Rice Crinkly4 receptor-like kinase positively regulates culm elongation and amino acid K532 is not essential for its kinase activity

Receptor-like kinases (RLKs) play important roles in multiple aspects of plant growth and development. As a member of the TNFR-like RLK subfamily, rice Crinkly4 (OsCR4) functions mainly in epidermal cell differentiation in many organs. Here we show that in addition to its essential role in epidermal cell differentiation in the palea and lemma, OsCR4 positively regulates rice culm elongation, similar to maize CR4. Although OsCR4 is an active kinase, like CR4 in maize and ACR4 in Arabidopsis, the conserved amino acid K532 in OsCR4 is not essential for its kinase activity in vitro. Whether other conserved amino acids are required for its kinase activity and the relationship between its activity and function in plant development remain to be investigated.     

水、旱条件下水稻茎秆主要抗倒伏性状的QTL分析

以粳型旱稻IRAT109和粳型水稻越富杂交的116个DH株系的群体为材料,利用已构建的分子标记连锁图(包括94个RFLP标记和71个SSR标记),定位了水稻茎秆主要抗倒伏性状的QTL。在水田、旱田栽培条件下,考查了乳熟期DH系及其亲本的茎基粗、茎秆长及茎秆强度等性状。相关分析表明,茎基粗与茎秆长、茎基粗与茎秆强度及茎秆长与茎秆强度间均呈极显著正相关。利用QTLMAPPER进行水、旱田单环境定位分析及水、旱田联合定位分析定位了控制这些性状的QTL。水、旱田单环境定位分析结果表明：3个性状共检测到9个加性QTL和5对上位性QTL;联合定位分析表明：茎基粗、茎秆长共检测到6个加性QTL和6对上位性QTL,其中6个加性QTL和1对上位性QTL在两种方法下都检测到。旱田条件下检测到2个加性及2对上位性QTL(bctla、ct9、c16a-c16c和cs5-cs12)对表型变异的贡献率(简称贡献率)大于30％。这些高贡献率QTL可能对旱田条件下旱稻抗倒伏分子育种有重要意义。     

江苏省不同种植年限的西/甜瓜农田土壤线虫群落特征

在江苏省主要西/甜瓜产区,采集不同种植年限的西/甜瓜农田土壤,采用线虫形态学的鉴定方法,分析了不同种植年限西/甜瓜农田土壤线虫的数量、群落结构及相关生态指数的变化。结果表明:所有调查样点中,共发现土壤线虫54属,平均682条·100 g^-1干土,其中原杆属线虫、拟丽突属线虫和矮化属线虫在不同种植年限的西/甜瓜农田土壤中均为优势属;随着种植年限的增加,土壤线虫的总数量虽无显著变化,但其中食细菌类线虫和杂食-捕食类线虫数量显著减少,而植物寄生类线虫数量显著增加;植物寄生类线虫中的矮化属、根结属线虫数量不断增加;随着种植年限的增加,土壤线虫的多样性指数(H)、瓦斯乐斯卡指数(WI)、自由生活线虫成熟度指数(MI)显著降低,线虫通道指数(NCR)、植物寄生线虫成熟度指数(PPI)、PPI/MI显著升高,其他指数无显著变化;相关性分析结果显示,土壤线虫数量与土壤pH、速效磷、有效锌和有效硼均呈显著正相关;土壤p H、有机质、全氮、速效钾、有效硼和有效锌对土壤优势属线虫的影响较大;连续种植西/甜瓜会增加土壤植物寄生类线虫数量,进而可能造成西/甜瓜连作障碍的发生;连续种植6~10年,土壤线虫的多样性最低、稳定性最差,土壤环境已趋于恶化。     

一个籼稻脆性突变体的生物学特性及基因定位研究

水稻脆性突变体是研究细胞壁组分结构形成机制的重要材料。通过离子束诱变籼稻9311获得1个茎秆、叶片均脆的突变体,命名为bc9311-1。bc9311-1突变体与野生型9311相比,分蘖数减少,结实率显著降低,其他农艺性状无明显差异。叶片和茎秆的细胞壁成分分析表明,与野生型相比,bc9311-1突变体茎秆中的纤维素和木质素含量明显降低,半纤维素和SiO2含量显著增加;叶片中的纤维素含量降低,半纤维素和木质素含量增加,SiO2含量无明显差异。遗传分析表明,该脆性突变体脆性性状受单隐性基因控制。以bc9311-1突变体与02428杂交的F2群体为基因定位群体,利用SSR标记将bc9311-1突变位点定位在水稻第1染色体上,位于SSR分子标记的RM1095和RM3632之间,遗传距离分别为0.6cM和3.4cM,与其中的标记RM1183表现共分离。这些结果为进一步克隆突变基因,揭示脆性性状的分子机制奠定坚实基础。     

Anatomical and Chemical Alterations but not Photosynthetic Dynamics and Apoplastic Transport Changes are Involved in the Brittleness Culm Mutation of Rice

