Triacylbenzenes and long-chain volatile ketones from Cochlospermum tinctorium rhizome

The composition of the volatile fraction from Cochlospermum tinctorium rhizome was investigated by GC and GC-MS; among 11 constituents detected, eight were identified as straight chain ketonic compounds. In addition, five triacylbenzenes were isolated from a petrol extract of the rhizome, separated by HPLC and identified by their spectral data.     

单芽狗脊营养器官的解剖学研究

采用离析法和石蜡切片法对单芽狗脊营养器官进行形态解剖研究。结果表明：单芽狗脊叶为异面叶,上、下表皮细胞均为不规则型,仅下表皮有气孔器分布;叶柄维管束有2~6个,自叶柄基部向上至叶轴仅有2个较大的维管束;根状茎薄壁细胞之间有多个维管束散生分布,且富含丰富的淀粉粒;皮层在根的横切结构中占比较大,木质部的发育方式为外始式;单芽狗脊珠芽的发育过程分为三个阶段,珠芽原基的形成期、珠芽原基的分化期、成熟期。     

扎龙湿地芦苇种群不同龄级根茎构件的季节动态

克隆植物根茎具有营养繁殖和扩展种群的功能,也是芽和分株生理整合的通道。根茎构件具有出生、死亡及年龄等种群统计特征,不同龄级根茎的季节动态可以反映根茎的存活和衰老过程。采用单位土体挖掘取样,对扎龙湿地4个生境芦苇种群根茎构件进行野外调查,比较不同龄级根茎长度、生物量和干物质贮量的季节动态。结果表明:7—10月份,1a根茎长度、生物量和干物质贮量均呈指数函数增加,在生长季中后期有一个持续时间较长的生长和物质积累时期。6—10月份,2a、3a根茎长度呈线性函数增加,4—6a根茎长度呈线性函数减少;2—4a根茎生物量和2—5a根茎干物质贮量呈二次函数先减少后增加,5a、6a根茎生物量和6a根茎干物质贮量呈幂函数减少。整个生长期内,根茎长度和根茎生物量均以3a最大,根茎长度以最高的6a最小,根茎生物量以最低的1a最小;根茎干物质储量以5a最大,以最低的1a最小。4个生境芦苇种群根茎长度、生物量和干物质贮量在龄级间的差异及差异序位稳定,在新根茎的产生、老根茎的存活以及根茎寿命与养分消耗和储藏上均具有稳定的生物学特性,不同龄级根茎在种群中的地位和作用以及对种群的贡献不同。     

长期淹水环境下河竹鞭根系统形态、生物量和养分的适应性调节

为揭示长期淹水环境下基于形态、生物量和养分的河竹鞭根系统的生长策略,为河竹在水湿地和江河湖库消落带植被恢复中的应用提供参考,调查测定了人工喷灌供水和淹水处理3、6、12个月的河竹一年生竹鞭及其根系的形态和生理生化指标,分析了河竹鞭和鞭根形态特征和生物量分配及鞭根系统的养分吸收与平衡.结果表明: 长期淹水对河竹鞭节长、鞭径和土中根根径并无明显影响.淹水3个月整体上对鞭的形态特征影响小,水中翘鞭较少,但一定程度上抑制了根的生长.随着淹水时间的延长,水中鞭、根大量生长,同时促进了土中鞭、根的生长,但土中、水中鞭生物量和土中根生物量占总生物量的比例变化并不明显,而水中根生物量/总生物量和水中根生物量/土中根生物量显著升高,体现出河竹可以通过鞭根系统的生长调节和生物量合理分配来逐步适应淹水环境.长期淹水整体上降低了河竹土中根的根系活力,抑制了土中根对养分的吸收,但对土中根养分化学计量比的影响较小,而使水中根的根系活力显著增强,养分化学计量比产生明显的适应性调节,N/P升高,N/K和P/K降低.水中根不仅起到氧气吸收功能,还具有较强的养分吸收功能.这是河竹有效适应淹水环境的生长策略之一.     

藕节止血作用研究

本实验通过测定毛细管凝血时间(CT)、剪尾法出血时间(BT)、活化部分凝血酶时间(APTT)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、凝血酶时间(TT)、优球蛋白溶解时间(ELT)等指标研究藕节醇提物及其不同极性段的体内止血作用.结果表明,藕节醇提物显著缩短小鼠CT、BT,显示很好的止血作用,可能是主要通过缩短APTT、PT,延长ELT...     

