Limnological investigations on the Rosetta branch of the Nile. I. Environmental conditions

SUMMARY.

• 1 Seasonal and local variations of some environmental conditions in the Rosetta branch of the River Nile are reported. The lowest air and water temperatures were recorded in January (winter) and the highest in July (summer). Slight decrease in water temperatures with depth is related to solar heating and mixing processes. The pH values, averaging between pH 7.5 and 8.2, showed seasonal changes which, in the main, may be related to photosynthesis.
• 2 The seasonal average chlorosity values showed very wide variation, due to fluctuations in the discharge rate of the River Nile and its effect on the estuarine sea water. Sharp increase in chlorosity values with depth at the estuarine stations was produced by the less dense river water, flowing over denser tongues of sea water. In January, however, the maximum discharge flushed out the sea water.
• 3 Minimum oxygen saturation values occurred in January and the highest values of dissolved organic matter were obtained in July. Both of these will be shown in a later publication to be related to phytoplankton abundance. Increase in dissolved organic matter near the bottom was common and is interpreted as due to the more complete decomposition of descending dead organisms and the release of organic matter from the bottom deposits.

     

阿尔泰山两河源自然保护区森林生态系统朽木生地衣群落的数量分类

应用双向指示种分析和除趋势对应分析对阿尔泰山两河源国家级自然保护区的朽木生地衣群落进行了数量分类。初步结果表明,该自然保护区朽木生地衣共有43种,隶属于5目、14科、20属,它们组成了以下4个地衣群落。群落(Ⅰ):分布在样点1、2、3、4、5中,包括15种地衣种类,命名为对开蜈蚣衣+半羽蜈蚣衣+红心黑蜈蚣衣群落。群落(Ⅱ):分布在样点6、7、8、9、11中,包括25种地衣,命名为尖头石蕊+粉石蕊+矮石蕊群落。群落(Ⅲ):由样点10、12、13、14、16组成,常见的地衣种类有19个种,命名为蜡黄橙衣+茎口果粉衣+冷杉粉衣群落。群落(Ⅳ):包括样点15、17、18、19和20,由22个地衣种组成。命名为疑小梅衣+同色黄烛衣+脱落网衣群落。群落Ⅰ和群落Ⅱ的相似性最高为0.723,其次为群落Ⅰ和群落Ⅲ为0.609,群落Ⅲ和群落Ⅳ之间的相似性最低为0.262。群落Ⅲ的多样性最大为1.954;其次为群落Ⅱ和群落Ⅰ,分别为1.742和我1.685,群落Ⅳ的多样性最低为0.543。各群落的相似性和多样性之间的差异与其所处环境和朽木树种的多样性有关。同时发现在研究地区的朽木生地衣群落的分布与海拔高度、朽木腐蚀程度、朽木大小、森林郁闭度等因子具有密切的关系。     

贵阳地区碳酸盐岩表生地衣调查初报

对贵阳地区碳酸盐岩表生地衣资源进行初步调查,鉴定出4科,4属,共计7个种。其中两个是中国新记录种,即:蓝藻橙衣和石灰瓶口衣。瓶口衣属、黄烛衣属、凹盘衣属以及该文所描述的7个种都是贵州首次报道。对壳状地衣体在碳酸盐岩风化过程中的作用进行了初步分析。     

农田生态保留带中小林姬鼠的种群动态和结构

栖息地状况对小型兽类种群动态具有明显影响。在质量好,食物资源丰富,隐蔽条件优良的栖息地中小型兽类具有较高的存活率,种群繁殖时间更长,体重比较高。有关栖息地和种群动态方面国内外已有研究报道（Brown,1988;Corp et al．,1997;Quinn et al．,2003;Schnurr et al．,2004）。     

