Automatic Detection of Severely and Mildly Infected COVID-19 Patients with Supervised Machine Learning Models

ObjectivesWhen the prognosis of COVID-19 disease can be detected early, the intense-pressure and loss of workforce in health-services can be partially reduced. The primary-purpose of this article is to determine the feature-dataset consisting of the routine-blood-values (RBV) and demographic-data that affect the prognosis of COVID-19. Second, by applying the feature-dataset to the supervised machine-learning (ML) models, it is to identify severely and mildly infected COVID-19 patients at the time of admission.Material and methodsThe sample of this study consists of severely (n = 192) and mildly (n = 4010) infected-patients hospitalized with the diagnosis of COVID-19 between March-September, 2021. The RBV-data measured at the time of admission and age-gender characteristics of these patients were analyzed retrospectively. For the selection of the features, the minimum-redundancy-maximum-relevance (MRMR) method, principal-components-analysis and forward-multiple-logistics-regression analyzes were used. The features set were statistically compared between mild and severe infected-patients. Then, the performances of various supervised-ML-models were compared in identifying severely and mildly infected-patients using the feature set.ResultsIn this study, 28 RBV-parameters and age-variable were found as the feature-dataset. The effect of features on the prognosis of the disease has been clinically proven. The ML-models with the highest overall-accuracy in identifying patient-groups were found respectively, as follows: local-weighted-learning (LWL)-97.86%, K-star (K*)-96.31%, Naive-Bayes (NB)-95.36% and k-nearest-neighbor (KNN)-94.05%. Also, the most successful models with the highest area-under-the-receiver-operating-characteristic-curve (AUC) values in identifying patient groups were found respectively, as follows: LWL-0.95%, K*-0.91%, NB-0.85% and KNN-0.75%.ConclusionThe findings in this article have significant a motivation for the healthcare professionals to detect at admission severely and mildly infected COVID-19 patients.     

妇科盆腔恶性肿瘤血常规检测结果分析

目的:了解妇科盆腔恶性肿瘤血常规变化及其临床意义。方法:以无锡市人民医院2018年1月～2019年3月收治的90例妇科盆腔恶性肿瘤患者作为病例组,同期住院的243例确诊为盆腔良性病变或妊娠状态的患者作为良性对照组,选取同期717名接受体检的成年女性作为健康对照组,对三组研究对象的血常规指标进行回顾性分析。结果:与健康对照组比较,良性对照组和病例组患者的嗜酸性粒细胞百分比(EO)、嗜酸性粒细胞计数(EO#)、红细胞压积(HCT)、血红蛋白水平(HGB)、淋巴细胞百分比(LY)、淋巴细胞计数(LY#)、红细胞平均血红蛋白浓度(MCHC)、血小板分布宽度(PDW)、红细胞计数(RBC)水平降低,单核细胞计数(MO#)、血小板平均体积(MPV)、中性粒细胞百分比(NE)、中性粒细胞计数(NE#)、红细胞分布宽度(RDW)、白细胞计数(WBC)水平升高;病例组患者EO、EO#、LY、LY#、MO#、MPV水平低于良性对照组,HCT、HBG、MCHC、PDW、NE、NE#、RDW水平高于良性对照组,同时,病例组患者的红细胞平均血红蛋白含量(MCH)、红细胞平均体积(MCV)水平高于健康对照组,健康对照组的MCH、MCV水平高于良性对照组,良性对照组患者的单核细胞百分比(MO)、血小板压积(PCT)水平高于健康对照组,健康对照组的MO、PCT水平高于病例组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。Logistic多元回归分析结果显示,LY#、MO#、MCHC、RDW、MCH、MCV与盆腔恶性肿瘤的发生具有相关性(P0.05)。ROC曲线分析结果显示,在各项血常规指标中,MCV诊断妇产科盆腔恶性肿瘤的曲线下面积(AUC)最高,为0.683。结论:盆腔恶性肿瘤患者的血常规指标与良性病变患者和健康人群均存在差异,部分指标与恶性肿瘤的发生具有独立相关性。     