Brittleness culm is an important agronomic trait that has a potential usefulness in agricultural activity as animal forage although the developmental mechanism is not clear yet. In the present study, the anatomical and chemical characteristics as well as some ecophysiological features in the brittleness culm mutation of rice (Oryza sativa L.) were investigated. Compared with the wild type (WT), the brittleness culm mutant (bcm) exhibited higher culm vascular bundle distance and lower culm wall thickness, leaf interveinal distance and leaf thickness. Ratio of bundle sheath cell/whole bundle and areas of whole vascular bundles and bundle sheath of leaves were reduced while ratios of xylem and phloem to whole bundles were elevated in bcm. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy analysis and further histochemical and physiological measurements revealed that the different contents and depositions of cell wall components such as pectins, lignin, suberin and cellulose all participated in the mutation of brittleness. However, the mutant presented no significant changes in leaf photosynthetic dynamics and apoplastic transport ability. These results strongly indicate that the alterations in anatomical and chemical characteristics, rather than changes in major ecophysiological features such as photosynthesis and apoplastic transport were involved in the brittleness mutation of rice.     

The morphology,taxonomy and evolution ofRhodocoma (Restionaceae)

The vegetative and reproductive morphology, culm and rhizome anatomy and seed surface micromorphology ofRhodocoma are described. It is shown that this variation is best contained by recognizing three new species in the genus. These new taxa are described, and the phylogeny of the genus is investigated by cladistic analysis. The environmental parameters and distributions of the species are related to the cladogram. This suggests that the species are at present ecologically separated, and indicates that the speciation may have been sympatric. This is the first support for the hypothesis that sympatric speciation may have been important in the speciose Cape flora.     

麻竹材化学成分的变异

麻竹(ＤｅｎｄｒｏｃａｌａｍｕｓｌａｔｉｆｌｏｒｕｓＭｕｎｒｏ)是我国南方著名笋竹两用竹种,竹秆粗大通直,大量用于制浆造纸,是我国纸浆材培育的主要竹种之一。化学成分是研究竹材材性的基础和竹材利用的依据。有关麻竹材化学成分的研究未见报道。本文应用正交试验方?..     

水稻脆杆突变体bcm581-1茎杆形态结构观察、理化测定和遗传分析

在根癌农杆菌介导的Ds转座因子转化的水稻株系中,发现了脆杆突变体bcm581-1.经Basta除草剂抗性检测和PCR检测,这个脆杆突变不是由Ds转座因子插入引起;通过光学显微镜观察发现突变体的小维管束数目多于对照,小维管束之间的凹陷比对照深,而皮层纤维细胞层数少于对照;扫描电镜观察发现突变体表皮细胞外侧的硅质没有对照丰富.虽然,单位面积内的细胞数与对照相近.但是,突变体的细胞壁薄,维管束内纤维细胞壁的加厚程度也低于对照.因此,细胞腔明显比对照大.茎杆的力学测定结果表明突变体的载荷低于对照9.6倍;延伸低5.4倍;延伸率低6.9倍;应力低6倍.茎杆的相对含水量和粗纤维含量测定表明突变体的含水量高于对照3.5%,粗纤维含量则低于对照8.12%.bcm581-1与中花11号杂交试验显示,F1植株全部正常,F2群体中,正常杆和脆杆以31分离,以中花11号为回交亲本的F1B1植株,表现正常;而以脆杆为回交亲本的F1B1植株,正常茎杆和脆杆则以11分离,结果表明bcm581-1的茎杆变脆是受隐性单基因控制的突变.     

钩梢强度对麻竹生物量分配和生理特性的影响

以不钩梢为对照,对笋期内麻竹进行轻度、中度、重度钩梢处理,研究各钩梢处理立竹构件生物量分配、当年生枝条和商品叶生长,以及净光合速率(P_n)、蒸腾速率(T_r)、水分利用效率(WUE)和叶片水势(LWP)等的变化,分析麻竹对营林措施中钩梢强度的适应机制和生存策略.结果表明: 与对照相比,钩梢处理对麻竹生物量及分配影响显著,3个处理麻竹立竹的叶/枝、叶/秆、枝/秆生物量比均显著高于对照.轻度钩梢和中度钩梢处理当年生枝条数量、基径、长度均显著大于对照,其中,中度钩梢处理当年生枝条基径、数量、长度和商品叶数量分别比对照增加43.0%、53.3%、29.8%和39.5%.各钩梢处理麻竹P_n、T_r、WUE、LWP在笋期内大小为出笋盛期>末期>初期;钩梢后麻竹的P_n、T_r和WUE显著提高,其中,各处理出笋盛期和末期的P_n大小为中度钩梢>轻度钩梢>重度钩梢>对照,且出笋盛期和末期的P_n分别是对照的1.4和1.3倍.各处理出笋初期、盛期和末期的T_r均为重度钩梢>中度钩梢>轻度钩梢>对照.中度钩梢处理对麻竹立竹的生物量分配、商品叶产量和生理特性均有明显优势,并能有效提高麻竹立竹的水分可获得性.