鲍曼不动杆菌体外诱导耐药及其诱导前后交叉耐药和呼吸耗氧率分析

【背景】鲍曼不动杆菌是院内感染的重要病原菌,因其耐药率高、治疗难度大而备受关注。然而,对于该菌的交叉耐药及耐药相关因素尚未完全阐明。【目的】通过体外诱导分别获得耐美罗培南或耐替加环素的鲍曼不动杆菌菌株,并研究其诱导前后的交叉耐药性和细菌呼吸耗氧率差异。【方法】采用多步法对鲍曼不动杆菌ATCC19606进行体外诱导耐药,PCR扩增诱导前后菌株的16S rRNA基因并测序鉴定,微量肉汤稀释法检测诱导前后鲍曼不动杆菌对美罗培南、亚胺培南、替加环素、阿米卡星、头孢吡肟及左氧氟沙星等抗菌药物的最低抑菌浓度变化,Seahorse XF~e96细胞能量代谢实时测定仪对诱导前后菌株的耗氧率进行分析。【结果】通过88d的体外诱导实验,分别获得耐美罗培南或耐替加环素的鲍曼不动杆菌ATCC19606菌株。耐美罗培南鲍曼不动杆菌ATCC19606对替加环素、亚胺培南、阿米卡星、左氧氟沙星仍处于敏感状态,但是对头孢吡肟交叉耐药;耐替加环素鲍曼不动杆菌ATCC19606对美罗培南、亚胺培南、阿米卡星、左氧氟沙星及头孢吡肟仍处于敏感状态。鲍曼不动杆菌ATCC19606被美罗培南或替加环素诱导耐药之后的耗氧率均下降,差异均具有统计学意义。【结论】美罗培南的使用不仅可能诱导鲍曼不动杆菌ATCC19606对美罗培南耐药,也可能会导致该菌对其它一种或几种抗菌药物产生交叉耐药。鲍曼不动杆菌ATCC19606对美罗培南或替加环素耐药后其耗氧率下降,从而说明呼吸耗氧率下降可能是该菌耐药的因素之一。     

Antibiotic drug tigecycline inhibited cell proliferation and induced autophagy in gastric cancer cells

Tigecycline acts as a glycylcycline class bacteriostatic agent, and actively resists a series of bacteria, specifically drug fast bacteria. However, accumulating evidence showed that tetracycline and their derivatives such as doxycycline and minocycline have anti-cancer properties, which are out of their broader antimicrobial activity. We found that tigecycline dramatically inhibited gastric cancer cell proliferation and provided an evidence that tigecycline induced autophagy but not apoptosis in human gastric cancer cells. Further experiments demonstrated that AMPK pathway was activated accompanied with the suppression of its downstream targets including mTOR and p70S6K, and ultimately induced cell autophagy and inhibited cell growth. So our data suggested that tigecycline might act as a candidate agent for pre-clinical evaluation in treatment of patients suffering from gastric cancer.     

血必净注射液联合替加环素治疗脓毒症休克患者的临床疗效观察

目的:研究血必净注射液联合替加环素治疗脓毒症休克患者的临床疗效。方法:选取2015年9月至2016年8月我院收治的86例脓毒症休克患者,根据患者入院顺序分为观察组和对照组,42例每组。对照组使用血必净注射液完成治疗,观察组在此基础上加以替加环素。比较两组患者治疗前后APACHEII评分、尿量、血清LAC、血尿素氮(BUN)、肌酐(SCr)、炎性因子及心肌酶水平的变化。结果:治疗后,两组患者APACHEII评分均较治疗前显著降低(P0.05),尿量均较治疗前显著增加(P0.05),和对照组相比,观察组的APACHEII评分较低(P0.05),尿量较多(P0.05);两组患者血清LAC、BUN、SCr、IL-6、CRP、TNF-α、CK-MB、c Tn I、LDH水平较治疗前显著降低(P0.05),且观察组的以上指标水平较对照组显著降低(P0.05)。结论:血必净注射液联合替加环素治疗脓毒症休克患者能有效改善患者病情严重程度,提高患者心肾功能并抑制炎症反应,临床疗效较单用血必净注射液更好。     

替加环素对重症呼吸机相关性肺炎患者呼吸力学与血清炎症因子的影响

目的:研究替加环素治疗重症呼吸机相关性肺炎的疗效及对患者呼吸力学及血清炎症因子水平的影响。方法:选取2014年9月至2016年8月本院收治的88例重症呼吸机相关性肺炎患者,根据投硬币法分为观察组和对照组,44例每组。对照组采用常规治疗方案,观察组在常规治疗基础上采用替加环素治疗。观察并比较两组患者治疗前后呼吸力学、血清炎症因子指标及临床疗效。结果:治疗后,观察组临床总有效率高于对照组(P0.05)。观察组肺部感染控制时间、治愈时间均短于对照组(P0.05)。观察组呼吸做功、气道峰压、气道阻力均低于对照组,动态顺应性高于对照组(P0.05)。观察组IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α水平低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:重症呼吸机相关性肺炎患者经替加环素治疗后,能有效改善患者呼吸力学与血清炎症因子水平,临床疗效良好。     

Antibiotic activity of tigecycline against clinical pathogens by the micro dilution method

