Proteomic analysis reveals tanshinone IIA enhances apoptosis of advanced cervix carcinoma CaSki cells through mitochondria intrinsic and endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways

Cervix cancer is the second most common cancer among women worldwide, whereas paclitaxel, the first line chemotherapeutic drug used to treat cervical cancer, shows low chemosensitivity on the advanced cervical cancer cell line. Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA) exhibited strong growth inhibitory effect on CaSki cells (IC₅₀ = 5.51 μM) through promoting caspase cascades with concomitant upregulating the phosphorylation of p38 and JNK signaling. Comprehensive proteomics revealed the global protein changes and the network analysis implied that Tan IIA treatment would activate ER stress pathways that finally lead to apoptotic cell death. Moreover, ER stress inhibitor could alleviate Tan IIA caused cell growth inhibition and ameliorate C/EBP‐homologous protein as well as apoptosis signal‐regulating kinase 1 mediated cell death. The therapeutic interventions targeting the mitochondrial‐related apoptosis and ER stress responses might be promising strategies to conquer paclitaxel resistance.     

丹参酮ⅡA 磺酸钠注射液对原发性高血压患者血脂水平及内皮功能的影响

目的:研究丹参酮ⅡA磺酸钠注射液对原发性高血压患者血脂水平及内皮功能的影响。方法:选择2013年5月-2015年10月在我院首次诊断为原发性高血压的80例患者作为研究对象,根据治疗方法不同将入组患者随机分为实验组和对照组。实验组患者接受丹参酮ⅡA磺酸钠注射液联合口服降压药物治疗,对照组患者仅接受口服降压药物治疗,比较两者患者治疗前后的血压、肝肾功能、血脂水平以及内皮功能指标的变化。结果:治疗后,两组患者的收缩压、舒张压水平均低于治疗前,且实验组患者的收缩压、舒张压水平与对照组比较均无统计学差异。治疗后,两组患者的ALT、AST、Scr水平均与治疗前比较均无显著差异,且实验组患者的ALT、AST、Scr水平与对照组比较无统计学差异。治疗后,实验组患者的TC、TG、LDL水平明显低于治疗前(P0.05),对照组患者的TC、TG、LDL与治疗前比较无统计学差异(P0.05),实验组患者的TC、TG、LDL水平显著低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:丹参酮ⅡA磺酸钠注射液有助于改善原发性高血压患者的血脂代谢以及内皮功能,且对患者的肝肾功能无明显影响。     

丹参酮ⅡA结构修饰及其对HeLa细胞的抑制作用研究

本研究运用Mannich反应,得到了丹参酮ⅡA的16位被酯化氨基酸取代的5个衍生物,结构均经EI-MS、1H及13C NMR确证。经MTT法测定丹参酮ⅡA及其衍生物对HeLa细胞增殖的抑制作用,并计算出IC50。结果表明,5个衍生物的生物活性较丹参酮ⅡA均有所增强;即丹参酮ⅡA在16位进行结构修饰可以增强其对肿瘤细胞抑制活性。     

丹参酮IIA 磺酸钠在创伤失血性休克过程中的保护作用研究

目的:研究中药提取物丹参酮IIA磺酸钠在创伤失血性休克中的作用。方法:复制SD大鼠创伤失血性休克模型,即经右侧股动脉插管放血,左侧股静脉建立液体通道,经颈动脉插管至左心室监测创伤失血性休克大鼠平均动脉压;在达到最大放血量后,治疗组大鼠给予丹参酮IIA磺酸(10mg/kg)。按时间点经股静脉取大鼠静脉血,测量血清肌酸激酶(CK)及乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)水平,比较各组心肌酶改变。并以酶联免疫法检测各组大鼠血清促炎因子IL-Iβ、IL-6、IL-10和TNFα的改变。结果:丹参酮IIA磺酸钠在一定程度上改善了创伤失血性休克导致大鼠的血流动力学的改变,显著减轻了炎症反应过程中的各种炎症因子的表达。结论:丹参酮IIA磺酸钠改善了创伤失血性休克导致大鼠的低血压;抑制了大鼠创伤失血性休克过程中炎症因子的表达,可能在创伤失血性休克过程中发挥保护作用,为临床提供了疗创伤失血性休克提供了新的可能的参考。     

The anti-inflammatory activities of Tanshinone IIA, an active component of TCM, are mediated by estrogen receptor activation and inhibition of iNOS

Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA) is a major compound extracted from a traditional herbal medicine Salvia miltiorrhiza BUNGE, which is used to treat cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular diseases and postmenopausal syndrome. It has also been shown to possess anti-inflammatory activity. Since Tan IIA has a similar structure to that of 17β-estradiol (E₂), the present study was undertaken to characterize the estrogenic activity of Tan IIA and to demonstrate a functional role of this activity in RAW 264.7 cells. In transient transfection assay, Tan IIA (10 μM) increases ERE-luciferase activity in an estrogen receptor (ER) subtype-dependent manner when either ERα or ERβ were co-expressed in Hela cells. In LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells, Tan IIA exerts anti-inflammatory effects by inhibition of iNOS gene expression and NO production, as well as inhibition of inflammatory cytokine (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) expression via ER-dependent pathway. Therefore, it could serve as a potential selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) to treat inflammation-associated neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases without increasing the risk of breast cancer.     

