深圳福田鱼塘改造区鸟类监测及评价

深圳福田沙嘴鱼塘定向改造是深圳河治理工程环境补偿项目的一部分。经2000年11月至2002年10月2年的监测,共记录鸟类69种,其中福田新记录5种,福田鸟类的种类记录由189种增加到194种。沙嘴鱼塘改造区的鸟类与该区改造前及下沙对照区相比,鸟类的平均密度、丰度、群落多样性指数等明显提高,说明鱼塘改造取得了积极效果。建议在福田现有基围鱼塘全面进行定向改造,实行生态管理,提高福田湿地的生态承载力,逐步恢复其原有的生态功能。     

中国野生动物调查存在的问题与改进建议

一百余年前,人类就开始了相对系统的野生动物调查。目前已经建立了成熟的方法体系,并制定了相应的调查规范。最近几十年来,我国科研人员进行了大量的野生动物调查。但是,当前我国的野外调查规范还不够细致,调查者在调查时缺乏必要的约束,导致调查数据不规范、不可靠,很多重要信息缺失。突出问题有：样线信息不全,只有起点和终点的经纬度,没有自动记录的详细样线信息（如每秒记录一次的连续点位信息,含经纬度和时间）;动物位点信息缺乏可信度指标（如距观测者的距离）;调查时间不合理;调查地点的空间取样不均衡;记录的标准化不够（如每个观测点的观测时长不确定）等等。对此,我们参考国际通用的调查规范,提出了一些简单易行的调查要点,以便提高野外调查数据的质量。另外,我们提倡野外记录的无纸化,充分利用现有的手机应用软件（APP）和模型工具提高野外记录以及后期数据处理的效率。最后,我们提议建立固定的中国生物多样性监测样线体系,以便消除每年调查时空间取样的不确定性,更好地量化野生动物的时间动态,为野生动物的保护和管理提供依据。     

Characterization of ten microsatellite marker loci in the Komodo Monitor (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Varanus komodoensis</Emphasis>)

The Komodo monitor (Varanus komodoensis) is a classic example of a species that has been fragmented into small isolated populations over a limited range. This species, classified as endangered under Appendix I of the Convention on the International Trade of Endangered Species. We describe 10 novel species-specific microsatellite loci characterized in representatives from three of the endemic island populations. One locus, 12HDZ820 appears to be fixed in one population at an allele size not found in the other two. This microsatellite suite should be helpful in augmenting the marker selection currently available for Komodo Monitor population studies.     

Assessment of the Monitor Unit Objective tool for VMAT in the Eclipse treatment planning system

Aim

This work aims to achieve the highest possible monitor units (MU) reduction using the MU Objective tool included in the Eclipse treatment planning system, while preserving the plan quality.

2000年广州地区常见病原菌耐药性监测

目的：对广州地区临床分离菌进行耐药性监测,为临床合理用药提供依据。方法：采用纸片扩散法进行药敏试验,用whonet软件进行统计和分析。结果：耐甲氧床西林的金黄色葡萄球菌和凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌分别占50.8%和79.1%,未发现耐万古霉素的葡萄球菌,大肠埃希菌和克雷伯菌属未发现耐亚胺培南,产超广谱β-内酰胺酶的发生率为36.4%和31.7%,肠杆菌属、不动杆菌属对第三代头孢菌素的耐药率较高,铜绿假单胞菌对头孢他啶和亚胺培南仍较敏感。结论：了解细菌耐药的最新动态,对临床合理用药具有重要意义。     

Lysozyme conjugate immune complex formation and the effects on substrate hydrolysis

The defined estrone glucuronide-lysozyme conjugate E3, that is acylated solely at K33, was used as a probe for the steric requirements of the active site cleft of chicken type lysozymes. When the immune complex was formed with an anti-estrone glucuronide antiserum, the rate of lysis of the E3 conjugate with the large bacterial substrate Micrococcus lysodeikticus was inhibited by over 90%. However, when the small hexamer of N-acetyl glucosamine was used as the substrate, the rate of hydrolysis by the immune complex was accelerated by 350% compared with the control rate. Thus, inhibition by the anti-estrone glucuronide cannot be caused simply by steric occlusion of the active site. Other factor(s) in the immune complex activate the hydrolysis reaction, most likely by favouring the conformations that lead to the transition state.     

Use of a Novel Sporulation Monitor to Quantify the EVects of Formulation and Storage on Conidiation by Dried Mycelia of the Entomopathogenic Fungus Zoophthora radicans

A novel piece of equipment, the sporulation monitor, is described for the comparison of conidia production from mycelia receiving diVerent formulation and storage treatments. This equipment was used to compare the viability of Zoophthora radicans mycelial samples treated either with 10% maltose solution or with distilled water before drying and storage for 0-12 weeks at 4oC. Freshly dried maltose-treated mycelial mat samples produced significantly more conidia for a significantly longer time than distilled water-treated mat samples of the same age. Very few conidia were produced from mats in either treatment after storage for 4 weeks or longer. There were great diVerences in conidia production from mycelial mat samples produced in diVerent fermenter runs. These results are discussed in relation to the potential for the use of dried mycelia in biological control programmes.     

Monitoring the progression of loop-mediated isothermal amplification using conductivity

Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) yields a large amount of DNA, as well as magnesium pyrophosphate precipitate, causing a decrease in ionic strength that can be measured with a conductivity meter. There is a clear relationship between the conductivity of the LAMP mixture solution and the duration of biochemical reaction. Moreover, there is also a clear relationship between the change in conductivity and the amount of initial template DNA over the range of 0.08 to 3.2 ng. These results demonstrate the feasibility not only for detecting the LAMP product qualitatively but also for real-time monitoring the biochemical reaction progression quantitatively using conductivity measurements.     

6719例住院患者医院感染的监测结果分析

目的：分析我院住院患者医院感染的发病特点和危险因素。方法：利用前瞻性监测和回顾性分析方法对2012年1~3月我院收治的6719例住院患者中发生医院感染的病例进行调查分析。结果：6719例住院患者发生医院感染145例,感染率2.16%;感染部位以呼吸系统为首（59.3%）,其余依次为为胃肠道（17.2%）和泌尿道（11.7%）;ICU的感染率最高,为22.0%,其次为外科系统（4.03%）和内科系统（1.71%）。病原学检测送检率为51.0%,阳性率为78.3%,共检出118株病原菌,其中革兰氏阴性菌占57.6%,真菌占22.9%,革兰氏阳性菌占17.8%。导致院内感染的危险因素中最常见的为放疗化疗（31.0%）、气管切开（15.9%）、导尿插管（17.9%）。结论：加强医务人员的感控意识,强化卫生制度,严格执行无菌操作规程,合理应用抗菌药物是控制医院感染发生的重要措施。