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排序方式: 共有84条查询结果,搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
Phagotrophic phytoflagellates in microbial food webs 总被引:7,自引:2,他引:5
Karen Glaus Porter 《Hydrobiologia》1988,159(1):89-97
Phagotrophy by pigmented flagellates is known from the literature but has recently been rediscovered in the context of microbial
food webs. Particle ingestion rates were found to be equivalent for pigmented and nonpigmented microflagellates in both field
and laboratory studies. Ingestion rates of the chrysophytes Ochromonas danica, O. minuta, and Poterioochromonas malhamensis, the dinoflagellate Peridinium inconspicuum, and the cryptophytes Cryptomonas ovata and C. erosa were compared with those of two nonpigmented Monas species using 0.57 μm polystyrene beads as a food source. Ingestion rates were 0.31 to 3.17 beads/cell/h and filtration rates
were 10−7 to 10−8 ml/cell/h with no detectable difference between pigmented and nonpigmented forms. Ingestion rates in unpigmented Monas species showed a linear increase with increasing particle concentration from 1.9 × 106 to 1.6 × 107 beads/ml.
Light and DOC levels in the range of those encountered by phytoflagellates in the field also influenced laboratory measurements
of bead ingestion by Poterioochromonas malhamensis. Ingestion rates decreased and photosynthesis increased over the natural PAR light range from 0 to 1800 microeinsteins/s/m2. At 40 microeinsteins/s/m2 maximum ingestion rates and high rates of photosynthesis occurred simultaneously. Ingestion rates decreased above 4 mgC/l
supplied as glucose. DOC levels commonly occurring in Lake Oglethorpe range from 3.5 to 10.0 mgC/l. These studies suggest
that mixotrophy, the trophic utilization of particulate food and dissolved organic matter as well as photosynthetically fixed
organic matter, is a balanced process that can be regulated by environmental conditions.
In field studies during a chrysophyte bloom, phytoflagellate grazing exceeded heterotrophic microflagellate grazing and constituted
up to 55% of the bactivory of all microflagellates, ciliates, rotifers, and crustaceans combined. Neither bacterial abundance,
light nor temperature were good predicters of grazing rates for the phagotrophic phytoflagellate association as a whole during
this unstratified period. Phagotrophs are often most abundant at the metalimnetic plate during stratification. 相似文献
2.
Summary Copper(II) complexes CuL1L2 with the ligand pairs 3-phosphoglycerate (PG)/ethylenediamine (en), phosphoserine (PS)/ethylenediamine, phosphoserine/malonate (mal) are shown to be effective in inducing the release of both iron atoms from di-ferric transferrin (Fe2Tf; human serum transferrin) at pH 7.3 in 1 M NaCl at 25°C. Half-times of the reaction with Cu(PG)(en)– were less than 1 min at 0.02 M concentration. The iron(III) products are polynuclear hydroxo complexes. There is weaker interaction with Cu(PS)
2
4–
and virtually none with Cu(serine)(en) nor Cu(PS)(2,2-bipyridyl)–, revealing crucial effects of the combined ligand sphere including the phosphomonoester group. The results suggest that the release of iron from Fe2Tf, or from either monoferric transferrins, occurred due to the breakdown of the stability of iron binding in conjunction with the expulsion of the synergistic anion carbonate (or oxalate). The active copper(II) complexes are postulated to be models of membrane components that could liberate iron from transferrin succeeding its uptake at the receptor sites of cells.Abbreviations PG
phosphoglycerate
- PS
phosphoserine
- en
ethylenediamine
- Fe2Tf
diferric transferrin
- FecTf and FeNTf
transferrin with iron bound to the lobe containing the C- or N-terminus, respectively
- apoTf
apotransferrin
- K-3
all-cis-1,3,5-tris(trimethylammonio)-2,4,6-cyclo-hexanetriol
- NTA
nitrilotriacetic acid; bipy, 2,2-bipyridine; mal, malonate 相似文献
3.
The effects of the trichothecene mycotoxins (acetyl T-2 toxin, T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin, palmityl T-2 toxin, diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS), deoxynivalenol (DON), and T-2 tetraol) on bovine platelet function were examined in homologous plasma stimulated with platelet activating factor (PAF). The mycotoxins inhibited platelet function with the following order of potency: acetyl T-2 toxin > palmityl T-2 toxin = DAS > HT-2 toxin = T-2 toxin. While T-2 tetraol was completely ineffective as an inhibitor, DON exhibited minimal inhibitory activity at concentrations above 10×10?4M. The stability of the platelet aggregates formed was significantly reduced in all mycotoxin treated platelets compared to that of the untreated PAF controls. It is suggested that the increased sensitivity of PAF stimulated bovine platelets to the more lipophilic mycotoxins may be related to their more efficient partitioning into the platelet membrane compared to the more hydrophilic compounds. 相似文献
4.