丹参酮Ⅱ-A磺酸钠对异丙基肾上腺素引起的心肌线粒体积蓄钙离子的保护作用

 临床报道丹参酮Ⅱ-A磺酸钠(T)对冠心病心绞痛和胸闷症状有一定疗效,并能改善缺血性心电图。药理研究证明,具有抗钙和抗钙调蛋白(CaM)作用。本文进一步研究了T对正常的和异丙基肾上腺素(Isp)兴奋的家兔心肌线粒体摄取~(45)Ca~(2+)的影响。本文制备的心肌线粒体经透射和扫描电镜检查证明形态和内部结构均正常。线粒体蛋白在0.1mg/ml以下时其钙摄取与浓度呈线性关系。Isp10~(-6)mol/L可使线粒体钙摄取提高20±5％。T在10μg/ml时对正常的和Isp兴奋的线粒体摄取钙的抑制率分别为61.2±3.9％和54.2±5.1％。已知大剂量Isp可引起心肌线粒体钙超载和细胞坏死。戊脉安可减少以上病理性损害。本文结果表明T也具有类似戊脉安的保护心肌的作用。     

The protective effects of tanshinone IIA on neurotoxicity induced by β-amyloid protein through calpain and the p35/Cdk5 pathway in primary cortical neurons

The characteristic pathological change of Alzheimer's disease (AD) include deposits of β-amyloid protein (Aβ) in brain, neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), as well as a few neuronal loss. Evidence shows that Aβ causes calcium influx and induces the cleavage of p35 into p25. Furthermore, the binding of p25 to cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) constitutively activates Cdk5. The p25/Cdk5 complex then hyperphosphorylates tau. Tanshinone IIA (tanIIA), a natural product extracted from Chinese herbal medicine Salvia miltiorrhiza BUNGE, has been reported to exert antioxidative activity. However, its neuroprotective activity remains unclear. The present study determined whether tanIIA protects neurons against Aβ(25-35)-induced cytotoxicity and detected the association of this protective effect with calpain and the p35/Cdk5 pathway. The results showed that tanIIA protected neurons against the neurotoxicity of Aβ(25-35), increased the viability of neurons, decreased expression of phosphorylated tau in neurons induced by Aβ(25-35), improved the impairment of the cell ultrastructure (such as nuclear condensation and fragmentation, and neurofibril collapse). Further more, we found that tanIIA maintained the normal expression of p35 on peripheral membranes, and decreased p25 expression in the cytoplasm. TanIIA also inhibited the translocation of Cdk5 from the nucleus into the cytoplasm of primary neurons induced by Aβ(25-35). These data suggested that tanIIA possessed neuroprotective action and the protection may involve in calpain and the p35/Cdk5 pathway.     

丹参酮ⅡA对人乳腺癌细胞株恶性表型逆转的研究

目的：研究丹参酮ⅡA体外诱导人乳腺癌细胞分化,逆转其恶性表型作用。方法：在体外培养的基础上,观察细胞形态学、细胞增殖动力学的变化。采用流式细胞仪的方法,定量检测了ER、nm23-1蛋白、抑癌基因c—fos、癌基因c—myc。结果：经无毒剂量的丹参酮ⅡA处理后,人乳腺癌细胞株MDA—MB-231形态趋向良性分化,细胞增殖指数明显降低,ER、nm23-1蛋白、抑癌基因c-fos明显升高,癌基因c-myc明显降低。结论：丹参酮ⅡA对人乳腺癌细胞株恶性表型有逆转作用,可能是通过抑制癌基因的表达,增加抑癌基因的表达,改变细胞形态结构和生物学特性。     

Functional proteomic and structural insights into molecular targets related to the growth inhibitory effect of tanshinone IIA on HeLa cells

Certain antitumor agents have recently been extracted from the roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. The diterpene derivative, tanshinone IIA, possesses cytotoxic activity against several human carcinoma cell lines. It also inhibits invasion and metastasis of cancer cells. In the present study, we isolated tanshinone IIA from S. miltiorrhiza, and it exhibited strong growth inhibition against human cervical cancer cells in dose‐ and time‐dependent manners with a 50% cell growth inhibition value of 2.5 μg/mL (8.49 μM). Flow cytometric analysis of cell cycle progression revealed that G₂/M arrest was initiated after a 24 h exposure to the drug. It also resulted in DNA fragmentation and degradation of poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase indicating that tanshinone IIA may be a potential antitumor agent. Furthermore, we performed a comprehensive proteomic analysis to survey global protein changes induced by tanshinone IIA treatment on HeLa cells. Significant changes in the levels of cytoskeleton proteins as well as stress‐associated proteins were observed. Immunoblot analysis and immunofluorescence staining were used to confirm the levels of protein expression. Overexpression of the vimentin rescued these tanshinone IIA‐induced events. Computational docking methods indicated that tanshinone IIA could stably bind to the β‐subunit of the microtubule protein. An interaction network analysis of these 12 proteins using MetaCore? software suggested that tanshinone IIA treatment regulated the expressions of proteins involved in apoptotic processes, spindle assembly, and p53 activation, including vimentin, Maspin, α‐ and β‐tubulin, and GRP75. Taken together, our results suggest that tanshinone IIA strongly inhibited the growth of cervical cancer cells through interfering in the process of microtubule assembly, leading to G₂/M phase arrest and sequent apoptosis. The success of this large‐scale effort was assessed by a bioinformatics analysis of proteins through predictions of protein domains and possible functional roles. The possible contributions of these proteins to the cytotoxicity of tanshinone IIA provide potential opportunities for the development of cancer therapeutics.