绞股蓝对高脂血症致成年雄性兔睾丸显微结构损害的干预作用

目的观察绞股篮和高脂血症对成年雄性兔睾丸显微结构的影响。方法40只日本雄性大耳白兔随机分为A组、C组、D组、E组,分别喂饲高脂饲料＋绞股蓝5g,kg、高脂饲料、标准饲料＋绞股篮5g／kg、标准饲料。饲养前和饲养后3周、6周、9周末检测三酰甘油（TG）、胆固醇（TC）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）。实验结束观察睾丸显微结构。结果①TG、TC、LDL-C、HDL-C：A组、C组随饲养时间延长,TG、TC、LDL-C渐升,与饲养前比较有显著差异（P〈0．05）,A组HDL-C渐升,与饲养前比较有显著性差异（P〈0．01）;饲养后A组TG、TC、LDL-C低于c组,A组HDL-C高于C组,饲养后组间比较有显著差异（P〈0．05）。②光镜检查：A组、D组、E组生精细胞正常;C组睾丸生精细胞脂肪变性,间质纤维化,基底膜增厚,精子细胞数量下降。结论高脂血症导致睾丸生精细胞脂肪样变,精子细胞数量下降。绞股蓝通过降低血脂、改善血脂代谢,对高脂血症导致的睾丸生精细胞脂肪样变具有抑制作用。绞股篮对标准饲料饲养兔睾丸显微结构无影响。     

广西巴马小型猪克隆胚的构建及胚胎移植

通过胚胎移植验证构建的广西巴马小型猪克隆胚是否可以发育到期.利用刺入式手术胚胎移植法,将0.5～1.5日龄巴马小型猪克隆胚移植到2头巴马小型猪和2头陆川猪的输卵管壶腹部.其中2头巴马小型猪和1头陆川猪返情,另外一头陆川猪于2007年10月13日产下1头克隆雄性巴马小型猪.说明巴马小型猪克隆胚能够在受体猪体内发育到期并产仔.     

生殖细胞及性腺移植

生殖细胞和性腺移植研究近年来已取得了突破性进展。这两项技术对于农业、医学及动物繁殖学的研究具有深远的意义和很大的应用价值。本文从同源移植、异源移植、移植技术及其它移植相关问题等方面对生殖细胞和性腺移植进行了简要介绍,并阐述了近年来在这方面所取得的进展。     

The modalities of the sexual cycle of Octopus vulgaris in the southern Moroccan Atlantic (Tantan, Boujdour)

The reproduction of Octopus vulgaris between Tan Tan and Boujdour is studied. The samples used are sorted monthly from commercial catches of coastal trawlers operating in this area from December 2001 to May 2003. The study shows that sexual maturity is in advance for males than for females. Two spawning periods are made out by the follow-up of the RGS: a spring period from March to July, and an autumnal period, which is less intense, between September and October. The division of spermatogonia and spermatocytes reaches its maximal intensity in July and December, whereas the spermiogenesis is active until the time of mating. The vitellogenesis starts in mid-December and extends until the following spawning period. This reveals a later gonadic development for females than for males; approximately seven months for females and three months for males.     

1840MHz电磁辐射对雄性SD大鼠性激素的影响及其抗氧化损伤作用研究

目的:探讨1840MHz电磁辐射对雄性SD大鼠性激素分泌的影响及其抗氧化损伤作用。方法:将48只成年雄性SD大鼠按体质量随机分为8组,即2组假辐照组和6组辐照组,辐照组给予频率为1840MHz,比吸收率(SAR)分别为0.2、0.5、1.5 W/kg的电磁辐射,连续辐照1周或3周(5 d/周,30 min/d)。辐照后立即麻醉SD大鼠并进行心脏采血,分离血清,采用放射免疫法测量血清中卵泡刺激素(FSH)、生长激素(GH)、促性腺激素释放激素(Gn RH)、黄体生成素(LH)、睾酮(T)的浓度。睾丸组织称重并给予多聚甲醛固定,石蜡包埋切片后采用苏木精-伊红(HE)染色,用显微镜观察睾丸组织形态结构,采用免疫组织化学法观测睾丸组织内热休克蛋白70(HSP70)和DNA氧化损伤的标志物8-OHd G的分布及表达情况。结果:与对照组相比,辐照组大鼠睾丸组织结构无显著损伤,但是经比吸收率为0.2 W/Kg和0.5 W/Kg的电磁辐射辐照3周(5 d/周,30 min/d)后,辐照组FSH,Gn RH,LH水平降低,差异具有统计学意义(p0.05),睾丸组织中HSP70和8-OHd G的表达无明显改变。结论:1840MHz电磁辐射对雄性SD大鼠睾丸的形态结构无明显影响,而睾丸的部分生殖内分泌功能改变,没有引起大鼠睾丸组织明显的氧化应激损伤。     