Active and passive cation transport and L antigen hertogeneity in low potassium sheep red cells 下载免费PDF全文
Several lines of experimental evidence are presented suggesting that the L antigens in low potassium (LK) sheep red cells are associated with separate Na(+)K(+) pump flux is distinct from the action of anti-L(l) on K(+) leak flux, implying that K(+) leak transport sites may not be converted into active pumps by the L antiserum. Treatment of LK red cells with trypsin completely abolished both the stimulation of K(+) pump flux and the enhancement of the rate of ouabain binding brought about by anti- L. That this effect is due to a total destruction of the L(p) determinant associated with the LK pump was evident from the complete failure of anti-L(p) to bind to trypsinized LK red cells. The L(p) antigen can be effectively protected against the trypsin attack by prior incubation with anti-L, indicating that the sites for antibody binding and trypsin action may be closely adjacent at the structural level. Trypsin treatment, however, did not interfere with anti-L(l) reducing ouabain insensitive K(+) leak influx, nor did it prevent binding of anti-L(ly), the hemolytically active L antibody which is probably identical with anti-L(l). The functional independence of the L(p) and L(l) sites was documented by the observation that anti-L(l) still reduced K(+) leak influx in LK cells with experimentally induced high potassium concentrations, at which K(+) pump flux is fully suppressed, whether or not anti-L(p) was binding to the L(p) antigen associated with the LK pump. 相似文献
5.
Both muscular and respiratory biofeedback procedures have been employed in attempts to reduce symptoms of bronchial asthma. Research relating to these approaches is reviewed in the present article. Biofeedback training both for facial muscle relaxation and for respiratory resistance decrease improves short-term pulmonary function in asthmatic individuals. These forms of training represent promising avenues for the management of asthma. However, unqualified endorsement of these procedures is premature, at the present time, since their influence on asthma-related variables other than pulmonary function has not been determined and since their long-term effects have not been investigated. 相似文献
6.
M A Glaus C G Heijman R P Schwarzenbach J Zeyer 《Applied and environmental microbiology》1992,58(6):1945-1951
Exudates from Streptomyces griseoflavus Tü 2484 effectively mediated electron transfer between hydrogen sulfide and various nitrobenzenes. In general, pseudo-first-order kinetics were observed, except for the initial phase of the reaction at higher pH values. Under fixed pH and Dh conditions, linear free energy relationships were found between the logarithms of the reaction rate constants and the one-electron reduction potentials of the nitroaromatic compounds. No competition was observed between various compounds. Comparison of the results of this study with the results of experiments conducted with model quinones and an iron porphyrin suggest that the secondary metabolites cinnaquinone and dicinnaquinone, excreted by strain Tü 2484 on the order of 100 mg/liter, are responsible for the catalytic activity of the exudate. Further support for this hypothesis comes from the facts that the catalytic activity of the exudate became prominent only after the growth phase of the microorganisms and that the mediating substances have a molecular weight of less than 3,000. 相似文献
7.
8.
Glaus TM Grenacher B Koch D Reiner B Gassmann M 《Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part A, Molecular & integrative physiology》2004,138(3):355-361
Living at 2300-m altitude combined with intermittent training at 3500 m leads to cardiovascular alterations in dogs, including increase in systemic and pulmonary artery pressure. Despite moderate to marked hypoxemia at these altitudes, erythrocytosis does not develop. To study humoral mechanisms of acclimatisation to high altitude, erythropoietin (EPO), endothelin-1 (ET-1), big endothelin (Big-ET) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were measured in dogs living at 2300 m and intermittently ascending to 3500 m, and compared to the values obtained in control dogs living at 700-900 m. While the median EPO and ET-1 level in dogs at 2300 m did not differ from the one measured at 700-900 m, exposure from 2300 to 3500 m resulted in significantly elevated EPO and ET-1 levels. Big-ET levels were significantly higher at 2300 and 3500 m compared to dogs at low altitude, but did not differ between 2300 and 3500 m. VEGF was significantly elevated in dogs at 2300 m compared to dogs at low altitude. The increases in EPO, VEGF, ET-1 and Big-ET are thought to reflect the effect of hypoxia on a cellular level in these dogs. Obviously, the mild elevation of EPO levels observed at 3500 m was not sufficient to cause erythrocytosis. Elevations of the vasoconstrictors Big-ET and ET-1 may play some, but not a central role in hypoxic vasoconstriction in these dogs. Finally, serum VEGF measurement may be a sensitive and useful test to assess hypoxic stress in dogs. 相似文献
9.
Industrial microbiology of solar salt production 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Javor BJ 《Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology》2002,28(1):42-47
Solar salterns can be modeled as giant outdoor chemostats, much like a series of dams on a slow-moving river. Microorganisms
and their products play an essential, but sometimes uncharacterized, role in salt production in these ponds, from seawater
salinity up through NaCl saturation. They may physically affect the evaporation process and their by-products may chemically
modify or bind with dissolved ions. Many solar salt facilities engage microbiologists to establish monitoring programs for
analyses of nutrients, standing crop and associated biological variables in the ponds. Other solar salt companies engage microbiologists
only when there are “crises” in the ponds that interfere with salt production. Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology (2002) 28, 42–47 DOI: 10.1038/sj/jim/7000173
Received 20 May 2001/ Accepted in revised form 13 June 2001 相似文献
10.
En-Young N. Wagner Jan T. Wagner Jennifer Glaus Caroline L. Vandeleur Enrique Castelao Marie-Pierre F. Strippoli Peter Vollenweider Martin Preisig Roland von K?nel 《PloS one》2015,10(4)