青藏高原高寒地区生态草牧业可持续发展:原理、技术与实践

青藏高原在保障国家生态安全、发展高寒生态草牧业和改善当地民生等方面具有重要战略意义。实现高寒地区生态草牧业可持续发展，对推动青藏高原生态保护和区域高质量发展具有重要推动作用。由于高寒草地承载力低、草畜供需时空失衡和畜牧业经营方式粗放等原因，导致草地畜牧业生产效率低，牧民经营效益差，高寒草地退化严重。为了协调推动高原生态保护、国家公园建设和区域民生改善，传统草地畜牧业亟待转型升级。近年来在国家和地方科技项目支持下，针对高寒草地畜牧业系统效率低、资源消耗大和经营效益差的瓶颈，我们在位于青藏高原东缘农牧交错区的青海省贵南县系统开展了生态草牧业关键技术研发、应用和示范，集成了以“高寒草地适度利用—优质高产人工草地建植—优良牧草青贮—系列草产品加工—饲草料精准配置—家畜营养均衡饲养—高原特色畜产品精深加工—一二三产业融合—区域功能耦合”等为一体的高寒地区生态草牧业提质增效技术体系，积极推动了传统草地畜牧业向生态草牧业发展转变，促进了高寒地区生态—生产—生活协调发展。上述工作将为青藏高原生态保护、草牧业可持续发展和高寒地区牧民持续增收提供重要科技支撑，同时对我国西部典型生态脆弱区适应性管理，黄河上游生态保护和高质量发展具有一定的启示作用。     

III型神经中丝蛋白基因与中国高度近视人群相关性的研究

为了检测peripherin基因（PRPH）的突变与高度近视的病因有无相关关系,采用PCR-SSCP检测180例中国人高度近视先证者及60例正常人中PRPH基因所有外显子有无突变;对有突变的外显子区域进行克隆测序。结果表明,分析180例高度近视先证者PRPH基因编码区9个外显子及其邻近内含子,分别发现有下列核苷酸改变：密码子21TTC→TTT(Phe21Phe、4/180),nt2138C→G（IVS3、1/180）,密码子277GCC→ACC（Ala277Thr、8/180）,密码子237CCA→TCA（Arg237stop、1/180）,密码子292GCG→GCA(Ala292Ala,1/180),密码子361CUG→CUC（Leu361Leu,12/180）,密码子369AAA→AAG（Lys369Lys,12/180）,nt3331G→C（IVS7、3/180）,其中GCC277ACC为错义突变（Ala277Thr）;CCA237TCA为无义突变（Arg237stop）;密码子361CUG→CUC,密码子369AAA→AAG属于同义突变并且相连锁。Ala277Thr突变尚存在于正常人群中（1/60）,亦存在于患者正常亲属中;Arg237stop仅见于一个常染色体隐性遗传家系的患者中,为杂合性突变。分析180例高度近视先证者PRPH基因,未发现致病突变,可排除PRPH基因与高度近视病因的相关性。在中国人群中PRPH基因有多种变异。 Variation of the Peripherin Gene in Chinese with or Without High Myopia LI Jiang1,ZHANG Qing-jiong1,FU Rong2,XIAO Xue-shan1,LI Jia-zhang3,ZHANG Feng-sheng4, LI Shi-qiang1,LI Wei5,LI Tuo3,JIA Xiao-yun1,GUO Li1,GUO Xiang-ming 1.Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510060,China; 2.Shenzhen Municipal People's Hospital,Shenzhen 518000,China; 3.Department of Opthalmolgy,The people's Hospital of Enshi Autonomous Prefecture,Enshi 445000,Hubei,China; 4.Chaoju Eye Hospital,Baotou,Inner Mongolia 014000,China; 5.Shenzhen 2nd People's Hopital,Shenzhen 518000,China Abstract:To analyze the relationship of the peripherin gene(PRPH,OMIM17071) mutations with high myopia,genomic DNA was collected from 180 probands with high myopia (≤-6.0 dipoters) and 60 unrelated persons without high myopia.The coding sequences of PRPH gene in 240 subjects were analyzed using exon-by-exon PCR-heteroduplex-SSCP analysis and sequencing.Variations at codon21TTC→TTT(Phe21Phe、4/180),nt2138C→G（IVS3、1/180）,codon277 GCC→ACC（Ala277Thr、8/180）,codon237 CCA→TCA （Arg237stop、1/180）,codon292CCG→CCA (Ala292Ala,1/180),codon361CUG→CUC（Leu361Leu,12/180）,codon369 AAA→AAG（Lys369Lys,12/180）,nt3331G→C（IVS7、3/180）were detected in a number of probands as indicated in the blanket.Of the 8 variations one( codon 277,G→A,Ala277Thr) is a missense mutation identified in 8 of the 180patients and one of 60 controls;The mutation of codon361 and codon 369were synonymous one and linkage each other;Another one(codon237,CCA→TCA,Arg237stop) is a heterozygous nonsense mutation identified in one patient with autosomal recessive inheritance mode population but not in the 60 normal controls.The others were synonymous mutations.Eight nucleotide variations were found in the PRPH gene.We found no evidence that mutations in the PRPH gene are responsible for the high myopia in Chinese. Key words：high myopia; peripherin gene; PCR-SSCP     

