瓦屋山国家森林公园锄足蟾科6种的繁殖鸣声特性

在地处四川省洪雅县的瓦屋山国家森林公园录取了锄足蟾科 6种的繁殖期求偶鸣叫声。它们分隶 4属 ,即角蟾属 (Megophrys)、齿蟾属 (Oreolalax)、齿突蟾属 (Scutiger)和掌突蟾属 (Leptolalax)。在IBMPC上用“SIGNAL”软件 (EngineeringDesign ,USA)对获取的鸣声资料进行分析 ,分析的频率范围设置为 0～ 10kHz。声学分析结果表明 :峨山掌突蟾 (L oshanensi) ,小角蟾 (M minorr) ,角蟾 1种 (M sp) ,金顶齿突蟾[S (S )chintingensis],峨眉齿蟾 (O omeimontis)和无蹼齿蟾 (O schmidti)的主能峰频率平均值分别是45 2 1 9、 34 5 6 4、 2 2 93 8、 10 76 5、 10 71 0和 1849 4Hz ,每声持续时间的平均值分别是 46 2、 90 8、 99 6、72 2、 78 8和 110 3ms ,声距的平均值分别是 140 4、 2 5 3 0、 6 81 4、 15 17 7、 46 1 3和 6 19 5ms。单因子方差分析结果表明主能峰频率、每声持续时间和各声距在 6个种间差异极显著 (P <0 0 1)。LSD法多重比较的结果指出金顶齿突蟾和峨眉齿蟾间的主能峰频率无显著差异 (P =0 917>0 0 5 ) ;在每声持续时间上 ,只有峨山掌突蟾与小角蟾、角蟾 1种、峨眉齿蟾、无蹼齿蟾间差异极显著 (P <0 0 1) ;在声距上 ,峨山掌突蟾与小角蟾间无显著差异 ,角蟾 1种与无蹼齿蟾之间、峨     

贵州省发现短肢角蟾

2012年6月,在梵净山国家级自然保护区附近的松桃县一村庄采到雄性角蟾标本1号,经鉴定为短肢角蟾(Megophrys brachykolos Inger and Romer),系贵州省两栖动物新纪录。     

尾突角蟾Megophryscaudoprocta(两栖纲,角蟾科)的进一步记述

尾突角蟾(Megophrys caudoprocta Shen,1994)具有非常特殊的特征,它们的尾杆骨(urostyle)长,超过坐骨(ischium)后缘,支持着尾突(caudal projection);泄殖孔(cloacal pore)在股间后缘向腹面开口;上眼睑(upper eyelid)前部大,有一三角形突起向侧后突出.这些特征有别于角蟾属其他物种,有重要研究价值.近年来在模式标本产地又采到1雌2雄,先后共4号成体标本,本文对其形态特征,生物学资料和分布作了进一步记述,并拍摄到原色生态照片.     

Another chloromyxid lineage: molecular phylogeny and redescription of Chloromyxum careni from the Asian horned frog Megophrys nasuta

Infection with Chloromyxum careni Mutschmann, 1999 was found in the Asian horned frog Megophrys nasuta from Malaysia and Indonesia. Kidney was the only organ infected. Coelozoic plasmodia up to 300 μm were localized in Bowman's space, embracing the glomerulus from all sides, or rarely in lumina of renal tubules. Plasmodia are polysporic, containing disporic pansporoblasts. Myxospores observed by light microscopy are colorless, variable in shape and size, measuring 6.0-8.5 × 5.0-6.5 μm, composed of two symmetrical valves joined by a meridian suture, containing four pyriform polar capsules 3.0-4.0 × 2.5-3.0 μm and a single sporoplasm. Each valve possesses 14-24 (median 21) fine longitudinal ridges clearly visible only in scanning electron microscopy. Rarely, atypical spores with a markedly pointed posterior pole and only 6-10 surface ridges are present in plasmodia together with typical spores. Both small subunit (SSU) and large subunit (LSU) rRNA gene sequences possess extremely long GU-rich inserts. In all SSU and LSU rDNA-based phylogenetic analyses, C. careni clustered as a distinct basal branch to the Myxobolus+Myxidium lieberkuehni clade, out of the marine Chloromyxum clade containing Chloromyxum leydigi, the type species of the genus. These morphological and phylogenetic data suggest erection of a new genus for the C. careni lineage, but we conservatively treat it as a Chloromyxum sensu lato until more information is available.     