神经内镜手术与小骨窗开颅手术治疗高血压脑出血疗效对比的回顾性研究

摘要 目的：回顾性对比神经内镜手术与小骨窗开颅手术治疗高血压脑出血（HICH）疗效。方法：回顾性选取2018年7月~2021年3月期间在联勤保障部队第909医院治疗的83例HICH患者的临床资料。根据手术方式的不同,将患者分为A组（n=41）和B组（n=42）,A组患者采用小骨窗开颅手术治疗,B组患者采用神经内镜手术治疗,对比两组围术期指标、并发症发生率、神经功能、生活能力、神经损伤指标及预后。结果：与A组相比, B组的手术时间、住院时间明显缩短,术中出血量减少,血肿清除率升高（P<0.05）。B组术后1周美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表（NIHSS）评分低于A组,Barthel指数评分高于A组（P<0.05）。B组术后1周神经元特异性烯醇化酶（NSE）、S100B 蛋白（S100B）、髓鞘碱性蛋白（MBP）、胶质纤维酸性蛋白（GFAP）水平低于A组（P<0.05）。B组的并发症发生率小于A组（P<0.05）。B组的预后良好率高于A组（P<0.05）。结论：神经内镜手术、小骨窗开颅手术治疗HICH均可获得较好的疗效,其中神经内镜手术在缩短手术时间、住院时间,减少术中出血量和并发症发生率,提高血肿清除率,减轻神经功能损伤,促进患者生活能力改善,改善患者预后方面的效果更为显著。     

A toolbox for integrative species delimitation in Machilis jumping bristletails (Microcoryphia: Machilidae)

Accurate species delimitation is fundamental for many fields of biology. Although a wide range of evolutionary-biological patterns are known to promote failure in species delimitation when any single information source is considered, the majority of species characterisations are still based on single disciplines. Using Alpine jumping bristletails we here showcase the establishment of morphological and molecular tools for multi-source species delimitation in a taxonomically problematic arthropod group and stress its advantages over single-discipline approaches. Once sound species delimitations have been achieved, Alpine jumping bristletails will be available as a prime model system for addressing questions related to the emergence of endemism and parthenogenesis.     

A Polished and Reinforced Thinned-skull Window for Long-term Imaging of the Mouse Brain

In vivo imaging of cortical function requires optical access to the brain without disruption of the intracranial environment. We present a method to form a polished and reinforced thinned skull (PoRTS) window in the mouse skull that spans several millimeters in diameter and is stable for months. The skull is thinned to 10 to 15 μm in thickness with a hand held drill to achieve optical clarity, and is then overlaid with cyanoacrylate glue and a cover glass to: 1) provide rigidity, 2) inhibit bone regrowth and 3) reduce light scattering from irregularities on the bone surface. Since the skull is not breached, any inflammation that could affect the process being studied is greatly reduced. Imaging depths of up to 250 μm below the cortical surface can be achieved using two-photon laser scanning microscopy. This window is well suited to study cerebral blood flow and cellular function in both anesthetized and awake preparations. It further offers the opportunity to manipulate cell activity using optogenetics or to disrupt blood flow in targeted vessels by irradiation of circulating photosensitizers.     

口腔种植修复与常规修复对牙列缺失患者生活质量及龈沟液细胞因子水平的影响

目的:研究口腔种植修复与常规修复对牙列缺失患者生活质量及龈沟液细胞因子水平的影响。方法:选择从2015年7月到2016年7月在我院接受治疗的牙列缺失患者108例作为研究对象。根据随机数字表法将患者分为对照组(n=54)和观察组(n=54),对照组实施常规修复,观察组给予口腔种植修复,随访3个月后,对比两组患者疗效、生活质量、治疗前及治疗3个月后龈沟液的细胞因子水平变化以及并发症情况。结果:观察组的总有效率较对照组明显升高(98.15%vs87.04%)(P0.05)。治疗后3个月两组的生理功能、情感功能以及社会功能评分均分别较治疗前升高,且观察组高于对照组(P0.05)。治疗后3个月两组患者的白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、白细胞介素-8(IL-8)以及肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平均分别高于治疗前,而观察组低于对照组(P0.05)。观察组患者并发症的总发生率较对照组明显降低(7.41%vs22.22%)(P0.05)。结论:牙列缺失患者经口腔种植修复方式治疗的效果更好,对于龈沟液细胞因子水平上升具有明显的抑制作用,减少并发症,值得关注及推广。     

无菌豚鼠与普通豚鼠血液学参数的比较

目的对普通级豚鼠进行剖宫产,培育无菌豚鼠模型,并比较无菌豚鼠和普通级豚鼠的血液学参数。方法行子宫摘除术摘除子宫,在无菌隔离器中将子宫剥离取仔,用人工哺乳的方法将仔豚鼠培育成无菌豚鼠,并在固定的周期检测豚鼠的无菌情况。采用全血细胞计数分析仪、全自动血液生化分析仪测定无菌豚鼠、普通豚鼠的血常规和血生化参数。用SPSS12.0进行统计分析。结果无菌豚鼠和普通豚鼠在白细胞(WBC)、嗜碱性粒细胞数(BA#)、单核细胞百分比(MO)、血红蛋白浓度(MCHC)、中性粒细胞数(NE#)、嗜酸性粒细胞数(EO#)、淋巴细胞数(LY#)七个血常规指标上有差异显著性,其他指标没有显著性差异;谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、葡萄糖(GLU)、总胆固醇(CHO)、总胆红素(TBIL)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、甘油三酯(TG)、球蛋白(GLO)、A/G、K、Na、谷酰转肽酶(GGT)15个指标上差异有显著性,其他指标差异无显著性。结论通过规范的子宫摘除术和人工喂养的方法获得符合标准的无菌豚鼠,与普通豚鼠在多项血液学指标上差异有显著性。     

