抗旱作物上岗记

一边是水资源的严重短缺，一边是干旱导致的农业减产，无疑使世界粮食危机雪上加霜。水资源正成为世界多数国家制约农业发展的重要因素，培育“不怕渴”农作物品种成为摆在世界育种学家面前的共同难题，也是节水农业中最有效的技术手段。     

Mitosis and microtubule organizational changes in rice root-tip cells

The pattern of change of the microtubule cytoskeleton of the root-tip cells of rice during mitosis was studied using immunofluorescence technic and confocal laser scanning microscopy. All the major stages of ceil division including preprophase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase were observed. The most significant finding was that in the preprophase cells microtubules radiating from the nuclear surface to the cortex were frequently seen. During development these microtubules became closely associated with the preprophase band and prophase spindie indicating that the microtubules radiating from the nuclear surface, the preprophase band and the prophazc spindle were structurally and functionally closely related to each other. Granule-like anchorage sites for the radiating microtubules at the muclear surface were often seen and the possibility that these gramle-like anchorage sites might represent the microtubule organizing centres was discussed.     

A Technique to Analyse Succession Data from Permanent Plots

IIntroductionSuccessionstudyIsaspeclalfleldInvegetationecology（Greig—Smith1983）．ItreferstocummulatlvechangeInvegetationovertime．Florl幻IcgradientsIndicativeofsuccessionaltrendsmayemergefromconventionalordinationIfextrinsic！nformatlonallowsthemtobel－dentlfledassuch．Inthespedalcaseofforestvegetation,forInstance,Informationonthesize—classesoftreespedespresentmaypermitsuccessionalgradientslobeldentlfleddirectly（Goff1968,Carleton＆Maycock1978）．Fewauthors,however,haveattempted…     

Changes of intracellular Na+ concentration in erythrocytes caused by pulsed electrical field

Changes of sodium ionic concentration of human erythrocytes applied to pulsed electrical field (PEF) were studied by using shift reagent and NMR spectroscopy. The results show that the concentration of intracellular Na⁺ increases with the increasing intensity of PEF when the erythrocytes are applied to PEF with higher intensities. The relationship between intracellular Na concentrations and the intensities of PEF does not follow linear or exponen-tial behavior. As the intensities increase, the intracellular Na⁺concentrations increase even faster by an exponential curve. However under effects of PEF at lower intensities, intracellular Na⁺ concentration decreases. Ouabain can in-hibit the decrease of intracellular Na concentration, and the inhibition increases with the increasing concentration of ouabain, suggesting that Na⁺ , K⁺ -ATPase on cell membrane can be activated by PEF at lower intensities. Direct measurement of activities of the enzyme by using Malachite green method has confirmed this observation. Cell perme-abilities to ions, activation of enzymes by electrical fields and transmission of physical signals like PEF across cell mem-branes are discussed.     

饲料中发酵芝麻粕替代菜粕对草鱼生长性能、肠道形态和微生物及小肽转运相关基因表达的影响

实验以初重(99.98±0.69) g的草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)为研究对象, 研究饲料中发酵芝麻粕替代菜粕蛋白对草鱼生长性能、肠道形态和微生物以及小肽转运相关基因表达的影响。添加0、5%、10%和15%发酵芝麻粕分别替代菜粕蛋白0、11.8%、23.5%和35.1%, 配制4组等氮等脂的饲料, 分别为对照组、实验1组、实验2组和实验3组。实验在室内循环水养殖系统中进行, 每组3个重复, 每一重复饲喂20尾鱼, 每天饱食投喂2次, 实验共持续45d。结果发现: 各处理组间草鱼增重率、特定生长率和蛋白质效率均无显著差异, 实验1组和2组略高于对照组(P>0.05); 组间饵料系数也无显著差异, 实验1组和2组略低于对照组(P>0.05)。实验组草鱼肠绒毛高度均显著高于对照组(P<0.05), 而实验组隐窝深度小于对照组 (P>0.05), 绒毛高度与隐窝深度的比值(V/C)在实验组也显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。随着发酵芝麻粕替代比例的增加, 乳酸杆菌(Lactobacillus)和芽孢杆菌(Bacillus)占比显著上升(P<0.05), 而大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)和气单胞菌(Aeromonas)占比显著下降。小肽转运相关基因方面, 尾型同源盒基因2 (CDX2)、特异性蛋白1 (Sp1)和小肽转运蛋白1 (PepT1)基因mRNA相对表达量均随着发酵芝麻粕替代比例的增加呈现先显著上调后下调的趋势, 且均在实验1组时达到最大值(P<0.05)。综合考量鱼体生长性能、肠道黏膜形态、菌群及小肽转运相关基因表达方面, 草鱼饲料中发酵芝麻粕蛋白适宜替代菜粕蛋白的比例为11.8%—23.5%。     