Austro-boreal disjunctions: a remarkable biogeographical pattern illustrated by Nan Ao Island, Guangdong, China

Aim To document disjunct, insular populations of animals separated from similar conspecifics distributed to the north, inland and upland, and compare this pattern with that historically described for northern Florida and the Florida Keys islands. Location Nan Ao Island is on the Tropic of Cancer 117° E in the South China Sea, eastern Guangdong Province, China. There are archipelagos of islets extending south‐east, and several coastal islets around Nan Ao. Methods Five field surveys were made in 1999–2001. Voucher specimens were tagged, catalogued, and deposited in major museum collections. The comparable Floridian disjunct pattern was researched and described in overview. Results Five species – a toad, two lizards and two snakes – collected on Nan Ao and three satellite islands were added to the two previously documented species – a lizard and a snake – that fit the austro‐boreal disjunct pattern. One lizard and one snake are minor range extensions of a hundred or few km. One snake's Nan Ao population is disjunct by about 450 km and one lizard's by about 550 km. The small, semi‐fossorial, short‐legged toad is the most notable, separated from the main area of its range by about 800 km. This is similar to the greatest distance between north Floridian and Keys disjunct populations. Main conclusions (1) Seven Nan Ao species of terrestrial vertebrates are isolated and disjunct from conspecifics found to the north, upland and inland; this compares to five species showing a similar north Florida to Florida Keys pattern. (2) The Nan Ao species have no conspecifics known from the intervening area whereas four of the five Floridian species have conspecific, but dissimilar, populations in the gap. (3) Nan Ao and its satellite islets were high points on a large coastal plain at glacial maximum. (4) Holocene sea level rise and concomitant global warming may have isolated the Nan Ao relicts that had continuous distributions at glacial maximum. (5) The intervening mainland conspecific populations may have been replaced by tropical species that moved north along the mainland but failed to colonize the islands. (6) If so, significant adaptation to a warmer climate must have occurred to enable survival of the Nan Ao relicts to the present.     

中国角蟾属一新种(两栖纲:锄足蟾科)

采自贵州省水城县凤凰乡的一种大形角蟾,因其外部形态与角蟾属Ｍｅｇｏｐｈｒｙｓ已知种有一些特异之处,尤其是鼓膜显露;上颌内缘无栉齿状突;头后部有由痣粒组成的“Ｖ”形棕褐色斑;背部痣纹呈“＊”形;有犁骨棱;雄性无声囊等特征与大花角蟾Ｍ．ｇｉｇａｎｔｉｃａ明显不同。据此认为该角蟾为一新种,定名水城角蟾Ｍｅｇｏｐｈｒｙｓ ｓｈｕｉｃｈｅｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ Ｔｉａｎ,Ｇｕ ｅｔ Ｓｕｎ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。     

云南省发现藏南角蟾及其蝌蚪描述

2019年9月开展第二次青藏高原科学考察时,在云南省贡山县独龙江乡采集到一系列角蟾属标本。基于线粒体16S rRNA及COI基因序列的分子系统学分析和形态特征比较结果将其鉴定为藏南角蟾（Megophrys periosa）,为云南省分布新记录种。本文还首次描述了该物种的蝌蚪形态特征。     

中国锄足蟾科角蟾属二新种的描述：（两栖纲：无尾目）

1975年和1987年分别在湖南宜章和云南景东采到角蟾属Megophrys标本2种。经与角蟾属已知种对比,特别是与相近种白颌大角蟾M.lateralis(Anderson)在外部形态和头骨特征方面的深入研究,其差异明显,被确定为2新种,即莽山角螗M.mangshanensis和腺角蟾M.glandulosa。本文对2新种的形态和生态资料作了记述。     

湖北省两栖动物新纪录——尾突角蟾

2003年7月,在湖北后河国家级自然保护区采集到一批两栖动物标本,经鉴定其中一只为尾突角蟾(Megophrys caudoprocta),系湖北省新纪录种,分类上隶属于两栖纲无尾目角蟾科角蟾属。