Studies on very-high-density lipoprotein of Triatoma infestans hemolymph in relation to its function as free fatty acid carrier

The function of Triatoma infestans very-high-density lipoprotein (VHDL) as a free fatty acid transport protein was analyzed. Lipophorin (HDLp) and VHDL are the unique hemolymphatic proteins able to transport free fatty acids (FFA). The transfer of this lipid species between HDLp and VHDL was studied using ¹⁴C-palmitic acid-labeled VHDL or ¹⁴C-palmitic acid-labeled HDLp as donor substrate and the same unlabeled lipoproteins as acceptor substrate. The VHDL is more effective as acceptor of ¹⁴C-FFA from HDLp rather than donor of ¹⁴C-FFA to HDLp. When ¹⁴C-palmitic acid-labeled VHDL was incubated with either fat body or testicle, it was observed that the ¹⁴C-palmitic acid was taken up by both tissues and incorporated into their lipid components.     

Understanding and evaluating bovine testes

The objective is to briefly review bovine testes and how they are assessed, with an emphasis on articles from Theriogenology. Scrotal circumference (SC) is the most common method to assess testicular size; it varies among individual bulls and breeds and is highly heritable. In general, a large SC is associated with early puberty, more sperm, a higher percentage of morphologically normal sperm, and better reproductive performance in closely related females. Consequently, there are minimum requirements for SC for breeding soundness. In prepubertal bull calves, there is an early rise (10–20 weeks of age) in LH, which is critically related to onset of puberty and testicular development. Feeding bulls approximately 130% of maintenance requirements of energy and protein from approximately 8 to 30 weeks of age increased LH release during the early rise, hastened puberty (approximately 1 month), and increased mature testis size and sperm production (approximately 20%–30%). However, high-energy diets after weaning (>200 days) often reduced sperm production and semen quality. A bull's testes and scrotum have opposing (complementary) temperature gradients, which keep the testicular temperature 2 °C to 6 °C cooler than core body temperature for production of fertile sperm (increased testicular temperature reduces semen quality). Infrared thermography, a quick and noninvasive method of assessing scrotal surface temperature, may be beneficial for evaluations of breeding soundness. The primary clinical use of ultrasonography in assessment of reproductive function in the bull is characterization of grossly detectable lesions in the testes and scrotum. In conclusion, testis size and function are critical for bull fertility, affected by nutrition, and readily assessed clinically.     

Hot male: can sex in humans be modified by temperature?

Sex determination in many animals has an environmental component, particularly through temperature. In this article, it is argued that some evidence may by seen for this in humans, and it is proposed that the influence of temperature on sex determination may be a reason for the placing of testicles outside the body cavity in most male mammals.     

Récidive testiculaire isolée d’un adénocarcinome prostatique révélée par TEP/TDM 18F-fluorocholine

With the development of new PET tracers, nuclear medicine has become a central element in the search for prostate cancer recurrence. A 75-year-old patient followed for a prostate adenocarcinoma was referred to our center for biological recurrence, with a gradual rise of prostatic specific antigen (PSA). A pelvic MRI and ¹⁸F-fluorocholine PET/CT were performed, both showing no strong evidence of local recurrence. This last examination however revealed an intense pathological radiotracer uptake only in the left testicle. After performing a complementary ultrasound imaging, orchiectomy revealed a metastatic testicular localization of the prostatic adenocarcinoma. PSA control after surgery had normalized. This case emphasizes one of the unusual presentations of metastatic prostatic disease to be aware of.     

Testicle size of orang-utans in relation to body size

Few data are available for assessing the relative testicle size of orang-utans, Pongo pygmaeus, so measures were obtained for 31 individuals of varying age. It was shown that the volume of the testicles, calculated from in situ measures of testicle length and breadth, closely approximates testicle weight when multiplied by the specific gravity of solid tissue. Growth curves for body weight and data published for wild specimens were evaluated to obtain the weight most characteristic of male Pongo, and the ratio of testicle weight to body weight was calculated. The mean ratio for individuals with fully adult stature is 0.034, similar to but smaller than that of humans at about 0.050, and larger than the ratios reported for 5 gorillas at 0.013. The testicles mature faster than the body, however, so the mean ratio for young adult orang-utans is about 0.056 and resembles the ratio for humans more closely than the full adults. The differences between the ratios for a monogamous gibbon species, orang-utans, and humans is accounted for when testicle size relative to the weight of the female is considered. This is consistent with a sperm dilution effect produced by variation in the size of the female reproductive tract. The small relative testicle size of the gorilla is anomalous and requires verification as does the application of female size to scale the testicles. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.