3种卫矛属植物叶片秋冬季转色期生理生化特征研究

以疏花卫矛(Euonymus laxiflorus)、丝棉木(E.maackii)和卫矛(E.alatus)3种卫矛属植物为试验材料,测定叶片转色期叶色参数和相关生理生化指标,探讨各项指标的变化规律和内在联系,为优良色叶植物的筛选提供依据。结果表明:(1)转色期,疏花卫矛的明亮度参数L~*和色素参数b~*(黄/蓝)呈上升趋势,色素参数a~*(红/绿)变化不大;丝棉木的L~*和b~*呈先上升后下降的单峰曲线,a~*呈上升趋势;卫矛的L~*和b~*变化不大,a~*呈上升趋势。(2)3种植物的叶绿素含量在转色期呈明显下降趋势;疏花卫矛的花色素苷相对含量、花色素苷/叶绿素的值较为平稳,类胡萝卜素/叶绿素的值呈上升趋势;丝棉木和卫矛的花色素苷相对含量、花色素苷/叶绿素的值均呈上升趋势,类胡萝卜素/叶绿素的值保持平稳。(3)3种植物苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性呈下降趋势,查尔酮异构酶(CHI)活性呈先上升后下降的单峰曲线;卫矛的过氧化物酶(POD)和多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性保持平稳,疏花卫矛和丝棉木的POD活性呈上升趋势,疏花卫矛的PPO活性保持平稳,丝棉木的PPO活性呈下降趋势。(4)疏花卫矛和卫矛的可溶性糖和淀粉的质量分数呈先上升后下降的单峰曲线,丝棉木的可溶性糖和淀粉的质量分数呈上升趋势。(5)相关性分析显示,疏花卫矛呈现黄色主要是因为叶绿素的分解,丝棉木和卫矛呈现红色是因为花色素苷的合成,可溶性糖、淀粉、CHI对花色素苷的合成有一定作用,POD对叶片呈现红色有促进作用,PAL和PPO活性对花色素苷的合成无显著影响。     

美丽的草原，我的家

“敕勒川,阴山下,天似穹庐,笼盖四野。天苍苍,野茫茫,风吹草低见牛羊”。内蒙古自治区从东到西跨度达4000千米,自然条件复杂,生物种类丰富,植物群落和植被类型繁多。呈现森林、森林草原、典型草原、荒漠草原、荒漠、湿地等多种     

神奇的营养素

研究表明,人体需要大约40种维生素和矿物质。虽然人们吃下去丰富的食物,但获得的某些至关重要的维生素和矿物质却仍然太少。究竟什么样的合理饮食才能使人们生活得更好呢?     

沉浸雨林

作为中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园的研究生,第一年要到位于北京的研究生院完成理论学习。虽然是理论学习,但已经不再是看书、听课、考试的程式化生活了,除了课程,还要大量阅读国内外的专业文献,为学位论文的选题和论证做好准备。在堆积如山的文献面前,曾经认为很有新意的选题却早有研究报道了,要凝练     

群翔于花丛中的红衫小老虎

<正>英气逼人的红衫小老虎2006年五一的前几天,我在成都文殊院第一次看到了红头长尾山雀,一群,大约二十几只。红头长尾山雀一边觅食一边"吱吱吱"鸣叫——像银喉长尾山雀以及其他长尾山雀的尖细叫声。