Resistant pathogens are the cause of clinical infections which threatening the patients lives and challenging the health systems through their economic importance. Therefore, new antibacterial agents with a broader spectrum of activity that protect against development of resistance are required. Tigecycline (Tygacil, Wyeth) is a relatively new FDA and EMEA approved glycylcycline antimicrobial with an expanded broad-spectrum activity against pathogens involved in complicated skin and skin structure infections. In this study we evaluated the in vitro activity of tigecycline in comparison to 14 other antibiotics against 182 clinical pathogens by use of the micro dilution method. In overall, tigecycline exhibited the lowest Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values in almost all bacteria with a mean of 0.52 ± 1.25 mg/L, followed by meropenem and levofloxacin (mean MIC values 1.29 ± 2.52 and 1.45 ± 3.078 mg/L, respectively). MIC50 and MIC90 values of tigecycline were: 0.06 and 0.15 mg/L for E. coli, 0.12 and 1.00 mg/L for Klebsiella sp., 0.12 and 0.85 mg/L for various Enterobacter sp., 1.00 and 8.00 mg/L for Pseudomonas sp., 0.25 and 1.00 mg/L for Acinetobacter sp., 0.06 and 0.12 mg/L for Serratia sp., 0.12 and 0.25 mg/L for Staphylococcus aureus, 0.5 and 5.00 mg/L for Streptococcus sp. The MIC values recorded were among the lowest in recent literature for Acinetobacter sp. (included A. baumannii), and comparable to those obtained for Klebsiella, Serratia and Enterobacter indicating that tigecycline has a promising in vitro activity.     

替加环素与米诺环素治疗布鲁菌病的进展

布鲁菌病是由布鲁菌引起的人畜共患传染性疾病，由带菌动物通过多种途径传染给易感人群，可侵犯人体各器官系统。目前推荐的抗布鲁菌治疗方案为多西环素、利福平、喹诺酮类、氨基糖类等抗菌药物组合的二联或者三联抗菌方案，但治疗无效率和疾病复发率仍较高。替加环素和米诺环素作为四环素类药物，经体外实验证明均可有效抑制布鲁菌，且50%最小抑菌浓度（50% minimal inhibitory concentration，MIC50） 和 90%最小抑菌浓度（90% minimal inhibitory concentration，MIC90）均较低。临床研究亦证实，包含替加环素和米诺环素的联合抗菌方案具有较低的治疗无效率和疾病复发率。因此，替加环素和米诺环素可作为治疗布鲁菌病的候选用药。本文就布鲁菌病传统治疗方案以及替加环素和米诺环素的抗菌效果进行综述。     

替加环素对多重耐药鲍曼不动杆菌引起重症肺炎患者的临床疗效

目的:探讨替加环素治疗多重耐药鲍曼不动杆菌引起的重症肺炎的临床疗效。方法:回顾性研究我院多重耐药鲍曼不动杆菌引起的重症肺炎60例,随机分为对照组和实验组,每组30例。对照组患者给予头孢哌酮舒巴坦治疗,实验组患者应用替加环素治疗。观察并比较两组患者治疗前后血清降钙素原(PCT)、C反应蛋白(CRP)及白细胞计数(WBC)的变化情况、不良反应情况、细菌清除情况及临床疗效。结果:与治疗前相比,两组患者血清PCT、CRP及WBC水平均降低(P0.05);与对照组相比,实验组患者血清PCT、CRP及WBC水平较低(P0.05);实验组不良反应发生率及再感染率低于对照组(P0.05);实验组细菌清除率及临床总有效率高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:对于由多重耐药鲍曼不动杆菌引起的重症肺炎,替加环素具有很好的临床疗效,值得在临床上推广使用。     

磷霉素、米诺环素等抗生素对bla_(KPC-2)肺炎克雷伯杆菌的体外药敏研究

目的研究筛选治疗产KPC-2型碳青霉烯酶的肺炎克雷伯杆菌的敏感性抗生素。方法用氯霉素、多西环素、磷霉素、米诺环素和替加环素对已知blaKPC-2菌株进行体外药敏试验。结果氯霉素、多西环素米诺环素、磷霉素和替加环素耐药率分别为20%、17%、15%、6%和5%。结论本研究所选用抗生素的耐药率明显低于常规抗生素,为治疗产blaKPC-2菌株提供新参考方案     

Proteomic analysis of the anti‐inflammatory action of minocycline

Minocycline possesses anti‐inflammatory properties independently of its antibiotic activity although the underlying molecular mechanisms are unclear. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced cytokines and pro‐inflammatory protein expression are reduced by minocycline in cultured macrophages. Here, we tested a range of clinically important tetracycline compounds (oxytetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline and tigecycline) and showed that they all inhibited LPS‐induced nitric oxide production. We made the novel finding that tigecycline inhibited LPS‐induced nitric oxide production to a greater extent than the other tetracycline compounds tested. To identify potential targets for minocycline, we assessed alterations in the macrophage proteome induced by LPS in the presence or absence of a minocycline pre‐treatment using 2‐DE and nanoLC‐MS. We found a number of proteins, mainly involved in cellular metabolism (ATP synthase β‐subunit and aldose reductase) or stress response (heat shock proteins), which were altered in expression in response to LPS, some of which were restored, at least in part, by minocycline. This is the first study to document proteomic changes induced by minocycline. The observation that minocycline inhibits some, but not all, of the LPS‐induced proteomic changes shows that minocycline specifically affects some signalling pathways and does not completely inhibit macrophage activation.