气压治疗仪联合那屈肝素预防剖宫产术后下肢静脉栓塞的临床研究

摘要 目的：探究气压治疗仪联合那屈肝素预防剖宫产术后下肢静脉栓塞（DVT）的临床效果。方法：选取2021年1月～2022年8月长沙市妇幼保健院收治的172例剖宫产孕妇,以随机数字表法按1:1比例分为联合组、常规组,各86例。常规组采用那屈肝素预治疗,联合组采用气压治疗仪联合那屈肝素治疗。比较两组DVT发生率;术前、术后5 d凝血功能指标[凝血酶时间（TT）、纤维蛋白原（FIB）、活化部分凝血活酶时间（APTT）、凝血酶原时间（PT）]、血液流变学指标[全血高切黏度、血浆黏度、全血低切黏度];术前、术后1 d、5 d大小腿腿围;术前、术后1 d、3 d、5 d疼痛视觉模拟量表（VAS）评分。结果：联合组DVT发生率3.49%较常规组11.63%低（P＜0.05）;术后5 d联合组PT、APTT、TT较常规组高,FIB较常规组低（P＜0.05）;术后5 d联合组全血高切黏度、血浆黏度、全血低切黏度较常规组低（P＜0.05）;术后1 d、5 d联合组大小腿腿围较常规组低（P＜0.05）;术后1 d、3 d、5 d联合组VAS评分较常规组低（P＜0.05）。结论：气压治疗仪联合那屈肝素能有效改善剖宫产产妇术后凝血功能及血液流变学,缓解下肢肿胀,减轻术后疼痛,减少DVT的发生。     

加味八珍汤联合PFNA术治疗老年股骨转子间骨折患者的临床效果及对血液流变学指标的影响

目的:研究加味八珍汤联合股骨近端防旋髓内钉(Proximal Femoral Nail Antirotation,PFNA)对老年股骨转子间骨折患者的临床效果及对术后隐性失血和血液流变学的影响。方法:选择2014年3月至2017年3月我院收治的68例接受PFNA治疗的转子间骨折者,将其随机平均分为观察组(34例,术后口服加味八珍汤颗粒7天)、对照组(34例)。对比两组总失血量、隐性失血量、隐性失血比例、血液流变学指标(血浆粘度及全血黏度低、中、高切)、不良反应等。结果:⑴两组各剔除2例,94.12%(64/68)的受试者完成研究。⑵两组总失血量相当,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);与对照组相比,观察组隐性失血量及隐性失血发生率均显著降低(P0.05)。⑶治疗前,两组血浆粘度及低、中、高切全血黏度比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后,两组血浆粘度及低、中、高切全血黏度均显著低于本组治疗前(P0.05),且观察组以上指标均明显低于对照组(P0.05)。⑷观察组发生肌间静脉血栓1例,无药物过敏及毒副反应;对照组发生1例深静脉血栓、4例肌间静脉血栓。观察组不良反应率为3.125%,显著低于对照组(15.625%,P0.05)。结论:加味八珍汤既可显著减少老年股骨转子间骨折患者PFNA术后隐性失血,又能改善血流动力学、减少并发症。     

Discovery of novel (6S/12aS)-heptachpyridone capable of inhibiting thrombosis in vivo

The in vitro conversion of (1S,3S)-1-dimethoxylethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline-3-carboxylic acid, (1S,3S)-DCCA, in rat plasma is monitored by HPLC-FT-ICR-MS. We show that the in vitro conversion of (1S,3S)-DCCA in rat plasma for 1 h leads to forming (6S/12aS)-bisdimethoxyethylheptachpyridone, reflecting intermolecular condensation of (1S,3S)-DCCA, and the in vitro conversion of (6S/12aS)-bisdimethoxyethylheptachpyridone in rat plasma for 1 h leads to forming (6S/12aS)-heptachpyridone, reflecting hydrolysis of (6S/12aS)-bisdimethoxyethylheptachpyridone. At a dose of 1.0 μmol/kg (6S/12aS)-heptachpyridone orally inhibits venous thrombosis and arterial thrombosis in vivo. Bleeding time, clotting time and international normalized ratio show that at this dose (6S/12aS)-heptachpyridone has no bleeding risk, does not lengthen clotting time and does not change the exogenous coagulation pathway. We also show that the reactions promoted by rat plasma are easy to practice by chemical synthesis. Thus our findings build a bridge across the in vivo conversion and the application.     

