Research and effectiveness of anti-viral drugs against COVID-19; global public intervention to prevent coronavirus and to improve human health

Since the first case report on COVID-19, its transmission took place rapidly across the globe. Currently, it is reported to be spread into a total of 216 countries and territories. The suppression on industrial and gasoline burning activities accompanied after COVID-19 lock down favorably boosted the nature to restore its deteriorated sections such as in air with the improved Air quality index and in water bodies with the natural tone of purity. Increased use of anti-viral drugs along with herbal therapies has been observed at mass scale as global intervention to prevent the disease. The use of personal protective equipment and disinfection strategies for the control of pandemic has dramatically increased the pollution of plastic and medical waste. This article aims to forecast and highlight the evidence-based impact/changes (+ive and -ive) of coronavirus on the environment, global interventions to prevent the disease along with the levels of effectiveness of personal used protective equipment to stop the spread of coronavirus.     

CETP genotype and changes in lipid levels in response to weight-loss diet intervention in the POUNDS LOST and DIRECT randomized trials

Little is known about whether cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) genetic variation may modify the effect of weight-loss diets varying in fat content on changes in lipid levels. We analyzed the interaction between the CETP variant rs3764261 and dietary interventions on changes in lipid levels among 732 overweight/obese adults from a 2 year randomized weight-loss trial [Preventing Overweight Using Novel Dietary Strategies (POUNDS LOST)], and replicated the findings in 171 overweight/obese adults from an independent 2 year weight-loss trial [Dietary Intervention Randomized Controlled Trial (DIRECT)]. In the POUNDS LOST, participants with the CETP rs3764261 CC genotype on the high-fat diet had larger increases in HDL cholesterol (P = 0.001) and decreases in triglycerides (P = 0.007) than those on the low-fat diet at 6 months, while no significant difference between these two diets was observed among participants carrying other genotypes. The gene-diet interactions on changes in HDL-cholesterol and tri­glyc­erides were replicated in the DIRECT (pooled P for interaction ≤ 0.01). Similar results on trajectory of changes in HDL cholesterol and triglycerides over the 2 year intervention were observed in both trials. Our study provides replicable evidence that individuals with the CETP rs3764261 CC genotype might derive greater effects on raising HDL cholesterol and lowering triglycerides by choosing a low-carbohydrate/high-fat weight-loss diet instead of a low-fat diet.     

透明质酸钠预防微波消融术后局部粘连的实验研究

目的:通过实验探讨透明质酸钠预防微波消融术后局部组织粘连的效果。方法:120只健康SD大鼠随机分为三组,每组40只,分别为微波消融组(A组,对照组)、微波消融加透明质酸钠组(B组)、微波消融加生理盐水组(C组)。通过对大鼠背部肌肉进行微波消融建立术后局部粘连模型,并在该模型基础上应用透明质酸钠,术后3 d、1 w、2 w、4 w分别对背部组织进行粘连分级、HE染色及免疫组化观察和分析。结果:消融术后3 d、1 w、2 w,B组在粘连分级方面A、B及C 3组间水平差异具有统计学意义P0.05);4 w时A、B、C组间的差异无统计学意义(P=0.458)。两两比较,A、C两组在四个时间点水平差异无统计学差异(P均0.05),而B组在消融术后3 d、1 w和2 w时,粘连分级明显优于A、C组,P=0.029(3 d)、P=0.011(1W)、P=0.004(2W),水平差异显著,有统计学意义;4 w时,P=0.391,无统计学意义。消融术后A、C组HE染色及免疫组化染色光镜下观察,淋巴细胞、巨噬细胞等炎症浸润情况及成纤维细胞数目均较B组多,且A、C组胶原纤维沉积明显多于B组。结论:透明质酸钠能够有效减轻微波消融术后发生的局部组织粘连。     

秧宝灵防止早稻烂秧的效应

从化学防寒角度,探讨防止早稻烂秧、培育壮秧的新途径。结果表明,用秧宝灵浸渍早稻种子,不仅有利于增强发芽势,提高发芽率,使种子催成根短芽壮的好秧苗,而且能有效地防止烂秧,达到培育壮秧之目的,并获得早熟增产的良好效果。     

Estimating the immunity coverage required to prevent epidemics in a community of households

An estimation of the immunity coverage needed to prevent future outbreaks of an infectious disease is considered for a community of households. Data on outbreak size in a sample of households from one epidemic are used to derive maximum likelihood estimates and confidence bounds for parameters of a stochastic model for disease transmission in a community of households. These parameter estimates induce estimates and confidence bounds for the basic reproduction number and the critical immunity coverage, which are the parameters of main interest when aiming at preventing major outbreaks in the future. The case when individuals are homogeneous, apart from the size of their household, is considered in detail. The generalization to the case with variable infectivity, susceptibility and/or mixing behaviour is discussed more briefly. The methods are illustrated with an application to data on influenza in Tecumseh, Michigan.     

秧宝灵防止早稻烂秧的生理基础

秧宝灵浸渍早稻种子,可有效地防止其烂秧发生和提高秧苗素质。这主要是由于秧宝灵处理后能加快幼叶的转绿速度,增加芽和幼叶的束缚水含量,提高芽的可溶性蛋白质含量,增强幼苗根系的活力,从而使秧苗具有较强的抗低温胁迫的能力。     

心得安预防门脉高压引起初次消化道出血的疗效观察

目的:观察心得安预防门脉高压症消化道出血的疗效、不良反应及临床应用的注意事项。方法选择本院102例肝硬化食道胃底静脉曲张患者,随机分为心得安组(52例)和安慰剂组(25例)。对出血发作的病情、持续的时间、输血量的多少、对止血药物的反应、生存期以及副反应进行观察。结果随访12个月,治疗组出血发生率为19.2%,安慰剂组为28%,两组差异无显著意义。随访20个月,治疗组出血发生率28.8%,安慰剂组48%,两组比较有显著性差异(P<0.05),但生存时间无显著差异。结论心得安对预防门脉高压症消化道初次出血有明显疗效,但不能延长肝硬化病人的生存期。     

宁蒙特大沙暴科学考察报告

在对1993年5月5日宁蒙两区发生特大沙暴考察的基础上,系统分析了特大沙暴形成的原因、造成的危害及沙暴的运行规律。结果表明,特大沙暴发生是在大气候条件控制下,由大风、干旱和土地严重沙漠化不断扩大的综合作用结果,这次特大沙暴给人民生命财产造成了极为惨重的损失。沙暴运行规律表明,防护林和治沙工程对防止沙暴的作用是十分显著的。同时针对沙暴易发区的自然、社会和经济特点,提出了预防、整治和合理开发利用该区资源的综合防治对策。