Purification of a fibrolast-inhibitory factor from Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans Y4

Abstract A factor showing inhibitory activity against human gingival fibrolasts was extracted from the cytosol fraction of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans Y4. The activity markedly inhibited the proliferation of human gingival fibrolasts, but had no effect on cell viability or gross morphology. No such activity was found in cytosol fractions from either Porphyromonas gingivalis 381 or Escherichia coli HB101. The extract from A. actinomycetemcomitans Y4 was then purified by anion-exchange chromatography, hydroxyapatite chromatography and gel-filtration chromatography to give a single band on SDS-PAGE with an apparent molecular mass of 65 kDa. The purification ratio was 183-fold with a recovery rate of 5% compared with the crude extract (starting material) when the activity was assessed by direct cell counts.     

光动力疗法辅助治疗轻中度牙周炎的疗效观察

目的:探讨光动力疗法(PDT)辅助治疗轻中度牙周炎患者的临床疗效。方法:选取我院2016年1月-2017年8月收治的轻中度牙周炎患者46例为研究对象,共选取患牙276颗,随机分为观察组与对照组,每组138颗患牙,对照组予以龈下刮治术和根面平整术(SRP)治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上联合PDT治疗,比较治疗前、治疗后1个月、2个月、3个月观察两组患者的牙周袋探诊深度(PD)、探诊出血(BOP)阳性率、出血指数(BI)。结果:治疗后1个月、2个月、3个月,两组PD均随着时间的推移逐渐变浅(P0.05),且观察组治疗后各时间点均浅于对照组(P0.05);两组BOP阳性率均较治疗前降低,且观察组治疗后各时间均低于对照组(P0.05);两组BI随着时间的推移呈逐渐下降趋势(P0.05),且观察组治疗后各时间点BI均低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:PDT辅助治疗轻中度牙周炎患者的临床疗效较好,其能减小PD,降低BI和BOP阳性率。     

Cervitec凝胶局部应用结合洁刮治术对牙周炎龈下菌群的影响

目的:探讨Cervitec凝胶局部应用结合洁刮治术对牙周炎龈下菌群的影响效果。方法:选取我院口腔科已确诊为牙周炎患者60例,根据治疗方案不同分为实验组与对照组,对照组进行传统洁刮术治疗,实验组在对照组基础上将Cervitec凝胶涂抹于牙齿及牙周袋周围,比较两组患者的口腔健康指数、探诊及龈沟液水平、菌群抑制效果及主要细菌杀灭水平变化情况,其数据结果应用统计学软件SPSS 17.0处理。结果:与对照组相比较,实验组患者口腔指数、牙龈水平及菌群杀灭抑制效果明显,表现为:菌斑指数、牙龈指数、出血指数明显降低(P0.05);探诊深度、附着水平、龈沟液含量明显下降(P0.05);总菌群、G-及G+菌群抑制程度提高(P0.05);高登链球菌、缓症链球菌、变黑普氏菌、牙龈卟啉单胞菌杀灭程度明显提高(P0.05)。其结果均有统计学意义。结论:Cervitec凝胶局部应用联合洁刮治术对牙周炎牙龈下菌群有良好抑制效果,并维持长久疗效,降低刺激程度及过敏情况,提高临床有效率,保护牙龈健康,对牙体产生较小的副作用。     

高原低氧环境下牙周炎的发病机制

牙周炎的病理过程受全身和局部因素的综合调控,一些调查研究显示高原牙周炎患病率高于平原地区,显然高原特殊环境在牙周炎的发生和发展过程中起到一定的作用,因此本文就高原低氧环境下牙周病变组织的变化、可能的发病机制作一综述。     

