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For several species of lepidoptera, most of the approximately 350-bp
mitochondrial control-region sequences were determined. Six of these
species are in one genus, Jalmenus; are closely related; and are believed
to have undergone recent rapid speciation. Recent speciation was supported
by the observation of low interspecific sequence divergence. Thus, no
useful phylogeny could be constructed for the genus. Despite a surprising
conservation of control-region length, there was little conservation of
primary sequences either among the three lepidopteran genera or between
lepidoptera and Drosophila. Analysis of secondary structure indicated only
one possible feature in common--inferred stem loops with higher-than-random
folding energies-- although the positions of the structures in different
species were unrelated to regions of primary sequence similarity. We
suggest that the conserved, short length of control regions is related to
the observed lack of heteroplasmy in lepidopteran mitochondrial genomes. In
addition, determination of flanking sequences for one Jalmenus species
indicated (i) only weak support for the available model of insect 12S rRNA
structure and (ii) that tRNA translocation is a frequent event in the
evolution of insect mitochondrial genomes.
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Hermanowicz SW 《Mathematical biosciences》2001,169(1):1-14
A two-dimensional biofilm model was developed based on the concept of cellular automata. Three simple, generic processes were included in the model: cell growth, internal and external mass transport and cell detachment (erosion). The model generated a diverse range of biofilm morphologies (from dense layers to open, mushroom-like forms) similar to those observed in real biofilm systems. Bulk nutrient concentration and external mass transfer resistance had a large influence on the biofilm structure. 相似文献
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Anna Sankiewicz Piotr Laudanski Lech Romanowicz Adam Hermanowicz Wiesława Roszkowska-Jakimiec Wojciech Debek Ewa Gorodkiewicz 《Analytical biochemistry》2015
We have developed a new method for highly selective determination of the ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1) concentration using a surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRI) technique and two different biosensors. UCH-L1 was captured from a solution by immobilized specific rabbit monoclonal antibody or specific LDN-57444 inhibitor due to formation of receptor–UCH-L1 complex on the biosensor surface. The analytically useful dynamic response range of both biosensors is between 0.1 and 2.5 ng/ml. The detection limit is 0.06 ng/ml for the biosensor with antibody and 0.08 ng/ml for the biosensor with inhibitor. Biosensors based on both antibody and inhibitor were found to be suitable for quantitative determination of the UCH-L1 and exhibit good tolerance to the potential interferents. Both biosensors gave comparable results in the range of 0 to 0.20 ng/ml for plasma samples and 0.30 to 0.49 ng/ml for cerebrospinal fluid samples. To validate the new methods, comparative determination of UCH-L1 by the commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit was performed. In general, in terms of UCH-L1 concentration, a good correlation between SPRI and ELISA was found. The developed biosensors can be used successfully for the determination of UCH-L1 in body fluids. 相似文献
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Combined monte carlo and molecular dynamics simulation of fully hydrated dioleyl and palmitoyl-oleyl phosphatidylcholine lipid bilayers 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0 下载免费PDF全文
We have applied a new equilibration procedure for the atomic level simulation of a hydrated lipid bilayer to hydrated bilayers of dioleyl-phosphatidylcholine (DOPC) and palmitoyl-oleyl phosphatidylcholine (POPC). The procedure consists of alternating molecular dynamics trajectory calculations in a constant surface tension and temperature ensemble with configurational bias Monte Carlo moves to different regions of the configuration space of the bilayer in a constant volume and temperature ensemble. The procedure is applied to bilayers of 128 molecules of POPC with 4628 water molecules, and 128 molecules of DOPC with 4825 water molecules. Progress toward equilibration is almost three times as fast in central processing unit (CPU) time compared with a purely molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. Equilibration is complete, as judged by the lack of energy drift in 200-ps runs of continuous MD. After the equilibrium state was reached, as determined by agreement between the simulation volume per lipid molecule with experiment, continuous MD was run in an ensemble in which the lateral area was restrained to fluctuate about a mean value and a pressure of 1 atm applied normal to the bilayer surface. Three separate continuous MD runs, 200 ps in duration each, separated by 10,000 CBMC steps, were carried out for each system. Properties of the systems were calculated and averaged over the three separate runs. Results of the simulations are presented and compared with experimental data and with other recent simulations of POPC and DOPC. Analysis of the hydration environment in the headgroups supports a mechanism by which unsaturation contributes to reduced transition temperatures. In this view, the relatively horizontal orientation of the unsaturated bond increases the area per lipid, resulting in increased water penetration between the headgroups. As a result the headgroup-headgroup interactions are attenuated and shielded, and this contributes to the lowered transition temperature. 相似文献
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Loksum Wong Cameron J Weadick Claire Kuo Belinda SW Chang Vincent Tropepe 《BMC developmental biology》2010,10(1):100
Background
The Dmbx1 gene is important for the development of the midbrain and hindbrain, and mouse gene targeting experiments reveal that this gene is required for mediating postnatal and adult feeding behaviours. A single Dmbx1 gene exists in terrestrial vertebrate genomes, while teleost genomes have at least two paralogs. We compared the loss of function of the zebrafish dmbx1a and dmbx1b genes in order to gain insight into the molecular mechanism by which dmbx1 regulates neurogenesis, and to begin to understand why these duplicate genes have been retained in the zebrafish genome. 相似文献8.
Using a fluorescein di-beta-D-galactopyranoside (FDG) substrate we show that in live cells of an estrogen-sensitive yeast strain RMY/ER-ERE with human estrogen receptor (ERalpha) gene and the lacZ gene which encodes beta-galactosidase, the uptake of 17beta-estradiol (E2) and the subsequent production of beta-galactosidase enzyme occur quite rapidly, with maximal enzyme-catalyzed product formation evident after about 30 min of exposure to E2. This finding which agrees with the well-known rates of enzyme-catalyzed reactions could have implications for shortening the duration of environmental sample screening and monitoring regimes using yeast-based estrogen assays, and the development of biosensors for environmental estrogens to complement quantification methods. 相似文献
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Objective
The goal of this study is the evaluation of the functionnal results and the complications of this type of surgery. Such questions have been poorly discussed in the literature.Methods
We report our experience on 80 inflatable prostheses that were implanted between october 1987 and october 1994. The mean follow-up is 3 years and the assessment of the objective (mechanical functioning of the prosthesis and complications) and sujective results (sexuality of the patients) is carried out on 68 patients.Results
The results are the following:10.
A number of experimental studies on deposition and detachment of bacterial cells of Pseudomonas sp. was performed in an inclined plate apparatus 2.3 m long. In each run, ca. 10(8)cells were introduced into a layer of flowing water at Reynolds numbers of ca. 1000 and 1300. After a preset time, the flow was stopped and the position of attached cells measured. Spatial pattern of attached cells was initially aggregative and remained so for lower flow rates. For higher flow rates the pattern tended towards randomness, perhaps as a result of cell detachment. Overall sticking efficiency of cells was very small (ca. 10(-5)). 相似文献