酸中毒条件下脓毒性休克大鼠胸主动脉对多巴胺反应性的变化

目的:观察不同酸中毒条件下正常大鼠和脓毒性休克大鼠胸主动脉对多巴胺反应性的变化。方法:采用离体血管灌流方法,观察对照组和脓毒性休克组大鼠胸主动脉在不同pH条件下的反应性变化。结果:pH值依次降低,对照组及脓毒性休克组离体胸主动脉对多巴胺反应性均下降,在相同pH值条件下脓毒性休克组比对照组离体血管对多巴胺反应性下降更为明显。结论:①环境pH值的下降会导致正常大鼠和脓毒性休克大鼠离体动脉对多巴胺反应性的下降。②在相同的酸性环境中脓毒性休克大鼠的血管对多巴胺刺激的反应性更差,更易失去活性。     

Petersen and removal population size estimates: combining methods to adjust and interpret results when assumptions are violated

Synopsis We present ways to test the assumptions of the Petersen and removal methods of population size estimation and ways to adjust the estimates if violations of the assumptions are found. We were motivated by the facts that (1) results of using both methods are commonly reported without any reference to the testing of assumptions, (2) violations of the assumptions are more likely to occur than not to occur in natural populations, and (3) the estimates can be grossly in error if assumptions are violated. We recognize that in many cases two days in the field is the most time fish biologists can spend in obtaining a population estimate, so the use of alternative models of population estimation that require fewer assumptions is precluded. Hence, for biologists operating with these constraints and only these biologists, we describe and recommend a two-day technique that combines aspects of both capture-recapture and removal methods. We indicate how to test: most of the assumptions of both methods and how to adjust the population estimates obtained if violations of the assumptions occur. We also illustrate the use of this combined method with data from a field study. The results of this application further emphasize the importance of testing the assumptions of whatever method is used and making appropriate adjustments to the population size estimates for any violations identified.     

Transplantation of neurons reveals processing areas and rules for synaptic connectivity in the cricket nervous system

In order to assess the nature of spatial cues in determining the characteristic projection sites of sensory neurons in the CNS, we have transplanted sensory neurons of the cricket Acheta domesticus to ectopic locations. Thoracic campaniform sensilla (CS) function as proprioceptors and project to an intermediate layer of neuropil in thoracic ganglia while cercal CS transduce tactile information and project into a ventral layer in the terminal abdominal ganglion (TAG). When transplanted to ectopic locations, these afferents retain their modality-specific projection in the host ganglion and terminate in the layer of neuropil homologous to that of their ganglion of origin. Thus, thoracic CS neurons project to intermediate neuropil when transplanted to the abdomen and cercal CS neurons project to a ventral layer of neuropil when transplanted to the thorax. We conclude that CS can be separated into two classes based on their characteristic axonal projections within each segmental ganglion. We also found that the sensory neurons innervating tactile hairs project to ventral neuropil in any ganglion they encounter after transplantation. Ectopic sensory neurons can form functional synaptic connections with identified interneurons located within the host ganglia. The new contacts formed by these ectopic sensory neurons can be with normal targets, which arborize within the same layer of neuropil in each segmental ganglion, or with novel targets, which lack dendrites in the normal ganglion and are thus normally unavailable for synaptogenesis. These observations suggest that a limited set of molecular markers are utilized for cell–cell recognition in each segmentally homologous ganglion. Regenerating sensory neurons can recognize novel postsynaptic neurons if they have dendrites in the appropriate layer of neuropil. We suggest that spatial constraints produced by the segmentation and the modality-specific layering of the nervous system have a pivotal role in determining synaptic specificity. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Assessing the impact of ozone on photosynthesis of European beech (Fergus sylvatica L.) in environmental chambers

An exposure — response study with proportionalto-ambient ozone levels was conducted in closed chambers on 3-year-old European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) of montane origin. The fumigation started in April 1990 and lasted for a single growing season. Climate data and ozone concentrations monitored at an experimental station of the Institute for Applied Plant Biology, Schönenbuch, Switzerland were simulated in the exposure chambers 12 days later (1*O₃). To test exposure-response relations three additional treatments were applied, subambient (0.2*O₃) and two proportionally increased ozone treatments (1.5*O₃ and 2*O₃). The photosynthetic behaviour of the trees in August revealed the light reactions to be less affected than parameters which are related to the dark reactions of photosynthesis. Assimilation (A₃₅₀), apparent carboxylation efficiency (CE), and maximum photosynthetic capacity (A₂₅₀₀) were reduced with increasing ozone concentration. For the ozone response of CE and A₂₅₀₀ Critical Levels were calculated.     

