抗旱作物上岗记

一边是水资源的严重短缺，一边是干旱导致的农业减产，无疑使世界粮食危机雪上加霜。水资源正成为世界多数国家制约农业发展的重要因素，培育“不怕渴”农作物品种成为摆在世界育种学家面前的共同难题，也是节水农业中最有效的技术手段。     

Mitosis and microtubule organizational changes in rice root-tip cells

The pattern of change of the microtubule cytoskeleton of the root-tip cells of rice during mitosis was studied using immunofluorescence technic and confocal laser scanning microscopy. All the major stages of ceil division including preprophase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase were observed. The most significant finding was that in the preprophase cells microtubules radiating from the nuclear surface to the cortex were frequently seen. During development these microtubules became closely associated with the preprophase band and prophase spindie indicating that the microtubules radiating from the nuclear surface, the preprophase band and the prophazc spindle were structurally and functionally closely related to each other. Granule-like anchorage sites for the radiating microtubules at the muclear surface were often seen and the possibility that these gramle-like anchorage sites might represent the microtubule organizing centres was discussed.     

A Technique to Analyse Succession Data from Permanent Plots

IIntroductionSuccessionstudyIsaspeclalfleldInvegetationecology（Greig—Smith1983）．ItreferstocummulatlvechangeInvegetationovertime．Florl幻IcgradientsIndicativeofsuccessionaltrendsmayemergefromconventionalordinationIfextrinsic！nformatlonallowsthemtobel－dentlfledassuch．Inthespedalcaseofforestvegetation,forInstance,Informationonthesize—classesoftreespedespresentmaypermitsuccessionalgradientslobeldentlfleddirectly（Goff1968,Carleton＆Maycock1978）．Fewauthors,however,haveattempted…     

Changes of intracellular Na+ concentration in erythrocytes caused by pulsed electrical field

Changes of sodium ionic concentration of human erythrocytes applied to pulsed electrical field (PEF) were studied by using shift reagent and NMR spectroscopy. The results show that the concentration of intracellular Na⁺ increases with the increasing intensity of PEF when the erythrocytes are applied to PEF with higher intensities. The relationship between intracellular Na concentrations and the intensities of PEF does not follow linear or exponen-tial behavior. As the intensities increase, the intracellular Na⁺concentrations increase even faster by an exponential curve. However under effects of PEF at lower intensities, intracellular Na⁺ concentration decreases. Ouabain can in-hibit the decrease of intracellular Na concentration, and the inhibition increases with the increasing concentration of ouabain, suggesting that Na⁺ , K⁺ -ATPase on cell membrane can be activated by PEF at lower intensities. Direct measurement of activities of the enzyme by using Malachite green method has confirmed this observation. Cell perme-abilities to ions, activation of enzymes by electrical fields and transmission of physical signals like PEF across cell mem-branes are discussed.     

不同耕作方式下水稻品种吉优716产量及氮素吸收利用对氮肥运筹的响应

研究在不同耕作方式和氮肥运筹模式下水稻产量形成及氮素吸收利用特点,为不同耕作方式下水稻氮肥的合理运筹提供理论依据。以吉优716为试验材料进行大〖JP2〗田试验,研究常耕与免耕2种耕作方式下3种施氮量（N0、N1、N2）和两种施氮方式（F1、F2）水稻产量及氮素吸收利用的变化。结果表明:免耕水稻和常耕水稻产量、干物质积累量和氮素积累利用对施氮水平运筹的响应基本一致,但对施氮方式运筹响应呈现不一致。随着施氮量的增加,水稻产量、干物质积累量和氮素积累量也随之升高,而干物质生产效率和氮肥农学利用率下降,穗部干物质比例随着施氮量的增加有减少的趋势;免〖JP〗耕和常耕下,重施穗肥有利于提高干物质积累量和氮素积累量;产量响应表现相反,免耕下重施穗肥有利于产量的提高,而常耕下重施基蘖肥有利于产量的提高。     

小桐子果壳杀虫活性部位的分离及其HPLC MS分析

为寻找小桐子果壳的杀虫活性物质,以小桐子果壳乙醇粗提物的正丁醇萃取相为实验材料,对其采用硅胶柱反复柱层析,同时对各阶段分离产物进行活性追踪,筛选出具有杀虫作用的活性部位WD1,最后采用HPLC MS分析,初步鉴定出活性部位主体成分。结果表明,WD1活性组分在浓度为8 g?L 1时,对桃蚜(Myzus persicae）和菜青虫（Pieris rapae）的24 h（72 h）校正死亡率均大于70%,显示出极高的毒杀活性。通过对WD1进行HPLC MS分析,鉴定了含量较高的7个化合物,为总量的80.72%,初步鉴定为2a,3a,24 三羟基 12 20(30) 〖JP2〗二烯 28 乌索酸、环辛肽B、牡荆素、松香烷二萜、麻疯树酚酮A、Curcusone A或Curcusone B。     

冬虫夏草菌丝状菌源增殖培养的研究

冬虫夏草菌是珍稀濒危名贵中药材冬虫夏草的无性型菌种,是侵染蝠蛾幼虫的唯一菌种,其侵染后形成名贵中药材冬虫夏草。冬虫夏草菌在不同营养及条件下生长形态不同,主要有丝状体和菌球体两种生长形态。冬虫夏草菌丝状菌体能够侵染蝠蛾幼虫,有可能作为一种新的接种体被广泛应用;但丝状菌体对营养要求苛刻、生长缓慢、菌丝体得率低的特点,阻碍了冬虫夏草菌丝状菌体作为侵染蝠蛾幼虫的接种体的开发及应用,从而阻碍了冬虫夏草人工培殖产业化的进程。为了提高冬虫夏草菌丝状菌体的生物表达量,本文对营养及培养条件进行了优化研究,得出了最佳条件为:葡萄糖质量浓度40 g/L、酵母粉质量浓度65 g/L、培养温度17℃、MgSO_4质量浓度3 g/L、KH_2PO_4质量浓度1.5 g/L、培养时间12 d,按最优培养条件,冬虫夏草菌丝状菌体干重得率15.67 g/L,为下一步新的接种体的制备提供菌源保障。     

美丽的草原，我的家

“敕勒川,阴山下,天似穹庐,笼盖四野。天苍苍,野茫茫,风吹草低见牛羊”。内蒙古自治区从东到西跨度达4000千米,自然条件复杂,生物种类丰富,植物群落和植被类型繁多。呈现森林、森林草原、典型草原、荒漠草原、荒漠、湿地等多种     

神奇的营养素

研究表明,人体需要大约40种维生素和矿物质。虽然人们吃下去丰富的食物,但获得的某些至关重要的维生素和矿物质却仍然太少。究竟什么样的合理饮食才能使人们生活得更好呢?     

沉浸雨林

作为中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园的研究生,第一年要到位于北京的研究生院完成理论学习。虽然是理论学习,但已经不再是看书、听课、考试的程式化生活了,除了课程,还要大量阅读国内外的专业文献,为学位论文的选题和论证做好准备。在堆积如山的文献面前,曾经认为很有新意的选题却早有研究报道了,要凝练