灭蚊真菌－贵阳腐霉对植物的安全性试验

The aim of this study is to investigate whether Pythium guiyangense, a mosquito-killing fungus isolated in Guiyang, Guizhou Province of China in 1994, is pathogenic to plants. Six common crops, Cucumis sativa, Lycopersicon esculentum, Capsicum annuum, Nicotiana tabacum, Brassica campestris and Oryza sativa were used as subjects for test. Zoospores of the fungus were used to infect the plants with soil inoculation method, caudex injection method and foliage spray method. Both positive control (using P. aphanidermatum) and negative control (using sterile water) were set up in all the experiments. The results showed that no infection was found on the tested plants in soil inoculation experiments. In caudex injection test, callus grew around the wounded tissue in most of the plants. Brownish rottenness could be found only in the injected wounds in a few plants, probably caused by saprophytic bacteria or other fungi, and the germ-carrying plants grew normally. No abnormal appearance was found on the six crops in foliage spray test. It was demonstrated that P. guiyangense could hardly infect plants in nature, and was a safe and promising agent for mosquito biological control.     

1株曲霉属真菌(Aspergillus sp.)固体发酵对金银花及叶的活性成分影响

木犀草苷具有很高的应用价值。为了提高金银花中木犀草苷的含量,利用从野生冬虫夏草周围环境中分离的1株曲霉属真菌GL625对金银花进行固体发酵,并分析测定金银花中主要活性成分木犀草苷等的变化。以大米-金银花、大米-金银花叶为底物进行固体发酵15 d后,将发酵产物用95%乙醇超声辅助提取。采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)分析金银花发酵前后指纹图谱差异性与活性成分的含量变化,通过双层平板打孔法比较金银花发酵前后95%乙醇提取物的抑菌活性差异。结果表明,金银花固体发酵后绿原酸和芦丁分别降低了20.14、1.73 mg/g,而木犀草苷发酵后增加了4.76 mg/g;物质a、b的含量也显著上升,在HPLC图中Rt=17.5 min后吸收峰明显丰富;金银花叶在发酵后绿原酸、芦丁同样分别降低了11.74、0.99 mg/g,而木犀草苷增加了5.07 mg/g;并且金银花发酵产物的95%乙醇提取物抑菌活性明显强于未发酵以及对照组。结果说明,GL625是一株能转化金银花提高木犀草苷的曲霉属真菌,且物质a、b含量的显著上升增强了抑菌活性。     

茂兰地区白茅丛枝菌根真菌多样性及其对紫花苜蓿的接种效应研究

对贵州省荔波茂兰国家自然保护区内优势草本植物白茅(Imperata cylindrica)根际丛枝菌根(Arbuscular Mycorrhizal,AM)真菌多样性,优势种对紫花苜蓿的接种效应进行研究。结果表明:AM真菌对白茅根系的菌根侵染率为91.3%,白茅根际土壤共分离AM真菌2属35种,其中球囊霉属(Glomus)18种,无梗囊霉属(Acaulos pora)17种,黑球囊霉(Glomus melanosporum)、聚生球囊霉(G.fasciculatum)、红色无梗囊霉(Acaulospora capcicula)为优势AM真菌。以三叶草扩繁优势菌种,接种紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa),均显著提高了生长量和超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide dismutase,SOD)、过氧化物酶(Peroxidase,POD)、过氧化氢酶(Catalase,CAT)活性。     

喀斯特典型地区烟管荚蒾AM真菌多样性研究

烟管荚蒾是喀斯特地区灌木丛的主要组成植物。以茂兰喀斯特森林为采样地点,对烟管荚蒾AM真菌进行了分离、鉴定与多样性分析,并对优势菌种进行初步的接种研究。结果表明:烟管荚蒾根系的菌根侵染率为82.1%,从根际土壤分离到AM真菌2属16种,球囊霉属(Glomus)7种,无梗囊霉属(Acaulospora)9种。优势种为根内球囊霉(Glomus intraradices)、皱壁无梗囊霉(Acaulospora rugosa)和刺无梗囊霉(A. spinosa)。优势菌种接种紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa),促生作用明显,并显著提高了SOD、POD和CAT酶活性。该研究对于探讨喀斯特地区AM真菌的多样性与独特性,筛选优良的宿主植物和与之高效共生的AM真菌具重要意义。     

金荞麦和苦荞麦抗菌活性内生真菌的筛选及鉴定

从药用植物金荞麦和苦荞麦的根、茎、叶、花中分离到62株内生真菌,并以金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)、大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)、枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)[CMCC(B)63501]、小麦赤霉病菌(Fusarium graminearum)、黄瓜枯萎病菌(Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cu-cumerinum)和绵腐病菌(Pythium aphanidermatum)6种微生物为指示菌对分离到的内生真菌进行抗菌活性检测。结果发现,分离的内生真菌菌株KQH-01、KQH-02和JQY-1的发酵醇提取物具有较好的抑菌活性。形态学特征和分子鉴定确定菌株KQH-01为炭角菌属(Xylaria sp.)真菌,菌株KQH-02为球毛壳菌(Chaetomium globosum),菌株JQY-1为葡萄座腔菌(Botryosphaeria dothidea)。     

灭蚊真菌一贵阳腐霉对植物的安全性试验

The aim of this study is to investigate whether Pythium guiyangense,a mosquito-killing fungus isolated in Guiyang,Guizhou Province of China in 1994,is pathogenic to plants.Six common crops,Cucumis sativa,Lycopersicon esculentum,Capsicum annuum,Nicotiana tabacum,Brassica campestris and Oryza sativa were used as subjects for test.Zoospores of the fungus were used to infect the plants with soil inoculation method,caudex injection method and foliage spray method.Both positive control(using P.aphanidermatum)and negative control(using sterile water)were set up in all the experiments.The results showed that no infection was found on the tested plants in soil inoculation experiments.In caudex injection test,callus grew around the wounded tissue in most of the plants.Brownish rottenness could be found only in the injected wounds in a few plants,probably caused by saprophytic bacteria or other fungi,and the germ-carrying plants grew normally.No abnormal appearance was found on the six crops in foliage spray test.It was demonstrated that P guiyangense could hardly infect plants in nature,and was a safe and promising agent for mosquito biological control.