血清TM、P-selectin、HDL-C以及凝血功能指标与创伤性骨折患者术后深静脉血栓形成的关系研究

摘要 目的：探讨血清血栓调节蛋白（TM）、P-选择素（P-selectin）、高密度脂蛋白（HDL-C）以及凝血功能指标与创伤性骨折患者术后深静脉血栓形成（DVT）的关系。方法：选择2018年1月至2020年1月我院收治的术后发生DVT的创伤性骨折患者100例作为DVT组,同期术后未发生DVT的创伤性骨折患者100例作为无DVT组,比较两组血清TM、P-selectin、HDL-C、血浆凝血功能指标[凝血酶时间（TT）、凝血酶原时间（PT）、活化部分凝血酶时间（APTT）、纤维蛋白原（FIB）、D-二聚体（D-D）],应用Pearson相关性分析血清TM、P-selectin、HDL-C与凝血功能指标的相关性,应用多因素Logistic回归分析创伤性骨折患者术后DVT的影响因素。结果：DVT组血清TM、P-selectin、血浆D-D、FIB水平、年龄≥60岁比例高于无DVT组,血清HDL-C水平低于无DVT组（P＜0.05）。DVT组血清TM和P-selectin与血浆D-D、FIB呈正相关（P＜0.05）,血清HDL-C与血浆D-D、FIB呈负相关（P＜0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,年龄≥60岁、血清TM≥9.50 IU/mL、P-selectin ≥70.00 ng/mL、HDL-C<1.00 mmol/L、血浆D-D≥700.00 μg/L、FIB≥4.00 g/L是创伤性骨折患者术后DVT的危险因素（P＜0.05）。结论：创伤性骨折患者术后发生DVT患者血清TM、P-selectin较无DVT患者升高,HDL-C较无DVT患者降低,联合检测血清TM、P-selectin、HDL-C和凝血功能指标可能有助于降低DVT的发生风险。     

谷红注射液和丁苯酞注射液联合Solitaire AB型支架取栓治疗急性缺血性脑卒中的临床研究

摘要 目的：探讨谷红注射液和丁苯酞注射液联合Solitaire AB型支架取栓治疗急性缺血性脑卒中（AIS）的临床疗效。方法：选择2018年1月到2020年12月期间攀枝花市中西医结合医院收治的AIS患者98例,依照随机数字表法分为观察组（50例）和对照组（48例）。对照组采用Solitaire AB型支架取栓治疗,观察组给予谷红注射液和丁苯酞注射液联合Solitaire AB型支架取栓治疗,两组均治疗14 d。治疗后进行临床疗效评价,比较两组治疗后的血管再通率和并发症发生率,比较两组治疗前后的美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表（NIHSS）评分、Barthel指数评分及全血高切黏度、全血低切黏度、血小板聚集率。结果：观察组的临床总有效率为84.00%（42/50）,对照组为60.42%（29/48）,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。观察组的血管再通率明显高于对照组（P<0.05）。两组治疗后血小板聚集率、全血低切黏度及全血高切黏度均明显低于治疗前（P<0.05）,且观察组治疗后血小板聚集率、全血低切黏度及全血高切黏度均明显低于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗后观察组Barthel指数评分明显高于对照组（P<0.05）,NIHSS评分明显低于对照组（P<0.05）。观察组的并发症发生率为6.00%（3/50）,对照组为4.17%（2/48）,两组比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论：谷红注射液和丁苯酞注射液联合Solitaire AB型支架取栓治疗AIS的临床疗效显著,能够提高血管再通率,减轻神经功能缺损,改善患者的日常生活能力和血液流变学指标,且并发症较轻。     

Numerical investigations of the mechanical properties of a braided non-vascular stent design using finite element method

This paper discusses various issues relating to the mechanical properties of a braided non-vascular stent made of a Ni–Ti alloy. The design of the stent is a major factor which determines its reliability after implantation into a stenosed non-vascular cavity. This paper presents the effect of the main structural parameters on the mechanical properties of braided stents. A parametric analysis of a commercial stent model is developed using the commercial finite element code ANSYS. As a consequence of the analytical results that the pitch of wire has a greater effect than other structural parameters, a new design of a variable pitch stent is presented to improve mechanical properties of these braided stents. The effect of structural parameters on mechanical properties is compared for both stent models: constant and variable pitches. When the pitches of the left and right quarters of the stent are 50% larger and 100% larger than that of the central portion, respectively, the radial stiffness in the central portion increases by 10% and 38.8%, while the radial stiffness at the end portions decreases by 128% and 164.7%, the axial elongation by 25.6% and 56.6% and the bending deflection by 3.96% and 10.15%. It has been demonstrated by finite element analysis that the variable pitch stent can better meet the clinical requirements.     

