以反意义RNA为探针的原位杂交组织化学方法

原位杂交组织化学方法是在组织及细胞水平上研究基因表达及调控的重要方法之一。我们利用一个由体外转录产生的与小鼠阿黑促皮原(POMC)mRNA顺序互补的反意义RNA为探针,直接在大鼠垂体的组织切片上进行杂交反应。结果表明,杂交在反意义RNA探针及POMC mRNA之间进行,并形成稳定的杂交分子。放射自显影影像显示出垂体中POMC mRNA的分布及相对含量。     

RFLP诊断方法的改进

RFLP(限制性片段长度多态)技术应用于遗传病的诊断始于1981年。在十年时间里,这一基因诊断技术和分析方法不断得到发展和改进。随着越来越多的致病基因和连锁DNA多态片段的分离和克隆,该技术在分析缺陷基因性质,携带者检出和产前诊断等方面将发挥重要作用.然而,RFLP技术复杂,耗费时间和费用较大,使其向临床推广应用面临很大局限性。因此,基因诊断的方法简化和技术改进大有必要。1985年首创的多聚酶链     

透明颤菌血红蛋白的表达及其对基因工程菌的影响

利用已克隆的透明颤菌血红蛋白基因,构建了一批复制类型和抗生标记不同的ｖｇｂ表达载体,并就ｖｇｂ基因表达及其对几种基因工程大肠杆菌的影响进行了初步研究。实验证明ｖｇｂ基因的表达具有氧调控特性,在溶氧水平下跌至２０％饱和度时迅速合成。ｖｇｂ基因的表达产物可促进青霉素酰化酶和ＴＮＦ、ＩＬ－２等基因工程菌在低氧条件下细胞生长和产物表达的状况,由于ｖｇｂ基因的表达降低了细胞对氧的敏感程度,可望运用它来改善发     

新的热带假丝酵母载体-宿主系统的建立

热带假丝酵母(Candida tropicalis)是一种可以利用多种非糖碳源代谢的微生物,在石油发酵、石油化工生产领域已得到长期应用^[1]。随着分子生物学研究技术的发展。通过代谢工程技术改变热带假丝酵母的代谢途径和流向．发展出能够把石油中的烃类物质发酵转化成各种重要化工原料、中间体的新型生产菌株,已普遍受到国内外研究机构的重视。另一方面,热带假丝酵母具有细胞生长密度高,分泌蛋白能力强等特点,可以发展成一个重要的异源蛋白表达体系。建立稳定高效的热带假丝酵母载体一宿主系统是实现上述构想的前提和关键。迄今为止,在热带假丝酵母细胞内尚未发现能游离于染色体外自主复制的天然质粒存在。目前已有20余种热带假丝酵母基因被克隆和鉴定。大部分与热带假丝酵母的氧化代谢过程有关,其中5个过氧物酶体蛋白基因的结构和2个细胞色素P450系统基因的表达调控规律巳被阐明^[2-5],与DNA复制过程有关的基因或功能序列均未见报道。本文研究和探索Candida属其他微生物基因元件在热带假酵母中的功能作用,选用热带假丝酵母细胞色素P450单加氧酶基因的启动子和侧翼调控序列^[3],构建了一套新的热带假丝酵母载体一宿主系统,并成功地表达了小鼠CYPlAl基因。     

原核细胞复制和表达调控

原核基因调控研究曾是分子生物学的先导,现在仍是分子生物学的一个十分活跃和重要的研究领域。原核基因的调控主要发生在复制、转录和翻译三个水平。这三个过程的主要调控点都在起始阶段。 1 DNA复制调控 DNA复制调控研究起始于复制蛋白质的研究。通过遗传和生化研究鉴别了参与大肠杆菌染色体复制的蛋白质并阐明其功能,包括起始蛋白质,复制蛋白质和专一性蛋白质。起始蛋白质参与转录活化,复制起始点的识别并形成复制体起始复制,包括     

A practical guide to amplicon and metagenomic analysis of microbiome data

Advances in high-throughput sequencing(HTS)have fostered rapid developments in the field of microbiome research,and massive microbiome datasets are now being generated.However,the diversity of software tools and the complexity of analysis pipelines make it difficult to access this field.Here,we systematically summarize the advantages and limitations of micro-biome methods.Then,we recommend specific pipelines for amplicon and metagenomic analyses,and describe commonly-used software and databases,to help researchers select the appropriate tools.Furthermore,we introduce statistical and visualization methods suit-able for microbiome analysis,including alpha-and beta-diversity,taxonomic composition,difference compar-isons,correlation,networks,machine learning,evolu-tion,source tracing,and common visualization styles to help researchers make informed choices.Finally,a step-by-step reproducible analysis guide is introduced.We hope this review will allow researchers to carry out data analysis more effectively and to quickly select the appropriate tools in order to efficiently mine the bio-logical significance behind the data.     

Is oral microbiome of children able to maintain resistance and functional stability in response to short-term interference of ingesta?

Dear Editor, A series of studies had focused on the ecological stability of human microbiome (Lozupone et al.,2012;Faith et al.,2013;Moya and Ferrer,2016).Despite the continuous perturbation and the highly personalized composition within the human microbiome (Human Microbiome Project,2012),healthy adults stably maintain their microbial communities in terms of space and time (Faith et al.,2013;Moya and Ferrer,2016;Oh et al.,2016).This stability is proved to be critical for the well-being of human body (Lozupone et al.,2012).On the contrary,major shifts in microbial community composition are often related to diseases (Lynch and Pedersen,2016).     

Nanometer distance measurements in RNA using site-directed spin labeling

The method of site-directed spin labeling (SDSL) utilizes a stable nitroxide radical to obtain structural and dynamic information on biomolecules. Measuring dipolar interactions between pairs of nitroxides yields internitroxide distances, from which quantitative structural information can be derived. This study evaluates SDSL distance measurements in RNA using a nitroxide probe, designated as R5, which is attached in an efficient and cost-effective manner to backbone phosphorothioate sites that are chemically substituted in arbitrary sequences. It is shown that R5 does not perturb the global structure of the A-form RNA helix. Six sets of internitroxide distances, ranging from 20 to 50 A, were measured on an RNA duplex with a known X-ray crystal structure. The measured distances strongly correlate (R(2) = 0.97) with those predicted using an efficient algorithm for determining the expected internitroxide distances from the parent RNA structure. The results enable future studies of global RNA structures for which high-resolution structural data are absent.