青海省野牛沟地区主要兽类的数量与保护

作者于１９９０～１９９２年在青海省中部未受保护的野牛沟地区进行以有蹄类物种为重点的野生动物考察。考察结果表明：藏羚羊、藏原羚、野牦牛和岩羊的数量都超过１０００只,藏野驴约８００只,盘羊近２５０只,白唇鹿未估计数量。对其他１０种兽类也进行了考察。尽管有法律保护野生动物,但偷猎行为并没有得到控制。因此,必须尽快建立野牛沟自然保护区或野生动物管理区。     

血水草地下部分白屈菜红碱的含量测定

提出一个单波长扫描测定血水草地下部分白屈菜红碱含量的方法,药材以95％的乙醇提取在320nm处测定,回收率为96.3％(CV=2.39％),结果稳定可靠。     

甘蔗实生苗的数量性状相关及选种标准的数学模型研究

本文用25个甘蔗杂交组合的2500丛实生苗的数量性状茎径、茎数、株高和锤度,进行净相关分析、各性状分级频率统计、多项式回归分析及多项式方程求解分析,结果表明：（1）各对数量性状的总体单相关,除茎数与锤度单相关接近显著外,其余均达到极显著水平;各对数量性状的二级净相关,茎数与锤度达显著水平,其余的均达极显著水平;这四个数量性状的复相关系数也达到极显著水平.表现为甘蔗数量性状间是互相影响、互为矛盾,构成品质、产量性状间的矛盾与统一.（2）经标准化的茎数（x′2）、株高（x′3）和锤度（x′4）分别依茎径（x1）真值回归的三次多项式回归方程为,x′2=10.543-14.534x′1＋6.55x2^2-0.968x1^3; x′3=-0.573-1.654x1＋1.249x1^2-0.185x1^3;x′4=-2.926＋3.502x1-1.221x1^2＋0.116x1^3.根据这些方程的升降性,分别组成联立方程组,寻找出这四个数量性状的数学摸型入选标准的最适值分别约为：茎径2.4cm、茎数4条/丛、株高180cm、锤度20.0%.最后根据茎径的标准差,求得甘蔗实生苗数量性状的入选标准数学模型值.     

云南南涧凤凰山秋季迁移鸟迁移时序与数量变化

2002年9月16日—11月28日和2003年9月9日—11月26日,在云南南涧凤凰山共网捕秋季迁移鸟176种6677只,分属13目29科。凤凰山鸟类夜间迁移时间开始于8月上旬,至11月中旬结束,可分为开始期、高峰期和结束期。高峰期出现于9月中旬—10月上旬,迁移波峰出现在10月初;高峰期间受圆月影响,中间出现2个网捕低谷。候鸟夜间迁移在日落后约1小时开始,在20:30—24:00出现第1个迁移高峰;随后鸟类迁移数量逐渐减少;到次日4:00左右又开始增多,出现当夜的第2个高峰;在凌晨5:30左右再度减少直到日出前为止。白天迁移主要出现在迁移后期,开始于10月中旬左右,10月下旬、11月中旬达到白天迁移高峰,随后逐渐减少,一直持续到11月下旬,1甚至到12月上旬。白昼迁移鸟在日出前约1小时开始迁过,8:30左右达到白昼迁移高峰,11:00后停止。凤凰山秋季迁移鸟的迁徙期持续约100天。夜间迁徙鸟在西南风无月有雾之夜在22:00过境高峰后,还会在午夜、凌晨和黎明前出现另外3个过境高峰,而其他天气仅在22:00出现1次过境高峰。     

长白山林区棕背(鼠平)秋季种群数量的预测

棕背 (Ｃｌｅｔｈｒｉｏｎｏｍｙｓｒｕｆｏｃａｎｕｓ)为我国北方林区主要森林害鼠之一 ,对林木的危害程度与棕背数量有直接关系[1] ,危害时间主要在秋末至来年初春。在林木鼠害防治中 ,将棕背秋季种群数量提前做出预测预报 ,对采取预防措施具有重要意义。关于棕背种群数量动态的研究已有一些报道[1～ 5] ,棕背危害伊春林区的预测也有报道[1,6] 。作者根据多年在长白山林区调查鼠害的结果 ,提出适合该林区的具体预测方法 ,现将研究结果报道如下。1　研究地点与方法棕背在长白山林区的数量分布有明显的地带性[5,7] ,研究地点选…     

