14种剑蕨属植物的孢子形态特征及其系统分类学意义

利用扫描电子显微镜对水龙骨科(Polypodiaceae)剑蕨属(Loxogramme)14种植物的孢子形态和表面纹饰进行了观察。结果显示:剑蕨属的孢子具有单裂缝和三裂缝两种类型,个别物种具有中间过渡类型。剑蕨属的孢子纹饰为蠕虫状或浅波纹状。经比较发现,具三裂缝孢子的物种通常植株较小,而具单裂缝的种类则通常植株较大。从进化的角度来看,三裂缝孢子为原始类型,单裂缝孢子为进化类型,因而从孢子形态特征的角度支持剑蕨属为水龙骨科基部类群。     

中国瓦韦属三种植物的细胞分类学研究

首次报道中国分布的3种瓦韦属植物的染色体数目,分别为线叶瓦韦,2n=42;丽江瓦韦,2n=144;西藏瓦韦,2n=50。其中,线叶瓦韦n=21是水龙骨科一个新的染色体基数。结合已有资料对染色体数目在瓦韦属中的重要分类学价值进行了讨论。     

假瘤蕨属 (水龙骨科) 植物叶表皮特征的比较研究

在光镜和扫描电镜下观察了假瘤蕨属2系、5亚系的24种植物的叶表皮。结果表明,叶表皮细胞形状不规则,垂周壁波曲状。下生气孔,气孔类型有极细胞型、共环极细胞型、腋下细胞型、聚腋下细胞型和不规则型,常伴生出现。在扫描电镜下,叶表皮气孔器外拱盖内缘为浅波状、少平滑;一些种的保卫细胞两端有“T”型加厚;角质膜波状有条纹,有时附有颗粒。叶表皮的一些特征对该属部分种的区分有一定的参考价值。叶表皮的微形态特征,如气孔器类型和垂周壁类型特征不能用来界定假瘤蕨属的系和亚系。     

A fossil fern indicator of epiphytism in a Tertiary flora

The first known indicator of probable fern epiphytism in the Tertiary fossil record is documented from the Eocene London Clay of southeast England. This pyritised fern rachis exhibits major deviation from the basic form of petiolar vascular trace morphology shown by the other London Clay fossil ferns and is here attributed to the Polypodiaceae. This represents the first known occurrence of this family in the London Clay macroflora, and brings the total of distinct fern rachis types from the Lower Tertiary of southeast England to six. The significance of this find is interpreted in relation to its probable origins from a tropical rainforest palaeoflora in which it is proposed that this specimen represents the first occurrence of an epiphytic component.     

石韦属植物脉序特征及其分类学意义

采用解剖学方法,研究了水龙骨科鹿角蕨亚科石韦属(Pyrrosia)17种植物的脉序特征,并与该科其它3亚科8属8个代表种的脉序进行了对比。结果显示,石韦属植物的脉序属于结合脉序,并可进一步细分为弯脉蕨型和拟槲蕨型。根据脉序特征的聚类分析表明,石韦属植物的结合脉序与水龙骨科其它属植物的结合脉序具有显著差异,且此脉序特征是石韦属内较稳定的分类性状,具有一定的分类学价值。本研究还基于脉序特征,讨论了石蕨(P.angustissimum(Giesenh.ex Diels)TagawaK.lwats.)、抱树石韦(P.piloselloides M.G.Price Kalikasan)与其它石韦属植物的亲缘与进化关系。     

