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1.
The methods are given which were used to determine the number of stages in the life history of Trichoniscus pusillus pusillus Brandt, 1833 and the stages are described as far as possible. Not all stadia can be separated on morphological grounds and animals extracted from monthly litter samples were measured and the stadia separated by use of probability paper. This method proved quite successful and confirmed the characterization of the three earlier juvenile stadia on morpholigical grounds and the number of the later juvenile stadia determined from laboratory cultures. There are six juvenile and five adult stadia. 相似文献
2.
R. Barrett-Jolley A. Comtois N.W. Davies P.R. Stanfield N.B. Standen 《The Journal of membrane biology》1996,152(2):111-116
We investigated the action of adenosine and GTP on KATP channels, using inside-out patch clamp recordings from dissociated single fibers of rat flexor digitorum brevis (FDB) skeletal
muscle. In excised patches, KATP channels could be activated by a combination of an extracellular adenosine agonist and intracellular Mg2+-ATP and GTP or GTP-γ-S. The activation required hydrolyzable ATP and could be partially reversed with Mg2+, suggesting that it may involve a G-protein dependent phosphorylation of KATP channels. We found that KATP channels of the rat FDB could not be activated by Mg2+-ATP alone or by Mg2+-ATP in the presence of extracellular adenosine. Patches whose channel activity had been `rundown' by Ca2+ could not be recovered by adenosine, GTP or Mg2+-ATP. KATP channels activated by adenosine receptor agonists had a similar ATP sensitivity to those under control conditions; but adenosine
appears to be able to switch these KATP channels from an inactive to an active mode.
Received: 29 December 1995/Revised: 22 March 1996 相似文献
3.
L. H. Clapp A. M. Gurney N. B. Standen P. D. Langton 《The Journal of membrane biology》1994,140(3):205-213
Tension and patch clamp recording techniques were used to investigate the relaxation of rabbit pulmonary artery and the properties of the K+ current activated by levcromakalim in isolated myocytes. Under whole-cell voltage clamp, holding at –60 mV in symmetrical 139 mm K+, levcromakalim (10 m) induced a noisy inward current of –116 ± 19 pA (n = 13) which developed over 1 to 2 min. This current could be blocked by either glibenclamide (10 m) or phencyclidine (5–50 M) and was unaffected when extracellular Ca2+ was removed. Both these drugs inhibited the levcromakalim-induced relaxation of muscle strips precontracted with 20 mm [K+]
o
. Application of voltage ramps in symmetrical 139 mm K+ confirmed that the levcromakalim-induced current was carried by K+ ions and was weakly voltage dependent over the potential range from –100 to +40 mV.The unitary current amplitude and density of the channels underlying the levcromakalim-activated whole-cell K+ current was estimated from the noise in the current record. We estimate that levcromakalim caused activation of around 300 channels per cell, with a single channel current of 1.1 pA, corresponding to a slope conductance of about 19 pS. Furthermore, cells dialyzed with an ATP-free pipette solution developed a large noisy inward current at –60 mV, which could subsequently be blocked by flash photolysis of caged ATP. Analysis of the noise associated with this current indicated that the single channel amplitude underlying the ATP-blocked current was 1.4 pA, a value similar to that estimated for the levcromakalim-induced current. We conclude that the conductance of this ATP-sensitive channel is likely to be small under physiological conditions and that it is present at low density.We thank SmithKline & Beecham for the gift of levcromakalim, ICI Pharmaceuticals for the gift of charybdotoxin and Prof. D. Colquhoun for the noise analysis programs. We also thank Mr. R. Davey for technical assistance with tension experiments. This work was supported by the British Heart Foundation and the Wellcome Trust. L.H.C. is a Wellcome Research Fellow and P.L. is an intermediate fellow of the BHF. 相似文献
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Jessica AB van Nies Rute B Marques Stella Trompet Zuzana de Jong Fina AS Kurreeman Rene EM Toes J Wouter Jukema Tom WJ Huizinga Annette HM van der Helm-van Mil 《Arthritis research & therapy》2010,12(2):R38
Introduction
Recently an association between a genetic variation in TRAF1/C5 and mortality from sepsis or cancer was found in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The most prevalent cause of death, cardiovascular disease, may have been missed in that study, since patients were enrolled at an advanced disease stage. Therefore, we used an inception cohort of RA patients to investigate the association between TRAF1/C5 and cardiovascular mortality, and replicate the findings on all-cause mortality. As TRAF1/C5 associated mortality may not be restricted to RA, we also studied a large cohort of non-RA patients. 相似文献7.
Intervention with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represents a promising therapeutic tool in treatment-refractory autoimmune
diseases. A new report by Schurgers and colleagues in a previous issue of Arthritis Research & Therapy sheds novel mechanistic insight into the pathways employed by MSCs to suppress T-cell proliferation in vitro, but, at the same time, indicates that MSCs do not influence T-cell reactivity and the disease course in an in vivo arthritis model. Such discrepancies between the in vitro and in vivo effects of potent cellular immune modulators should spark further research and should be interpreted as a sign of caution
for the in vitro design of MSC-derived interventions in the setting of human autoimmune diseases. 相似文献
8.
The reconstruction of large bone defects in periodontal, maxillofacial, and orthopedic surgery relies on the implantation of biomaterials able to support the growth of new tissue. None of the materials currently available is able to combine all the properties required, which are (i) easy handling, (ii) biodegradation, (iii) low immunogenicity, and more importantly, (iv) induction of tissue regeneration. A new class of biodegradable biomaterials has been obtained by simple thermosetting of defatted soybean curd. The final material can be processed into films, porous scaffolds, and granules for different surgical needs. When incubated in physiological solutions the material shows water uptake of 80%, elongation at break of 0.9 mm/mm, and 25% (w/w) degradation in 7 days. Soybean-based biomaterial granules are shown to reduce the activity of the monocytes/macrophages and of the osteoclasts and to induce osteoblast differentiation in vitro, thus demonstrating a bone regeneration potential suitable for many clinical applications. 相似文献
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Bahareh Honarparvar Sachin A Pawar Cláudio Nahum Alves Jer?nimo Lameira Glenn EM Maguire José Rogério A Silva Thavendran Govender Hendrik G Kruger 《Journal of biomedical science》2015,22(1)