Computational haemodynamics in two idealised cerebral wide-necked aneurysms after stent placement

Endovascular stents are being commonly used to treat cerebral wide-necked aneurysms recently. The effect of a stent placed in the parent artery is not only to protect the parent artery from occlusion, due to extension of coils and thrombosis, but also to act as flow diverter to vary the haemodynamics in the aneurysm. In this article, two idealised cerebral wide-necked aneurysms were created, one was sidewall aneurysm with curved parent vessel and the other was terminal aneurysm with the bifurcated parent vessel. The plexiglass models of the two aneurysms were ‘treated’ with commercial porous intravascular stents. The stented physical models were scanned by Micro-CT and the numerical models of the two idealised cerebral wide-necked aneurysms after stent placement were constructed from the scanned image files. The pulsatile flow of non-Newtonian fluid inside the models was simulated by using computational fluid dynamics package. From the simulated flow dynamics, various haemodynamic characteristics such as velocity contours, wall shear stress and oscillatory shear index (OSI) were computed. The velocity of the jet entering the sacs reduced after stent was deployed across the necks of both sidewall and terminal aneurysms; the wall shear stress on the distal neck of sidewall aneurysm reduced, the wall shear stress on the dome of the terminal aneurysm increased and the OSI on the dome of the terminal aneurysm reduced. Therefore, stent placement not only promotes thrombus formation in both aneurysm models but also reduces the regrowth risk of the sidewall aneurysm and the rupture risk of the terminal aneurysm.     

Modelling drug elution from stents: effects of reversible binding in the vascular wall and degradable polymeric matrix

Today the most popular approach for the prevention of the restenosis consists in the use of the drug eluting stents. The stent acts as a source of drug, from a coating or from a reservoir, which is transported into and through the artery wall. In this study, the behaviour of a model of a hydrophilic drug (heparin) released from a coronary stent into the arterial wall is investigated. The presence of the specific binding site action is modelled using a reversible chemical reaction that explains the prolonged presence of drug in the vascular tissue. An axi-symmetric model of a single stent strut is considered. First an advection–diffusion problem is solved using the finite element method. Then a simplified model with diffusion only in the arterial wall is compared with: (i) a model including the presence of reversible binding sites in the vascular wall and (ii) a model featuring a drug reservoir made of a degradable polymeric matrix. The results show that the inclusion of a reversible binding for the drug leads to delayed release curves and that the polymer erosion affects the drug release showing a quicker elution of the drug from the stent.     

Hemodynamic investigation of a patient-specific abdominal aortic aneurysm with iliac artery tortuosity

Abstract

This paper describes a systematic investigation on the hemodynamic environment in a patient-specific AAA with tortuous common iliac artery(CIA) and external iliac artery (EIA). 3D reconstructions from CT scans and subsequent computational simulation are carried out. It is found out that the Newtonian and non-Newtonian models have very similar flow field and WSS distribution. More importantly, it is revealed that the torturous CIA maintained its helical flow. It is concluded that the assumption of Newtonian blood is adequate in capturing the intra-aneurysmal hemodynamics. Moreover, it is speculated that the physiological spiral flow protects the twisted CIA from the thrombosis formation.     

The evolution of an ideal stent design and its impact on the aortic endothelium during and after percutaneous replacement

Vascular support structures are important devices for treating valve stenosis. A large population of patients is treated for valvular disease and the preferred mode of treatment is percutaneous valve replacement. Stent devices are proving to be an improved technology in minimally invasive cardiac surgery. This new technology provides highly effective results at minimal cost and with a short duration of hospitalisation. Stents as a supporting structure for tissue valves have evolved over the years into remarkably useful and effective devices. During this process, a number of specific designs have come and gone, and a few have remained. Many design changes were successful, and many were not. This article describes the merits and demerits of various stent designs and details the specific reasons why a particular novel design is expected to be the most suitable implant during and after percutaneous aortic valve replacement.