供体分子在UGT的催化下,将糖基连接到受体分子上。这一过程往往会改变终产物的理化及生物学性质,最终影响其实际的利用价值及利用方式。本文综述分析了药用植物UGT家族基因挖掘分析、功能验证和生产应用等方面近年来的研究进展。