铜离子胁迫对两种地衣细胞结构的影响

采用光学显微镜徒手切片技术和透射电子显微镜超薄切片制备技术,以两种叶状地衣即中国树花(Ramalina sinensis)和地卷(Peltigera rufescens)为实验材料,研究了不同浓度CuSO4(0、1、2、3、4mmol/L)处理24h后地衣体细胞的存活率以及Cu2+胁迫对细胞超微结构的影响。结果显示:(1)光学显微镜下可初步确定,Cu2+浓度越大中国树花共生藻细胞存活率越小,而同样处理条件下地卷共生藻细胞的存活率则基本保持不变。(2)低浓度Cu2+(1mmol/L)对中国树花细胞结构基本无影响,细胞壁、细胞膜及细胞内的线粒体、叶绿体完整;随着Cu2+浓度增加,当处理Cu2+浓度为2mmol/L时,细胞壁无损,但细胞膜开始破坏形成小空泡,线粒体嵴变凌乱,叶绿体也出现皱缩,类囊体膨胀,基粒排列紊乱;当Cu2+处理浓度大于2mmol/L时,共生藻的细胞膜和细胞器出现不同程度的损伤;当Cu2+浓度为3mmol/L时,细胞壁变薄,细胞膜形成的空泡变大,细胞内部结构变松散,蛋白核消失,叶绿体与细胞质混在一起,基粒片层扭曲,分布混乱,线粒体变形;当Cu2+浓度达4mmol/L时,细胞结构完全受到破坏。(3)不同浓度Cu2+处理对地卷共生藻细胞结构无明显的影响,在所有处理条件下地卷共生藻细胞壁、细胞膜都完整,且大多数共生藻细胞处于分裂状态。研究认为,中国树花对Cu2+胁迫较敏感,Cu2+耐受在1~2mmol/L之间,Cu2+浓度与中国树花细胞结构的损伤程度存在着明显的剂量效应关系,Cu2+浓度越高,其属于共球藻的真核共生藻细胞受损程度越大;地卷对Cu2+胁迫具有一定的耐性,Cu2+胁迫下地卷属于蓝藻的原核共生藻细胞仍能繁殖分裂产生子代细胞。     

新疆网衣属地衣中国新记录种（英文）

大量采集新疆各地网衣属（LecideaAch.）地衣标本,发现1个中国新记录种L.hypocrita,4个新疆新记录种L.berengeriana,L.confluens,L.lactea,L.lithophila。文中对这些新记录地衣进行了详细描述,并提供了反映地衣特征的彩色图片。     

Intra-articular implantation of autologous bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stromal cells to treat knee osteoarthritis: a randomized,triple-blind,placebo-controlled phase 1/2 clinical trial

Background

The intra-articular implantation of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) as a treatment for knee osteoarthritis (OA) is an emerging new therapy. In this study, patients with knee OA received intra-articular implantations of autologous bone marrow–derived MSCs. We sought to assess the safety and efficacy of this implantation.

Prevalence of common <Emphasis Type="Italic">MEFV</Emphasis> mutations and carrier frequencies in a large cohort of Iranian populations

Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is a hereditary autoinflammatory disorder caused by mutations in the MEFV gene. The disease is especially common among Armenian, Turkish, Jewish and Middle East Arab populations. To identify the frequency and the spectrum of common MEFV mutations in different Iranian populations, we investigated a cohort of 208 unselected asymptomatic individuals and 743 FMF patients. Nine hundred and fifty-one samples were analysed for the presence of 12 MEFV mutations by PCR and reverse-hybridization (FMF StripAssay, ViennaLab, Vienna, Austria). Confirmatory dideoxy sequencing of all MEFV gene exons was performed for 39 patients. Fifty-seven (27.4%) healthy individual carried mutant MEFV alleles. Three hundred and ninety-one (52.6%) FMF patients were found positive for either one (172/743; 23.1%), two or three MEFV mutations. Using dideoxy sequencing, three novel variants, A66P, R202W and H300Q, could be identified. Our analysis revealed an allele frequency and carrier rate of 15.6 and 27.4%, respectively, among healthy Iranians. Still moderate compared to neighbouring Armenia, but higher than in Turkey or Iraq, these data suggest that FMF is remarkably common among Iranian populations. E148Q was most frequent in the group of healthy individuals, whereas M694V was the most common mutation among FMF patients, thereby corroborating previous studies on MEFV mutational spectra in the Middle East. Accordingly, MEFV mutations are frequent in healthy Iranian individuals across different ethnic groups. Based on this finding, the awareness for FMF and the implementation of augmented carrier screening programmes considering the multiethnic nature of the Iranian population should be promoted.     

新疆北部森林生态系统地衣植物生活型分析

Life forms of lichen of forest ecosystem in Northern Xinjiang were researched in the Kanas National Natural Reservation Area.They have been grouped into 6 types:Epipetria,Soil-epipetria,Epiphytia arboricosa,Epiphytia moss,Epiphytis grass and Dry-radicantia,in which the species of Epiphytia arboricosa account for 36.89% of the total species in this area,the species of Epipetria for 22.33% and Epiphytia grass the least.The results show that life forms of lichem at the srea in Northem Xinjiang are relatively rich,which indicates the biodiversity characteristics of lichen.     

新疆拟橙衣属地衣研究

报道新疆拟橙衣属地衣的6个分类单位。其中南方拟橙衣Fulgensia australis,荒漠拟橙衣F.desertorum和苔生拟橙衣F.schistidii为中国新记录种。在形态学、解剖学、化学及生态学方面对它们进行了简短的论述。此外,还提供了形态特征和内部解剖特征照片以及新疆种类的分种检索表。研究所用的标本采自托木尔峰、铁力买提达坂、阿尔金山和准葛尔盆地等,保存于新疆大学生命科学与技术学院地衣标本室。