An ostracod-based calibration function for electrical conductivity reconstruction in lacustrine environments in Patagonia,Southern South America

In the Patagonian region (∼37–56°S) E of the Andes, the salinity and solute composition of lakes is strongly related to their location along the marked W-E decreasing precipitation gradient that is one of the main climatic features of the area. A calibration function (n = 34) based on 12 ostracod species (Ostracoda, Crustacea) was developed by WA-PLS to quantitatively reconstruct electrical conductivity (EC) values as a salinity proxy. The selected one component model had a r² = 0.74 and RMSEP and maximum bias equal to 16% and 31% of the sampled range, respectively, comparable to other published ostracod-based calibration functions. This model was applied to the ostracod record of the closed lake Laguna Cháltel (49°58′S, 71°07′W), comprising seven species and dominated by two species of the genus Limnocythere. In order to evaluate the calibration function’s robustness, the obtained EC values were compared with qualitative lake level and salinity variations inferred through a multiproxy hydrological reconstruction of the lake. Both reconstructions show good overall agreement, with reconstructed EC values in the oligo-mesohaline range (average: 11 060 ± 680 μS/cm) between 4570 and 3190 cal BP, corresponding to the ephemeral and shallow lake phases, and a marked decrease in EC concurrent with a lake level rise, reaching an average EC of 1140 ± 90 μS/cm during the deep lake phase (1720 cal BP to present). The variability in the reconstructed EC values for the ephemeral lake phase showed some inconsistency with the expected trend, which was attributed to time-averaging effects; for its part, the pace of the decrease in EC during the medium-depth phase (3190–1720 cal BP) differed from the expected, which could be due to autigenic effects (redissolution of salts) at the onset of this phase. This comparison not only lends support to the adequacy of the calibration function, but also suggests that its application in the context of a multiproxy study can greatly contribute to distinguish between autigenic and climatic-related controls of paleosalinity in closed lakes, allowing performing more accurate paleoenvironmental inferences on the basis of paleohydrological reconstructions.     

不同经皮克氏针内固定术治疗儿童GartlandⅡ、Ⅲ型肱骨髁上骨折疗效对比的回顾性分析

摘要 目的：对比不同经皮克氏针内固定术治疗GartlandⅡ、Ⅲ型肱骨髁上骨折患儿的治疗效果。方法：回顾性分析2017年3月~2020年3月期间我院收治的90例GartlandⅡ、Ⅲ型肱骨髁上骨折患儿的临床资料,根据治疗方式的不同,将患儿分为A组47例（采用切开复位经皮克氏针内固定术治疗）和B组43例（采用闭合复位经皮克氏针内固定术治疗）。观察两组疗效情况、围术期指标情况及并发症发生率。结果：A组、B组的优良率组间对比无统计学差异（P>0.05）。B组的手术时间、骨折愈合时间、住院时间均短于A组,术中失血量少于A组,组间对比差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。两组术后并发症发生率比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论：GartlandⅡ、Ⅲ型肱骨髁上骨折患儿采用闭合复位或切开复位经皮克氏针内固定术均可获得良好的手术效果,其中闭合复位在缩短手术时间、骨折愈合时间、住院时间和减少术中失血量方面更具备优势。     

切开与闭合复位空心钉内固定对移位股骨颈骨折患者骨折复位质量和髋关节功能的影响

摘要 目的：探讨切开与闭合复位空心钉内固定对移位股骨颈骨折患者骨折复位质量和髋关节功能的影响。方法：本研究为回顾性研究,选取98例移位股骨颈骨折患者的临床资料,根据手术方式的不同将患者分为A组（n=50,切开复位）和B组（n=48,闭合复位）,比较两组患者优良率、骨折复位质量、髋关节功能、围术期指标、术后并发症发生率和二次手术发生率。结果：A组患者术后6个月的优良率为78.00%（39/50）,高于B组的58.33%（28/48）（P<0.05）。两组术后负重下地时间、术中透视时间比较无差异（P>0.05）;B组手术时间、住院时间短于A组,术中出血量少于A组（P<0.05）。两组患者术后1个月、术后3个月、术后6个月髋关节功能Harris评分均较术前升高,且A组高于B组（P<0.05）。两组二次手术及并发症发生率比较无差异（P>0.05）。A组Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型的例数均多于B组,Ⅲ型例数少于B组（P<0.05）。结论：与闭合复位空心钉内固定相比,切开复位空心钉内固定虽损伤较大,但其术后骨折复位质量和髋关节功能改善效果更佳,且不增加并发症发生率和二次手术发生率。