全文获取类型
收费全文 | 525篇 |
免费 | 25篇 |
国内免费 | 79篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 5篇 |
2022年 | 9篇 |
2021年 | 12篇 |
2020年 | 8篇 |
2019年 | 10篇 |
2018年 | 5篇 |
2017年 | 4篇 |
2016年 | 6篇 |
2015年 | 11篇 |
2014年 | 16篇 |
2013年 | 17篇 |
2012年 | 33篇 |
2011年 | 12篇 |
2010年 | 28篇 |
2009年 | 34篇 |
2008年 | 19篇 |
2007年 | 28篇 |
2006年 | 23篇 |
2005年 | 23篇 |
2004年 | 5篇 |
2003年 | 5篇 |
2002年 | 5篇 |
2001年 | 10篇 |
2000年 | 5篇 |
1999年 | 12篇 |
1998年 | 11篇 |
1997年 | 10篇 |
1996年 | 17篇 |
1995年 | 6篇 |
1994年 | 4篇 |
1993年 | 4篇 |
1992年 | 3篇 |
1991年 | 3篇 |
1988年 | 2篇 |
1987年 | 4篇 |
1982年 | 4篇 |
1977年 | 3篇 |
1973年 | 2篇 |
1959年 | 17篇 |
1958年 | 31篇 |
1957年 | 12篇 |
1956年 | 15篇 |
1955年 | 21篇 |
1954年 | 21篇 |
1953年 | 29篇 |
1952年 | 20篇 |
1951年 | 16篇 |
1950年 | 19篇 |
1949年 | 1篇 |
1948年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有629条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
DI MAGGIO G 《Bollettino della Società italiana di biologia sperimentale》1950,26(3):335-336
2.
3.
白细胞介素-2中枢镇痛作用途径的探讨 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
抗IL-2受体α亚基的单克隆抗体不能阻断IL-2的中枢镇痛作用,以及丧失与IL-2受体β亚基结合能力的IL-2突变体仍具有提高大鼠痛阈的能力,这表明IL-2的中枢镇痛作用并不是通过IL-2受体所介导,亦表示IL-2的免疫和镇痛作用是通过不同的受体途径实现的。加之内源性阿片肽与IL-2分子有着共同的抗原决定基和结构相似性,提示IL-2可以与阿片受体直接结合产生中枢镇痛效应。从放射免疫法测定的IL-2侧脑室注射后不同时间大鼠脑内不同核团的内源性阿片肽含量,推测IL-2的中枢镇痛作用可能还与弓状核、室旁核、蓝斑等核团的β-EP和LEK有关。 相似文献
4.
WhileEscherichia coli is common as a commensal organism in the distal ileum and colon, the presence of colonization factors (CF) on pathogenic strains ofE. coli facilitates attachment of the organism to intestinal receptor molecules in a species- and tissue-specific fashion. After the initial adherence, colonization occurs, and the involvement of additional virulence determinants leads to illness. EnterotoxigenicE. coli (ETEC) is the most extensively studied of the five categories ofE. coli that cause diarrheal disease, and has the greatest impact on health worldwide. ETEC can be isolated from domestic animals and humans. The biochemistry, genetics, epidemiology, antigenic characteristics, and cell and receptor binding properties of ETEC have been extensively described. Another major category, enteropathogenicE. coli (EPEC), has virulence mechanisms, primarily effacement and cytoskeletal rearrangement of intestinal brush borders, that are distinct from ETEC. An EPEC CF receptor has been purified and characterized as a sialidated transmembrane glycoprotein complex directly attached to actin, thereby associating CF-binding with host-cell response. Three, additional categories ofE. coli diarrheal disease, their colonization factors and their host cell receptors are discussed. It appears that biofilms exist in the intestine in a manner similar to oral bacterial biofilms, and thatE. coli is part of these biofilms as both commensals and pathogens.Abbreviations CF
colonization factor
- CFA
Colonization Factor Antigen
- CS
coli-surface-associated antigen
- EAggEC
enteroaggregativeE. coli
- ECDD
E. coli diarrheal disease
- EHEC
enterohemorrhagicE. coli
- EIEC
enteroinvasiveE. coli
- EPEC
enteropathogenicE. coli
- ETEC
enterotoxigenicE. coli
- Gal
galactose
- GalNAc
N-acetyl galactosamine
- LT
heat-labile toxin
- NeuAc
N-acetyl neuraminic acid
- PCF
Putative colonization factor
- RBC
red blood cells
- SLT
Shiga-like toxin
- ST
heat-stable toxin 相似文献
5.
