超声联合CEA和CA15-3检测对乳腺癌的诊断价值

目的:研究彩色多普勒超声联合癌胚抗原(CEA)和糖链抗原15-3(CA15-3)检测在乳腺癌诊断中的价值。方法:选取我院2010年2月~2011年1月的98例乳腺肿块患者,患者均行彩色多普勒超声检查,采用化学发光免疫法检测血清CEA、CA-153水平,并结合常规活检和术后诊断进行统计学分析。对比三者联合检测与单一检测的敏感性、准确性。结果:彩色多普勒超声、血清CEA、CA15-3检查及三者联合检查诊断乳腺癌的敏感性、准确性分别为86.11%、30.56%、47.22%、97.22%和88.78%、73.47%、77.55%、94.90%,联合检查的准确性、敏感性高于单一检查,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:彩色多普勒超声检测方法联合CEA、CA15-3检查可提升乳腺癌诊断的准确性和敏感性,降低漏诊率。     

Gastrocnemius medialis muscle architecture and physiological cross sectional area in adult males with Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Objectives:

To describe muscle size and architecture of the gastrocnemius medialis (GM) muscle in eleven adult males with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD, age 24.5±5.4 years), and a control group of eleven males without DMD (CTRL, age 22.1±0.9 years).

Methods:

GM anatomical cross sectional area (ACSA), volume (VOL), physiological cross sectional area (PCSA), fascicle length (Lf) and pennation angle (θ) were assessed using B-Mode Ultrasonography. GM ACSA was measured at 25, 50 and 75% of muscle length (Lm), from which VOL was calculated. At 50% of Lm, sagittal plane images were analysed to determine GM Lf and θ. GM PCSA was calculated as VOL/Lf. The ratio of Lf and Lm was also calculated.

Results:

GM ACSA at 50% Lm, VOL and PCSA were smaller in DMD males compared to CTRL males by 36, 47 and 43%, respectively (P<0.01). There were no differences in Lf and θ. GM Lm was 29% shorter in DMD compared to CTRL. Lf/Lm was 29% longer in DMD (P<0.01).

Conclusions:

Unlike previous data in children with DMD, our results show significant atrophy in adult males with DMD, and no change in Lf or θ. The shorter Lm may have implications for joint flexibility.     

脐血管前置产前超声表现及临床效果分析

目的:研究脐血管前置产前超声表现及临床效果。方法:回顾性分析2017年1月至2018年12月期间本院收治的34例脐血管前置孕妇临床资料,均进行产前超声检查,将结果与产后病理结果进行比较,分析超声表现。结果:同产后病理检查结果相比较,34例孕妇的产前超声诊断准确率、误诊率分别为97.06%、2.94%,数据对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),产前超声检查显示的胎盘及脐带入口情况主要为帆状胎盘、脐带胎盘边缘附着、边缘性前置胎盘、低置性前置胎盘、副胎盘等。结论:产前超声检查具有较高的脐血管前置诊断准确率,可为临床分娩结局的改善提供指导,适合推广应用在临床中。     

B超对恒河猴子宫内膜周期性变化的监测分析

目的应用B超技术对恒河猴子宫内膜周期性变化进行实时监测。方法采用Aloka 3.5 mHz探头的B超仪,分别对6只性成熟的正常雌性恒河猴进行连续3个月经周期(n=18)的子宫内膜的周期性变化的实时测量,同时进行连续2个周期(n=12)的血清雌二醇E2及孕酮P的放射免疫检测分析。结果恒河猴子宫内膜厚度变化呈周期性。在滤泡期(月经周期的第-9~0天),B超图像表现为子宫内膜区域相对子宫肌层区域回声较低(较黑),子宫内膜厚度呈线性增长(r=0.88);黄体期(月经周期的第0~17天),B超图像表现为子宫内膜区域光点增强为强回声,子宫内膜厚度无明显增长。子宫内膜周期性变化与血清E2及P相关,子宫内膜线性增长最大值出现时间与E2分泌最高峰出现时间相一致。结论B型超声监测技术(ultrasound examination,US)作为一种有用的手段,能实时监测恒河猴子宫内膜周期性变化。     

超声检查参数联合血清VEGF、Tg、Gal-1对甲状腺癌的诊断价值及其与淋巴结转移的关系

摘要 目的：探讨超声检查参数联合血清血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）、甲状腺球蛋白（Tg）、半乳糖血凝素-1（Gal-1）对于甲状腺癌的临床诊断价值及其与淋巴结转移的关系。方法：回顾性分析2017年6月至2020年6月入我院就诊的158例甲状腺肿瘤患者的临床资料。77例甲状腺癌患者纳入恶性组,81例甲状腺腺瘤患者纳入良性组,比较两组的超声检查参数及血清VEGF、Tg、Gal-1水平;此外,恶性组患者亚分组为淋巴结转移组（n=51）和无淋巴结转移组（n=26）,比较两组超声检查参数及血清VEGF、Tg、Gal-1水平。以受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析超声检查参数联合血清VEGF、Tg、Gal-1对甲状腺癌的诊断效能。采用Sprearman相关系数分析各指标水平变化与甲状腺癌患者发生淋巴结转移的相关性。结果：恶性组患者的血管化指数（VI）、血流指数（FI）及血清VEGF、Tg、Gal-1水平均高于良性组患者（P＜0.05）;淋巴转移组患者的VI、FI及血清VEGF、Tg、Gal-1水平均高于无淋巴结转移组患者（P＜0.05）;超声检查参数VI、FI联合血清VEGF、Tg、Gal-1诊断甲状腺癌的曲线下面积为0.933、敏感度为85.50%、特异度为80.00%,均明显高于五项指标单独检测。Spearman相关性分析结果显示,超声检查参数VI、FI以及血清VEGF、Tg、Gal-1与甲状腺癌患者淋巴结转移均呈正相关（P＜0.05）。结论：联合检测超声检查参数VI、FI及血清VEGF、Tg、Gal-1对甲状腺癌有较高的早期诊断价值,且上述指标均与患者淋巴结转移密切相关。     