Morphology and biomass production of prairie cordgrass on marginal lands

Prairie cordgrass (Spartina pectinata Link.) is indigenous throughout most of the continental United States and Canada to 60°N latitude and is well suited to marginal land too wet for maize (Zea mays L.) and switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.). Evaluations of prairie cordgrass in Europe and North America indicated it has high potential for biomass production, relative to switchgrass, in short‐season areas. Our objective was to describe morphology and biomass production and partitioning in mature stands of ‘Red River’ prairie cordgrass and determine biomass production of natural populations on marginal land. This study was conducted from 2000 to 2008 in eastern South Dakota. Mean biomass production of mature stands of Red River was 12.7 Mg ha^?1. Leaves composed >88% of the biomass, and 60% of the tillers had no internodes. Belowground biomass to a depth of approximately 25 cm, not including roots, was 21 Mg ha^?1. Tiller density ranged from 683 tillers m^?2 for a 10‐year‐old stand to 1140 tillers m^?2 for a 4‐year‐old stand. The proaxis was composed of about eight phytomers, with rhizomes originating at proximal nodes and erect tillers at distal nodes. Vegetative propagation was achieved by both phalanx and guerilla growth. Differences among natural populations for biomass were expressed on gravelly marginal land. However, production, averaged across populations, was low (1.37 Mg ha^?1) and comparable to ‘Cave‐In‐Rock’ switchgrass (1.67 Mg ha^?1) over a 4‐year period. The large carbon storage capacity of prairie cordgrass in proaxes and rhizomes makes it useful for carbon sequestration purposes. Prairie cordgrass should be compared with switchgrass and other C₄ perennial grasses along environmental gradients to determine optimum landscape positions for each and to maximize bioenergy production and minimize inputs.     

复方虎杖高效液相色谱指纹图谱的研究

采用高效液相色谱法,建立了复方虎杖指纹图谱的分析方法。色谱条件为：ZORBAX C18（150mm×4．6mm,5um）,检测波长310nm,柱温：25℃,流动相：甲醇（0～85％）：5％乙酸溶液（100％-15％）,梯度洗脱70min。通过分析,确立了复方虎杖指纹图谱的22个共有峰。10批样不同产地的药材指纹图谱具有较好的相似度。该方法准确可靠,重复性好,可用于复方虎杖药材及其制剂的质量控制。     

Callus culture and an unconventional pattern of sporophyte regeneration in Drynaria quercifolia—A medicinal fern

Summary Callus induction and regeneration studies were carried out on a medicinal fern, Drynaria quercifolia native to Asian countries. It is a seasonal fern that regenerates only during the monsoons. Callus was induced on Knop’s (1865) medium supplemented with 20 gl⁻¹ sucrose, 8gl⁻¹ agar, and either 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T), 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid (picloram), or indole-3-butyric acid at different concentrations. Morphogenetic callus obtained on 5 mgl⁻¹ 2,4,5-T was subcultured onto solid and liquid media (shaken flask and discontinuously stirred bioreactor cultures) for callus proliferation and regeneration studies. A significant amount of sporophyte regeneration was observed on solid medium containing 10 mgl⁻¹ 6-(δ, δ-dimethylallylamino) purine (2iP). Sporophyte regeneration from callus followed an atypical pattern of development. Leafy structures of single-cell thickness with a microrhizome were formed as sporophyte initials. Prolonged cultures of these structures resulted in the formation of juvenile sporophytes in vitro. The use of liquid media resulted in increased biomass in culture. The present study is the first report of a successful system for callus production and regeneration of sporophytes from leafy structures in ferns. The method can be successfully applied for generation of biomass of D. quercifolia, throughout the year.     

Ramet Demography of a Clonal Invader, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Arundo donax</Emphasis> (Poaceae), in Southern California

Arundo donax L. is a rhizomatous perennial, asexually reproducing species that has invaded riparian habitats throughout Mediterranean climate zones. This research evaluated ramet demography of A. donax in two California riparian communities that differed in nitrogen availability. Quadrats were established along 100 m transects at each site and oriented across the advancing fronts of established populations. Morphology and phenology were assessed monthly over 1 year for calculation of demographic parameters and rhizomes were excavated and mapped at the end of the experiment. A. donax exhibited seasonal patterns of recruitment but no dormancy at the high nitrogen site, while at the low nitrogen site no recruitment occurred in the winter and maximum recruitment was delayed by a month relative to the high nitrogen site. Spread of A. donax was delayed until spring and lower overall in the low nitrogen site compared to the high nitrogen site, where lower initial density, greater production of shoots, and higher linear and areal addition indicated that this population was spreading more rapidly. Temperature and precipitation influenced seasonality and amount of recruitment of A. donax in this study. Several recently established, immature clumps were found in gaps at the low nitrogen site, likely due to flood-mediated dispersal of propagules. Recruitment in these clumps occurred from shoot buds, in contrast to the mature populations that reproduced from rhizome buds. Ecologically based management strategies for A. donax and other exotic species should account for differences such as those described here and be tailored to local conditions where the species occurs.