ZFP161基因与中国高度近视人群的相关性研究

为了探讨ZFP161基因与高度近视的相关性,从而寻找高度近视的致病基因,以来自不同地区和家系的中国单纯性高度近视先证者204例和排除高度近视及相关疾病的正常人116例为材料,采用PCR-SSCP法检测病例组及正常人群外周血白细胞基因组DNA中ZFP161基因2个外显子是否存在基因突变,对存在突变的外显子区域经克隆测序后确定变异性质,结合对照组及家系分析确定ZFP161基因突变与高度近视的相关性。结果表明：1.ZFP161基因内含子1第58号碱基前存在AT序列插入突变,即IVS1 58～59突变(1/204),该突变仅存在于高度近视先证者中;2.ZFP161基因外显子2的第168号碱基由C颠换为A,即Ala56Ala突变(Codon56 GCC→GCA, Ala56Ala)(5/204),该突变存在于正常人群中（3/116）,亦存在于患者的正常亲属中;结合正常对照和家系分析,初步排除ZFP161基因与中国单纯性高度近视之间的相关性。Abstract: To investigate the association between variations of ZFP161 gene and high myopia, A total of 204 probands with simple high myopia(≤-6.0 dipoters) were collected while 116 normal persons from different families without high myopia or related disease were used as controls. Genomic DNA was prepared from the peripheral leucocytes. The coding sequences of ZFP161 gene in 320 subjects were analyzed by using exon-by-exon PCR-heteroduplex-SSCP analysis. Identification of the Variations by cloning and sequencing, combinated with controls and family analysis, was used to disclose the correlation between ZFP161 gene and high myopia. A mutation of ZFP161 gene was identified as an insertion of AT before the 58th nucleotide of intron 1 (IVS1 58-59)(1/204) and a variation of ZFP161 gene was identified as a heterozygous C to A of the 168th nucleotide in exon 2 (Codon56, GCC→GCA, Ala56Ala). Ala56Ala is a non-sense mutation identified in 5 of the 204 patients and 3 of 116 controls. No evidence shows that these variations are responsible for high myopia.     

青藏高原黑果枸杞花青素对人肝癌细胞增殖和自噬的影响

探究黑果枸杞花青素在体外对人肝癌HepG2细胞增殖和自噬的影响。利用CCK-8法测定细胞活力,EdU和细胞划痕试验检测细胞增殖和迁移效果,RT-PCR和Western blot检测增殖和自噬相关基因的mRNA和蛋白表达。结果显示,黑果枸杞花青素可有效抑制人肝癌HepG2细胞的增殖和迁移;上调增殖因子(LATS1、LATS2和MOB1)和自噬因子(Beclin-1、LC3-Ⅱ和AMPK),并下调增殖因子YAP的mRNA水平;下调自噬因子p-mTOR和细胞周期因子CDK4,并上调自噬因子p-AMPK和LC3-Ⅱ的蛋白表达。由此推测黑果枸杞花青素可在体外抑制人肝癌HepG2细胞增殖和迁移,并促进人肝癌HepG2细胞发生自噬。     

粪菌移植对高原环境下SD大鼠体质量、血常规指标及肠道菌群的影响

目的 探究粪菌移植对低海拔动物的高原适应性的影响。方法 将30只雄性SD大鼠随机分为3组，每组10只，即模拟高原环境组（H组）、模拟高原环境+抗生素预处理组（HA组）及模拟高原环境+抗生素预处理+高原鼢鼠粪菌组（HAM组）。粪菌移植结束，持续饲养3周后，将所有组大鼠转移至模拟海拔6 000 m环境低压氧舱饲养30 d。测定粪菌移植对SD大鼠体质量、血常规指标及肠道菌群的影响。结果 HAM组、HA组和H组3组大鼠间平均日采食量比较差异无统计学意义（F=2.928,P>0.05）,H组大鼠平均日增重显著低于HA组、 HAM组（F=3.951, P<0.05）; HA组大鼠中性粒细胞数量较H组、HAM组分别上升7.85%和51.27%,HA组大鼠单核细胞数、单核细胞百分比显著高于H组、HAM组（F=5.131、4.325，均P<0.05）;HAM组、HA组和H组大鼠肠道菌群的优势菌门以拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）、厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）为主。HAM组大鼠肠道菌群的毛螺菌科（Lachnospiraceae）的相对丰度显著高于HA组、H组（F=8.545, ...