Monitoring the persistence of Laccaria bicolor as an ectomycorrhizal symbiont of nursery-grown Douglas fir by PCR of the rDNA intergenic spacer 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
B. HENRION C. DI BATTISTA D. BOUCHARD D. VAIRELLES B. D. THOMPSON † F. LE TACON F. MARTIN 《Molecular ecology》1994,3(6):571-580
The large-scale inoculation of selected beneficial ectomycorrhizal fungi in forest nurseries has generated renewed interest in the ecology of these symbiotic fungi. However, information on the dissemination and persistence of introduced symbionts is scarce due to the limitation of the current identification methods. To identify ectomycorrhizal fungi on single root tips, we investigated the polymorphism of the PCR-amplified ribosomal DNA intergenic spacer (IGS) from a wide range of ectomycorrhizal fungi. To investigate the reliability of this molecular approach in large-scale surveys, the dissemination and persistence on Douglas fir seedlings of the introduced Laccaria bicolor S238N were assessed in a forest nursery in the Massif Central (France). Several hundred ectomycorrhizas and fruiting bodies were sampled from plots where control and L. bicolor inoculated-Douglas fir seedlings were grown for 1.5 years. PCR typing of mycorrhizas indicated that trees inoculated with L. bicolor S238N remained exclusively colonized by that isolate (or sexually derived isolates) for the entire test period. In contrast, control seedlings were infected by indigenous isolates of Laccaria laccata and Thelephora terrestris. The molecular evidence for the persistence of the introduced mycobiont despite the competition from indigenous isolates of the same species provides further illustration of the potential of exotic species for large-scale microbial application. 相似文献
6.
DNA sequences were determined for three to five alleles of the bride-of-
sevenless (boss) gene in each of four species of Drosophila. The product of
boss is a transmembrane receptor for a ligand coded by the sevenless gene
that triggers differentiation of the R7 photoreceptor cell in the compound
eye. Population parameters affecting the rate and pattern of molecular
evolution of boss were estimated from the multinomial configurations of
nucleotide polymorphisms of synonymous codons. The time of divergence
between D. melanogaster and D. simulans was estimated as approximately 1
Myr, that between D. teissieri and D. yakuba as approximately 0.75 Myr, and
that between the two pairs of sibling species as approximately 2 Myr. (The
boss genes themselves have estimated divergence times approximately 50%
greater than the species divergence times.) The effective size of the
species was estimated as approximately 5 x 10(6), and the average mutation
rate was estimated as 1-2 x 10(-9)/nucleotide/generation. The ratio of
amino acid polymorphisms within species to fixed differences between
species suggests that approximately 25% of all possible single-step amino
acid replacements in the boss gene product may be selectively neutral or
nearly neutral. The data also imply that random genetic drift has been
responsible for virtually all of the observed differences in the portion of
the boss gene analyzed among the four species.
相似文献
7.
CARLO RENIERI PIERO CECCARELLI ANNA MARIA GARGIULO JEAN-JACQUES LAUVERGNE GIACOMO MONACELLI 《Pigment cell & melanoma research》1993,6(3):165-170
The biological behavior of the pigmentary phenotypes of four breeds of cattle has been analysed: the black pigmentation of Holstein Friesian; the red pigmentation of Limousin; the dilution in Charolais; and the postnatal disappearance of red pigmentation in Chianina. The analytic techniques included the characterization of melanins by high-performance liquid chromatography, the examination of follicular melanocytes by light microscopy, and the examination of melanosomes by electron microscopy. The black phenotype was very strongly eumelanogenic. The red phenotype in Limousin is polymorphic: individual follicular melanocytes contain both mature eumelanosomes and pheomelanosomes. Charolais and Chianina cattle exhibited a dramatic reduction in melanogenic activity, which was characterized by the almost exclusive presence of prephaoemelanosomes in Charolais and of immature premelanosomes in Chianina. In the dilute Charolais phenotype, the density of distribution of follicular melanocytes also seemed to be reduced. The genes that are responsible for these four phenotypes seem to act on the maturation, differentiation, and density of distribution of the melanosomes. 相似文献
8.
9.
10.