全球单克隆抗体药物研发现状及发展趋势

单克隆抗体药物以其独特的作用机制及高效性,在恶性肿瘤和自身免疫疾病的治疗中发挥了不可估量的重要作用,成为全球的研发热点。基于科睿唯安旗下的Cortellis数据库,采用定量分析和专家智慧相结合的方法,从总体研发和商业化现状、主要国家/地区、技术和种类、靶点及作用机制、市场份额、产品交易多个维度展现出全球单克隆抗体药物的研发和商业化全景。分析结果显示:全球已上市的单克隆抗体药物有133个,其中已上市的人源化单克隆抗体药物占已上市的单克隆抗体药物总数的37. 6%。作用靶点主要集中在HER、TNF、CD20、PD-1/L1、VEGF以及CD3,其中作为HER2酪氨酸激酶受体抑制剂的药物数量最多。美国在单克隆抗体药物研发和商业化方面遥遥领先,中国在研和上市的单抗隆抗体药物总数排名第二,但中国上市的单抗隆抗体药物数量仅8个。2017年销售额高于10亿美元的单克隆抗体药物有22个。全球单克隆抗体药物的交易数量共有1 408次,药物开发与商业化许可是最主要的交易方式。未来,单克隆抗体药物的发展趋势将朝着新靶点、新适应症和新用药方案的方向发展,将会产生更多"重磅炸弹药物"。     

从医疗制度设计的合理性谈职业道德建设

职业道德建设是医院文化建设的核心内容,也是医院经营和管理的重要组成部分。谈论医疗职业道德必须在医学道德范畴之内,同时也必须检讨一系列的医疗的制度。道德与制度是社会治理的一体之两面,在法制社会的前提下,制度的显性作用总是影响着道德从一种“可能”向“事实”的转变,这个转变过程中的政府、医师协会、医院、医务人员、患者之间及其他相关诸多社会关系构成了道德建设的实施途径。     

Intersectionality and trauma analysis in bioarchaeology

Intersectionality, the theory named by Kimberlé Crenshaw, outlines how multiple elements of an individual's social identity overlap to create and preserve societal inequalities and discrimination. Recently bioarchaeology's engagement with intersectionality has become increasingly explicit, as the field recognizes the lived experience of multiple axes of an individual's identity. Evidence of trauma can remain observable in an individual's skeleton for years, making it an ideal subject of study for intersectional analyses in bioarchaeology. Using contrasting case studies of two individuals who died in hospitals and were unclaimed after death, we explore the theoretical and methodological application of intersectionality to investigations of accidental and interpersonal trauma. Differences in identities and structural inequalities affect bone quality and health outcomes. As we demonstrate, a broken bone is the intersecting result of biological, histomorphological, sociocultural, and behavioral factors. This approach allows for a better acknowledgement of the inherent complexity of past lives, elevating and amplifying previously silenced voices. In this way, intersectionality in bioarchaeology demands social justice.     

Closure of a human tissue biobank: individual,institutional, and field expectations during cycles of promise and disappointment

Biobanks are increasingly being established to act as mediators between patient-donors and researchers. In practice, some of these will close. This paper details the experiences of one such bank. We report interviews with the bank's staff and oversight group during the period when the bank ceased biobanking activity, reconfigured as a disseminator of best practice, before then closing altogether. The paper makes three distinct contributions: (i) to provide a detailed account of the establishment, operational challenges, and eventual closure of the bank, which makes clear the rapid turnover in a cycle of promise and disappointment; (ii) to explore this in terms of a novel analytical focus upon field, institutional, and individual expectations; and (iii) to use this typology to demonstrate how, even after the bank's closure, aspects of its work were reconfigured and reused in new contexts. This provides a unique empirical analysis of the under-reported issue of biobank closure.     

北京市民营医疗机构发展现状与对策探析

描述了北京市民营医疗机构发展的基本情况及其特色优势,并从政策环境及自身建设两个方面分析了北京市民营医疗机构发展存在的主要问题,由此提出加快落实相关政策、优化民营医疗机构发展环境以及民营医疗机构加强自身建设和规范化管理等建议。     

我国高校人力资源开发的问题及其对策

分析了当前我国高校人力资源开发的重要性和存在的主要问题,并运用现代管理理论,提出了树立以人为本的管理理念、建立有利于人才成长的机制、运用柔性化管理模式的措施来促进我国高校人力资源的进一步开发利用。     

民办高校贫困生资助工作的若干思考

针对民办高校贫困学生的特殊性及责助方面存在的种种困难,提出只有创新资助方式,加大对贫困学生的资助力度,建立资助工作的长效机制,才能促进民办高等教育事业积极、健康、可持续发展。     

从文献计量学角度分析全球肿瘤学研究机构的特色与方向

通过文献计量学方法,分析全球肿瘤学研究的整体发展态势及相关研究机构分布概况。基于此,结合情报分析工具VOSViewer 软件,考察具代表性的国际肿瘤学研究机构的研究特色,为推动我国肿瘤学研究的发展提供参考。