北部湾棱皮树蛙外周血细胞显微结构观察

本文以人们极少关注的两栖动物北部湾棱皮树蛙(Thelodermacorticale)为研究对象,采用瑞氏-姬姆萨混合染色法与血细胞计数法观察并统计了北部湾棱皮树蛙外周血细胞的形态特征和数量比例。结果显示,北部湾棱皮树蛙的外周血由红细胞、嗜中性粒细胞、嗜碱性粒细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞、淋巴细胞(包括大、小淋巴细胞)和单核细胞、血栓细胞7种细胞组成。其中,红细胞的数量最多,平均含量为2.43×10~5个/mm~3,多呈椭圆形或卵圆形,少数呈泪滴形、梨形、逗号形、梭形,具椭圆或圆形核,核染色质密集,偶尔可观察到正在进行直接分裂或有丝分裂的红细胞。白细胞的数量比红细胞少,平均含量为1.74×10~4个/mm~3,其中,小淋巴细胞占40.02%±1.77%、大淋巴细胞占10.83%±2.53%、单核细胞占23.17%±3.16%、嗜中性粒细胞占10.08%±4.62%、嗜碱性粒细胞占9.25%±2.69%、嗜酸性粒细胞占6.72%±1.50%。血栓细胞呈纺锤形和梭形,常单独存在,或者呈圆形和不规则圆形,数个集合在一起。     

Effects of short read quality and quantity on a de novo vertebrate transcriptome assembly

For many researchers, next generation sequencing data holds the key to answering a category of questions previously unassailable. One of the important and challenging steps in achieving these goals is accurately assembling the massive quantity of short sequencing reads into full nucleic acid sequences. For research groups working with non-model or wild systems, short read assembly can pose a significant challenge due to the lack of pre-existing EST or genome reference libraries. While many publications describe the overall process of sequencing and assembly, few address the topic of how many and what types of reads are best for assembly. The goal of this project was use real world data to explore the effects of read quantity and short read quality scores on the resulting de novo assemblies. Using several samples of short reads of various sizes and qualities we produced many assemblies in an automated manner. We observe how the properties of read length, read quality, and read quantity affect the resulting assemblies and provide some general recommendations based on our real-world data set.     

Evaluation and control of the nutritional status of cereals

Summary A quantitative therapy method was developed for predicting and controlling grain yields of oats and spring wheat based on methods of diagnosis and yield pronosis and on effects of supplementary applications of nutrients on the chemical composition of the young plant at a fixed Dry Matter weight-level.The characteristic interactions integrated in the models of therapy and depending on kind, source, amount and combination of the nutrient applications on the chemical composition of the young plant allow selection of the best possible nutrient therapy under the given circumstances.The therapy method, tested by comparing predicted with experimentally obtained nutrient concentrations in the young plant, was proved reliable by the high and highly significant correlation coefficients (r>0.9;p<0.001). The correctness of the basic concepts underlying the therapy method, was thus indirectly confirmed and the possibility to use the method in agricultural practice would appear promising.     

Relation of growth and zinc uptake of rice to quantity,intensity and buffering capacity factors of zinc in soils

Adsorption of zinc in rice soils was studied to define the functional relationship between quantity, intensity and buffering capacity factors of soil zinc to the growth and zinc uptake of rice crop. A supply parameter integrating the quantity, intensity and buffering capacity factors into a single unifying term was computed from the data on Zn adsorption in these soils. A green house experiment was conducted with three soils providing a matrix of different values of supply parameter of Zn to determine the optimum value of this parameter for the proper growth and zinc nutrition of rice crop. Results indicated that a value of this parameter around unity is optimum for sustaining proper growth and zinc nutrition of rice in these soils. The variations in dry matter yield and zinc uptake of rice in different soils may be related to the differences in the physical and chemical properties of the soils.     

基于遥感影像的城市空间三维绿量(绿化三维量)定量研究

三维绿量又称绿化三维量,是指所有生长植物的茎叶所占据的空间体积。城市三维绿量的测量研究是城市绿化环境效益评价的基本前提,也是城市生态系统研究的重要内容之一。以彩红外航空遥感图像为主要信息源,研究了城市空间三维绿量定量计算的方法。在对植被遥感阴影图像分割的前提下,根据航空摄影时太阳、摄影机以及树木三者之间的几何位置关系,建立了空间三维绿量遥感中关键的植被高度模型。应用统计分析方法,建立了研究区主要树种的树高一冠径相关关系模型。根据冠径一冠高关系以及典型树种的树冠立体几何形态与绿量方程,运用G1S分别计算了浙江省宁波市江北区、江东区、海曙区和全市的总三维绿量和平均相对三维绿量,以及平均相对三维绿量的区域分布。宁波市全市及江北区、海曙区和江东区的平均相对三维绿量分别为3284．4m^3／hm^2、3652．4m^3／hm^2、2908．5m^3／hm^2和3229．7m^3／hm^2,总三维绿量分别为1606．6万m^3、659．5万m^3、448．9万m^3和498．2万m^3。研究结果不仅为城市绿化数据库的建立奠定了基础,而且还丰富了城市绿化评价指标,有助于估算城市绿化的生态环境效益,以及为城市绿化系统的设计,特别是为环境要求不同的功能区的绿化系统的设计、城市绿化群落布局的合理性评价和城市绿化规划提供有价值的技术参数。