The utilisation of arginine by oral streptococci grown glucose-limited in a chemostat

Abstract Legionella pneumophila occurring in drinking water was subjected to environmental stress through holding tests at ambient and elevated temperatures and by chemical disinfection. The bacterium in its native environment was more resistant to adverse conditions, as compared with laboratory-grown organisms. Of the several chemical disinfectants acceptable to drinking water treatment and tested for Legionella inactivation, ozonation was the most efficient method. The C · t ' products indicated that free chlorine was superior to mono- and dichloramines.     

Successful disinfection of trumpet mouthpieces using domestic steam disinfection

There have been numerous reports in the literature describing the diversity of microbial flora isolated from woodwind and brass instruments, with potential infection risks for players, especially when such instruments are shared. Steam disinfection has become established as a trusted method of decontamination; however, there have been no reports on the employment of this technology to disinfect parts of musical instruments, hence it was the aim of this study to examine the fate of bacterial and yeast pathogens on artificially contaminated trumpet mouthpieces and to evaluate whether such disinfection is an effective method of disinfection for such instrument parts. Trumpet mouthpieces were artificially contaminated with 18 microbial strains (17 bacteria from four genera (Enterococcus, Escherichia, Staphylococcus and Streptococcus) and one yeast (Candida)), each at an inoculum density of approximately 1·5 × 10⁷ colony forming units and subjected to a disinfection cycle. The experiment was repeated including 50% (v/v) sterile sputum as soil. No bacteria or yeast organisms were recovered post disinfection, including following recovery and with nonselective cultural enrichment techniques.     

Antimicrobial effect of radiant catalytic ionization

The main purpose of micro-organisms elimination from the air and surfaces is to ensure microbiological safety in health care facilities or food production plants. Currently, many disinfection methods are used, both physical, chemical and, increasingly, biological. Scientists seek new solutions with high antimicrobial effectiveness (especially against the drug-resistant strains of bacteria), low production and operating costs, and, above all, the safety of patients and food consumers. The limitation of the methods used so far is primarily the micro-organisms acquire the resistance, mainly to antimicrobial agents. One of the new and alternative methods of disinfection is radiant catalytic ionization (RCI). RCI is an active method of air and surface purification. The technology proved high efficiency against viruses, Gram-positive and -negative bacteria, and fungi, both in the air and on surfaces (planktonic forms and biofilm). RCI has many advantages as well as some minor limitations. This overview summarizes the current knowledge about RCI technology.     

水葫芦根际细菌群落结构多样性分析

【目的】了解水葫芦根际细菌群落结构。【方法】运用末端限制性片段长度多态性(Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism,T-RFLP)技术分析富营养化水体中水葫芦根际和水葫芦近、远水样的细菌群落特征及多样性,结合克隆文库技术和培养法分析根际的细菌种群类型。【结果】同一时期水葫芦根际细菌多样性(Shannon-Weiner指数H′或Simpson指数D)更高,水葫芦近水样次之,远水样最小。10月份的细菌多样性高于5月份的。通过水葫芦根际细菌的克隆文库可知变形杆菌门(Proteobacteria)是水葫芦根际细菌的主要类群,占总群体的65.1%,包括噬菌弧菌(Bacteriovorax sp.)、Dechloromonas sp.、Leptothrix sp.、红螺菌科(Rhodospirillaceae)、Rhodoferax sp.和红环菌科(Rhodocyclaceae)等。T-RFLP图谱显示159 bp为最大优势菌,247 bp为第二大优势菌,对照克隆文库及培养结果分析247 bp属于γ-Proteobacteria,159 bp为不动杆菌(Acinetobacter sp.)。【结论】水葫芦根际细菌的群落结构丰富,不同时段水葫芦根际细菌的丰度略有变化,主要类群为变形杆菌门。     

不同赋形剂调制氢氧化钙对粪肠球菌消毒效果影响的体外评价

目的通过应用离体牙根管模型进行根管消毒模拟试验,就应用不同赋形剂调制的氢氧化钙糊剂对根管的消毒作用进行评价。方法选取因正畸拔除的单根管下颌第一前磨牙并进行根管预备,自釉牙骨质界处将离体牙截去牙冠,在距截冠处5 mm去除根尖,仅留5 mm长牙根,筛选获得经制备的模拟根管120个,随机分为4个试验组和2个对照组(空白对照组和阳性对照组),每组各20颗牙齿。将4个试验组及阳性对照组共100个根管建立粪肠球菌根管感染模型,4个试验组根管内分别放置使用生理盐水、甘油、葡萄糖酸氯己定、樟脑苯酚等4种赋形剂调制的氢氧化钙糊剂,阳性对照组20个感染根管中仅放置生理盐水,而空白对照组20个根管不接种细菌,仅置入无菌生理盐水。所有标本牙置5%CO2,95%N2,37℃环境下培养,每组分别于第3、7天取10个根管使用G钻均匀磨取根管内层牙本质粉末,置BHI液体培养基中培养72 h后,测定并分析各根管中残留细菌量。结果使用氢氧化钙糊剂消毒3 d时,4个试验组根管中残留细菌量均较阳性对照组有明显减少(P<0.01),葡萄糖酸氯己定组、甘油组和樟脑苯酚组的消毒效果好于生理盐水组;使用氢氧化钙糊剂7 d时,试验各组均有消毒效果,但生理盐水-氢氧化钙组牙本质小管中有少量均残留细菌,葡萄糖酸氯己定组、樟脑苯酚组的消毒效果差异无统计学意义。结论在离体牙根管消毒实验中,使用4种赋形剂调制的氢氧化钙糊剂均能有效抑制粪肠球菌生长,葡萄糖酸氯己定组、甘油组和樟脑苯酚组的消毒效果好于生理盐水组。     

Evaluation of the efficacy of chemical disinfectants for disinfection of heat‐polymerised acrylic resin

doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2010.00400.x
Evaluation of the efficacy of chemical disinfectants for disinfection of heat‐polymerised acrylic resin Objective: This study evaluated the efficacy of disinfectants on the internal aspect of heat‐polymerised acrylic resin contaminated with microbial strains. Background: Dentures absorb oral fluids and become contaminated by different microorganisms. Methods: Two hundred and fifty rectangular specimens were made of heat‐polymerised acrylic resin, and then divided into five groups corresponding to the microbial strains (Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, S. mutans and Enterococcus faecalis). After contamination, the specimens were immersed in 1 and 2% sodium hypochlorite and 2% glutaraldehyde for periods of 5, 10 and 15 min. The specimens were placed into tubes containing different broths and incubated at 35°C and then visually analysed. Turbidity in the medium indicated microbial growth. The Fisher’s exact test was used in the analysis of the results. Results: The strain E. faecalis was the most resistant to the disinfectant solutions, and among them, glutaraldehyde was more effective than 2 and 1% hypochlorite for disinfection for 5 min; in the 10‐min period there were no differences between the disinfectants. In 15 min of immersion, 1% hypochlorite and glutaraldehyde were more effective than 2% hypochlorite. Conclusions: Disinfection for 10 min with 1% hypochlorite and glutaraldehyde is effective in disinfecting the internal aspect of heat‐polymerised acrylic resin.