Antheridiogen production and response in Polypodiaceae species

Antheridiogen chemicals secreted by living fern gametophytes have been shown to influence production of male gametangia and thus mating systems in a large number of terrestrial fern species. Antheridiogens have not previously been thought to be prevalent in the Polypodiaceae, a large family composed mostly of tropical epiphytes. This study presents bioassay methods more sensitive than previously used to detect antheridiogen and demonstrates that antheridiogens are also operative in the Polypodiaceae and in epiphytic species. Seven species in six genera (Campyloneurum angustifolium, C. phyllitidis, Lepisorus thunbergianus, Microgramma heterophylla, Phlebodium aureum, Phymatosorus scolopendria, and Polypodium pellucidum) were tested for the presence of an antheridiogen system. All species tested except P. aureum were induced to produce antheridia precociously by their own antheridiogen and by that of Pteridium aquilinum (APt). Phlebodium aureum responded to APt and promoted antheridium formation in Onoclea sensibilis but did not respond to its own antheridiogen. Spores of all species except P. aureum were induced to germinate in darkness by antheridiogen of the same species and by APt and to form antheridia in the dark, further enhancing the possibility of intergametophytic mating.     

西双版纳热带森林附生维管植物的物种多样性与区系特征

附生植物是山地森林生态系统中重要的结构性成分。因受林冠调查技术限制, 人们对林冠附生植物知之甚少。本文在前人有关西双版纳植物区系研究的基础上, 结合野外调查和标本资料, 对该地区附生植物的物种组成与分布进行了整理。结果表明, 西双版纳热带森林附生维管植物共有29科134属486种, 约占全部维管植物的11%。附生兰科是最丰富的类群(69属293种), 其中以石斛属(Dendrobium) (49种)和石豆兰属(Bulbophyllum) (48种)物种数最多。蕨类是仅次于兰科的附生类群(13科38属97种), 其中水龙骨科(51种)占附生蕨类总数的50%以上。基于生活史和养分来源的划分标准, 该地区48%的附生物种属于兼性附生, 其次是以兰科为主的专性附生(46%), 半附生仅占6%。从区系上看, 西双版纳附生植物属的分布具有明显的热带亚洲性质。附生植物主要分布于资源受限的林冠生境, 对环境变化极为敏感, 在人为干扰日益加剧的背景下, 这类植物正面临严重威胁。因此, 需要加强对西双版纳林冠亚系统的保护。     

广西蕨类植物孢子形态的研究Ⅰ.水龙骨科

该文是广西蕨类植物孢子形态研究的第一部分。首次利用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对广西产水龙骨科6属9种植物的孢子形态进行了观察研究。对每个种的孢子形态特征及表面纹饰进行了描述。水龙骨科6属9种植物孢子都为单裂缝类型孢子,孢子外壁表面具有皱状、细孔状、蠕虫状、瘤状、光滑、索状条纹和颗粒状纹饰7种纹饰类型。讨论了各属、种问的差异,为水龙骨科系统分类及孢粉学研究提供资料。     

云南水龙骨科星蕨亚科植物的区系地理研究

对云南水龙骨科星蕨亚科植物种类的地理成分进行了划分,并对云南与邻近地区的区系联系进行了比较,对云南该亚科植物的区系起源也作了探讨。得出如下结论云南是中国水龙骨科星蕨亚科植物的现代地理分布中心;该亚科植物是典型的热带亚洲的区系成分;与广西和越南北部的区系联系最密切;云南东南部和越南北部是水龙骨科星蕨亚科植物的多样性中心。     

The first fossil Microsoroid fern (Palaeosorum ellipticum gen. et sp. nov.) from the middle Miocene of Yunnan,SW China

The microsoroid ferns make up a large group in the family Polypodiaceae, easily characterized by the combination of at least partly clathrate rhizome scales and anastomosing reticulate venation. The diversification of this clade is poorly known, both because of unresolved generic delimitations and the lack of fossil records. In this work, we describe the first microsoroid macrofossil: Palaeosorum ellipticum sp. nov. F. M. B. Jacques & Z. K. Zhou. The fossil specimen, represented by part and counterpart, was found in the middle Miocene sediment of the Dajie Formation in Ailsohan, central Yunnan, southwest China. Epiphytic ferns belonging to Drynariaare found in different locations in Yunnan during the Pliocene. The fossil described in this study deepens the occurrence of epiphytic ferns in Yunnan back to the middle Miocene. It demonstrates that forests with complex ecological relationships have existed in southwest China for more than 10 million years.