Effect of Menopause on Melatonin and Alertness Rhythms Investigated in Constant Routine Conditions

Although studies have reported the effects of the menstrual cycle on melatonin rhythmicity, none has investigated the effects of menopause on the melatonin rhythm. The circadian rhythm in melatonin and its relationship to subjective alertness was investigated in pre‐ and postmenopausal women under constant routine conditions (controlled posture, dim lighting, calorie intake, temperature, and prolonged wakefulness). Eleven healthy pre‐menopausal (42±4 yr) and 10 postmenopausal women (55±2 yr) participated in the study. Salivary melatonin samples and subjective measures of alertness and sleepiness were assessed hourly during the 22 h constant routine protocol. Postmenopausal women had a significantly earlier melatonin acrophase (1.1±0.5 h clock time in decimal h; mean±SEM, p<0.05) compared to the pre‐menopausal women (2.3±0.3 h). There was no significant difference between melatonin onset and amplitude between the pre‐menopausal and postmenopausal women. Self‐rated alertness declined in both study groups as the length of sleep deprivation increased. Melatonin onset preceded the onset of self‐rated sleepiness in both groups. The time interval between melatonin onset and the onset of sleepiness and alertness offset was significantly greater in the postmenopausal women compared to the pre‐menopausal women. In conclusion, under controlled experimental conditions the timing of the melatonin rhythm was advanced in postmenopausal women altering its phase relationship to subjective alertness and sleepiness.     

16层螺旋CT不同剂量扫描对肺结节诊断价值及辐射度的影响

目的:探讨16层螺旋CT不同剂量扫描对肺结节诊断价值及辐射度的影响。方法:选取2017年9月至2018年10月期间在青岛市中心医院就诊的肺结节患者200例,所有患者均接受16层螺旋CT常规剂量扫描和低剂量扫描。比较常规剂量扫描和低剂量扫描的图像质量、CT征象检出情况(分叶征、毛刺征、胸膜凹陷征、血管集束征、支气管征)、肺结节定性诊断结果(肺癌、肺转移瘤、炎性结节、定性困难)、肺结节大小分布(≤5 mm、6-10 mm、10 mm)、辐射度。结果:常规剂量和低剂量的扫描图像质量整体比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),常规剂量和低剂量的CT征象检出情况(分叶征、毛刺征、胸膜凹陷征、血管集束征、支气管征)比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),常规剂量和低剂量的肺结节定性诊断结果(肺癌、肺转移瘤、炎性结节、定性困难)比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),常规剂量和低剂量的肺结节大小分布(≤5 mm、6-10 mm、10 mm)比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),低剂量的总管球剂量、有效管球剂量、CT容积剂量指数及剂量长度乘积均明显低于常规剂量,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:16层螺旋CT低剂量扫描对肺结节的诊断价值与常规剂量扫描相当,并可有效减少辐射度,值得临床推广应用。     

Daily oxygen consumption rhythms of Senegalese sole solea senegalensis (Kaup, 1858) juveniles

Senegalese sole is known to be a species with pronounced nocturnal feeding behaviour. However, as for most fish species, there is a lack of knowledge concerning the influence of such biological rhythm on metabolic rate. The aim of this study was to determine whether individual variation in routine and fed metabolic rate was affected by daily light-dark rhythms in juveniles of Senegalese sole. The individual oxygen consumption measurements in Senegalese sole juveniles were determined by flow-through respirometry, at fasted conditions and after the fish were fed a single meal, the meal time started at 0930 h and fish fed ad libitum for 30 min. The measurements were made during 22 h, of which 8 h was in the light and 14 h in the dark, and started immediately after transfer to the respiratory chambers at 1100 h. The results suggest an influence of light-dark cycles in routine metabolism. It was observed that oxygen consumption increased during the dark phase in fasted fish (FAST) but was higher during the light phase in fed fish (FEED). However, when feed is provided during the light phase, juveniles are capable of shifting oxygen consumption rhythms to respond to the energetic demands of digestion and growth. These results suggest that routine metabolism varies according to the species natural habits as Senegalese sole is known to be nocturnal. The findings of this study underline the importance of understanding the biological rhythms of the species under study before metabolic data are interpreted.