地龙药原动物探讨

地龙是一种中药材,地龙的药原动物为蚯蚓,即环节动物门寡毛纲后孔目动物。此类动物有数千种之多,地龙的药原动物仅为这些动物中的数种陆生种类。在《中华人民共和国药典》和民间对地龙的药原动物的认定存在一定的差异。地龙的药原动物之间,以及药原动物与其他蚯蚓间在化学成分上存在差异。为此,本文对地龙的药原动物进行考证,并对蚯蚓的分类鉴定指标进行讨论,为地龙正伪品的鉴别提供参考依据。认为在定义地龙药原动物的过程中,综合考虑药效、化学成分、产地、药农的采集习惯等因素,有益于地龙药原动物的准确认定。     

Ancyronyx Erichson, 1847 (Coleoptera,Elmidae) from Mindoro,Philippines, with description of the larvae and two new species using DNA sequences for the assignment of the developmental stages

Ancyronyx buhid sp. n. and Ancyronyx tamaraw sp. n. are described based on adults and larvae, matched using their cox1 or cob DNA sequence data. Additional records of Ancyronyx schillhammeri Jäch, 1994 and Ancyronyx minerva Freitag & Jäch, 2007 from Mindoro are listed. The previously unknown larva of Ancyronyx schillhammeri is also described here, aided by cox1 data. The new species and larval stages are described in detail and illustrated by SEM and stacked microscopic images. Keys to the adult and larval Ancyronyx species of Mindoro and an updated checklist of Philippine Ancyronyx species are provided. The usefulness as bioindicators, the phylogenetic relationships and biogeographic aspects affecting the distribution patterns are briefly discussed.