TNF—a在糖尿病合并牙周炎大鼠模型中的表达及意义

目的：建立糖尿病合并牙周炎大鼠模型,观察比较近牙槽嵴区牙周膜内肿瘤坏死因子-a（TNF-a）的含量,探讨高血糖对牙周组织炎症程度的影响。方法：糖尿病大鼠（STZ组）模型采用链脲佐菌素一次性腹腔注射制备,单纯牙周炎组州组）注射同剂量的枸橼酸钠缓冲液。成模且稳定后（4周）,两组都采用大鼠牙颈部丝线结扎的方法诱导牙周炎模型,于结扎后1周,2周,3周处死大鼠,采用组织学方法,免疫组织化学结合MATLAB7．0．1图像灰度定量分析法,研究近牙槽嵴区牙周膜中TNF-a水平的变化及牙周组织炎症的进展程度。结果：N组与STZ组除0周外各时间点两组之间比较有显著性差异（P〈0．001）;N组内各时间点每两组之间比较有统计学差别（P〈0．05）;STZ组内各时间点每两组之间比较有统计学差别（P〈0．05）。随时间的增加,各组大鼠的炎症程度增加,TNF—a的表达水平增加,STZ组的病变进展程度显著重于N组。结论：一次性腹腔注射STZ＋牙颈部丝线结扎可成功建立实验性糖尿病大鼠的牙周炎模型。高血糖浓度使糖尿病大鼠牙槽骨TNF-a的表达水平增加,降低了机体的损伤一修复能力,牙周组织的炎症进一步加重。     

A highly catalytically active γ-carbonic anhydrase from the pathogenic anaerobe Porphyromonas gingivalis and its inhibition profile with anions and small molecules

Carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) belonging to the γ-class are present in archaea, bacteria and plants but, except the Methanosarcina thermophila enzymes CAM and CAMH, they were poorly characterized so far. Here we report a new such enzyme (PgiCA), the γ-CA from the oral cavity pathogenic bacterium Porphyromonas gingivalis, the main causative agent of periodontitis. PgiCA showed a good catalytic activity for the CO₂ hydration reaction, comparable to that of the human (h) isoform hCA I. Inorganic anions such as thiocyanate, cyanide, azide, hydrogen sulfide, sulfamate and trithiocarbonate were effective PgiCA inhibitors with inhibition constants in the range of 41–97 μM. Other effective inhibitors were diethyldithiocarbamate, sulfamide, and phenylboronic acid, with K_Is of 4.0–9.8 μM. The role of this enzyme as a possible virulence factor of P. gingivalis is poorly understood at the moment but its good catalytic activity and the possibility to be inhibited by a large number of compounds may lead to interesting developments in the field.     

Metagenomic Analysis Reveals A Possible Association Between Respiratory Infection and Periodontitis

Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease that is characterized by progressive destruction of the periodontium and causes tooth loss in adults. Periodontitis is known to be associated with dysbiosis of the oral microflora, which is often linked to various diseases. However, the complexity of plaque microbial communities of periodontitis, antibiotic resistance, and enhanced virulence make this disease difficult to treat. In this study, using metagenomic shotgun sequencing, we investigated the etiology, antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), and virulence genes (VirGs) of periodontitis. We revealed a significant shift in the composition of oral microbiota as well as several functional pathways that were represented significantly more abundantly in periodontitis patients than in controls. In addition, we observed several positively selected ARGs and VirGs with the Ka/Ks ratio > 1 by analyzing our data and a previous periodontitis dataset, indicating that ARGs and VirGs in oral microbiota may be subjected to positive selection. Moreover, 5 of 12 positively selected ARGs and VirGs in periodontitis patients were found in the genomes of respiratory tract pathogens. Of note, 91.8% of the background VirGs with at least one non-synonymous single-nucleotide polymorphism for natural selection were also from respiratory tract pathogens. These observations suggest a potential association between periodontitis and respiratory infection at the gene level. Our study enriches the knowledge of pathogens and functional pathways as well as the positive selection of antibiotic resistance and pathogen virulence in periodontitis patients, and provides evidence at the gene level for an association between periodontitis and respiratory infection.     