Changes in human skeletal muscle architecture and function induced by extended spaceflight

The aim of this study was to quantitatively describe the relationships between joint angles and muscle architecture (lengths (L_f) and angles (Θ_f) of fascicles) of human triceps surae [medial (MG) and lateral (LG) gastrocnemius and soleus (SOL) muscles] in vivo for three men-cosmonaut after long-duration spaceflight. Sagittal sonographs of MG, LG, SOL were taken at ankle was positioned at 15° (dorsiflexion), 0° (neutral position), +15°, and +30° (plantarflexion), with the knee at 90° at rest and after a long-duration spaceflight. At each position, longitudinal ultrasonic images of the MG and LG and SOL were obtained while the cosmonauts was relaxed from which fascicle lengths and angles with respect to the aponeuroses were determined. After space flight plantarflexor force declined significantly (26%; p < 0.001). The internal architecture of the GM, and LG, and SOL muscle was significantly altered. In the passive condition, L_f changed from 45, 53, and 39 mm (knee, 0°, ankle, −15°) to 26, 33, and 28 mm (knee, 90° ankle, 30°) for MG, LG, and SOL, respectively. Different lengths and angles of fascicles, and their changes by contraction, might be related to differences in force-producing capabilities of the muscles and elastic characteristics of tendons and aponeuroses. The three heads of the triceps surae muscle substantially differ in architecture, which probably reflects their functional roles. Differences in fiber length and pennation angle that were observed among the muscles and could be associated with differences in force production and in elastic properties of musculo-tendinous complex and aponeuroses.     

B超对恒河猴全妊娠过程的检测

采用B型超声波,跟踪观察了单笼饲养、定时交配的178只妊娠恒河猴的全妊娠过程。测量了各孕周的妊娠囊长径(GS)、胎猴顶臀径(CRL)、胎猴双顶径(BPD)、股骨长径(FL)。得出了3～25孕周胚胎发育的正常值,为恒河猴的妊娠诊断和胚胎发育监测提供了超声学数据。     

肺癌的超声像、超声引导下穿刺活检及纤支镜检、酶组织化学,超微结构的研究

为了探讨超声对肺癌诊断的可行性价值,研究对象包括20例患者,20例可疑病例,均采用超声像,超声引导下穿刺活检和纤支镜检,常规病理检查,酶组织化学检查和电镜观察,结果超声诊断肺癌可以确认肺部肿块的存在,并可以观察肿瘤的大小,形态及内部结构,B超引导下活检可应用于周围型肺部肿块以及患者不宜行纤支镜检或镜检失败的某些中心型肺部肿块,肺癌组织酶组织化学活性反应为（NOS、LDH,CCO,ACP）的活性增高,SDH的活性降低,呈“四高、一是低”的特点,其超微结构示肺组织结构破坏,肺癌组织细胞结构不清,提示：超声像有助于发现肺部肿块,B超引导下活检是安全,快速,简便可行的有效手段,酶组织化学检查及电镜观察对肺癌的鉴别诊断有意义。     

Ultrasonic assessment of pregnancy and fetal development in three species of macaque monkeys

Serial ultrasonic assessments of gestational sac (GS) and fetal biparietal diameter (BPD) were performed in the Japanese monkey (Macaca fuscata fuscata), rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta), and crab-eating monkey (Macaca fascicularis). In the Japanese monkey, GS increased linearly for 3-8 weeks, whereas BPD increased in a linear-quadratic manner over 8 weeks to term. Ultrasonic assessments of spontaneously aborted fetuses with BPD growth retardation and diagnosis of a pelvic chocolate cyst also were reported.     

Relationships between fetal biometry, maternal factors and birth weight of purebred domestic cat kittens

The goal of this study was to evaluate the relation between kittens' birth weights and biometrical factors from the kittens and the mother during pregnancy. Knowing fetal birth weight could help in detecting abnormalities before parturition. A Caesarean-section or a postnatal management plan could be scheduled. Consequently, the neonatal mortality rate should be decreased. We used ultrasonographic measurements of femur length (FL) or fetal biparietal diameter (BPD), pregnancies, and maternal factors to obtain a model of prediction. For this purpose, linear mixed-effects models were used because of random effects (several fetuses for one queen and a few paired measurements) and fixed effects (litter size, pregnancy rank, weight, wither height, and age of the queen). This study was performed in 24 purebred queens with normal pregnancies and normal body conditions. Queens were scanned in the second half of pregnancy, using a micro-convex probe. They gave birth to 140 healthy kittens whose mean birth weight was 104 g (ranged 65 to 165 g). No correlation between the birth weight and the age of the queen, as a maternal factor alone, was observed. But the birth weight was found to be inversely proportional to the pregnancy rank and the litter size. Moreover, birth weight increased when the weight and wither height of queen increased. BPD and FL increased linearly during pregnancy so a model was used to estimate mean birth weight. Using this model, we found a correlation between mean birth weights and an association of parameters: maternal factors (wither height and age), and litter size.