Resveratrol improves oxidative stress and prevents the progression of periodontitis via the activation of the Sirt1/AMPK and the Nrf2/antioxidant defense pathways in a rat periodontitis model

Oxidative stress is a key factor regulating the systemic pathophysiological effects associated with periodontitis. Resveratrol is a phytochemical with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that can reduce oxidative stress and inflammation. We hypothesized that resveratrol may prevent the progression of periodontitis and reduce systemic oxidative stress through the activation of the sirtuin 1 (Sirt1)/AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and the nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/antioxidant defense pathways. Three groups of male Wistar rats (periodontitis treated with melinjo resveratrol, periodontitis without resveratrol, and control rats with no periodontitis or resveratrol treatment) were examined. A ligature was placed around the maxillary molars for 3 weeks to induce periodontitis, and the rats were then given drinking water with or without melinjo resveratrol. In rats with periodontitis, ligature placement induced alveolar bone resorption, quantified using three-dimensional images taken by micro-CT, and increased proinflammatory cytokine levels in gingival tissue. Melinjo resveratrol intake relieved alveolar bone resorption and activated the Sirt1/AMPK and the Nrf2/antioxidant defense pathways in inflamed gingival tissues. Further, melinjo resveratrol improved the systemic levels of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, dityrosine, nitric oxide metabolism, nitrotyrosine, and proinflammatory cytokines. We conclude that oral administration of melinjo resveratrol may prevent the progression of ligature-induced periodontitis and improve systemic oxidative and nitrosative stress.     

Inhibition of the histone demethylase KDM4B leads to activation of KDM1A,attenuates bacterial-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine release,and reduces osteoclastogenesis

Periodontal disease (PD) afflicts 46% of Americans with no effective adjunctive therapies available. While most pharmacotherapy for PD targets bacteria, the host immune response is responsible for driving tissue damage and bone loss in severe disease. Herein, we establish that the histone demethylase KDM4B is a potential drug target for the treatment of PD. Immunohistochemical staining of diseased periodontal epithelium revealed an increased abundance of KDM4B that correlates with inflammation. In murine calvarial sections exposed to Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans lipopolysaccharide (Aa-LPS), immunohistochemical staining revealed a significant increase in KDM4B protein expression. The 8-hydroxyquinoline ML324 is known to inhibit the related demethylase KDM4E in vitro, but has not been evaluated against any other targets. Our studies indicate that ML324 also inhibits KDM4B (IC50: 4.9 μM), and decreases the pro-inflammatory cytokine response to an Aa-LPS challenge in vitro. Our results suggest that KDM4B inhibition-induced immunosuppression works indirectly, requiring new protein synthesis. In addition, fluorescence-stained macrophages exhibited a significant decrease in global monomethyl histone 3 lysine 4 (H3K4me) levels following an Aa-LPS challenge that was prevented by KDM4B inhibition, suggesting this effect is produced through KDM1A-mediated demethylation of H3K4. Finally, ML324 inhibition of KDM4B in osteoclast progenitors produced a significant reduction in Aa-LPS-induced osteoclastogenesis. These data link histone methylation with host immune response to bacterial pathogens in PD, and suggest a previously unreported, alternative mechanism for epigenetic control of the host inflammatory environment. As such, KDM4B represents a new therapeutic target for treating hyper-inflammatory diseases that result in bone destruction.     

尼美舒利联合甲硝唑对牙周炎患者血清IL-10、TNF-α和MMP-8水平的影响

目的:研究尼美舒利联合甲硝唑对牙周炎患者血清白细胞介素-10(IL-10)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)、基质金属蛋白酶-8(MMP-8)水平的影响。方法:收集2014年3月至2015年3月我院收治的90例牙周炎患者,按照抽签法分为实验组和对照组,每组各45例。两组均采用牙结石以及牙菌斑除去、根面平整、冲洗牙周袋等常规治疗。对照组在此基础上采用甲硝唑治疗,0.9%生理盐水进行冲洗。实验组在对照组基础上采用尼美舒利治疗,每次2片,每天2次。观察和比较两组的治疗疗效,牙周情况,治疗前后血清IL-10、TNF-α、MMP-8水平的变化及不良反应的发生情况。结果:治疗后,实验组总有效率显著高于对照组(P0.05);GI、PD、PLI、AL显著低于对照组(P0.05);血清IL-10水平显著高于对照组(P0.05),血清TNF-α、MMP-8水平显著低于对照组(P0.05);两组不良反应总发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:尼美舒利联合甲硝唑治疗牙周炎可显著提高其临床疗效,消除或缓解临床症状,可能与其提高血清IL-10水平,降低TNF-α、MMP-8水平,抑制炎症反应,保持牙内环境稳定有关。