人工饲养鳄蜥的潜水行为及影响因素

性能是有机体完成某些生态相关任务的定量指标,自愿潜水的最长潜水持续时长是量化潜水性能的重要指标。鳄蜥（Shinisaurus crocodilurus）作为一种濒危的半水生蜥蜴,常将潜水行为作为避敌策略。2021年7至8月,人为干扰（不直接触碰）广西大桂山鳄蜥国家级自然保护区人工饲养的鳄蜥,摄像记录其相应的潜水行为,利用Pearson相关分析、单因素方差分析、一般线性模型、一元线性回归及逐步回归5种方法分析了25只亚成体、19只成体雌性、17只成体雄性共61只人工饲养鳄蜥的潜水行为及影响因素。结果表明,人工饲养鳄蜥的潜水行为具有可重复性。不同性别和年龄的人工饲养鳄蜥的最长潜水持续时长没有差异,人工饲养鳄蜥潜水时的行为不影响其最长潜水持续时长,温度也不影响人工饲养鳄蜥的最长潜水持续时长。人工饲养鳄蜥的最长潜水持续时长与尾长、尾部体积呈负相关,与尾部损失呈正相关。本研究结果表明,人工饲养鳄蜥的潜水性能受到尾部特征的影响,潜水性能和游泳性能之间可能发生了权衡。     

A comparative genetic study of two groups of chukar partridges (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Alectoris chukar</Emphasis>) from Cyprus and Argentina,using microsatellite analysis

The aim of the present work is to estimate the usefulness of microsatellite genetic markers analysis to characterize and analyze the possible differences between a captive reared population and a wild one from the same species. The first sample consists of 27 chukar partridges (Alectoris chukar) bred in one farm in Argentina. The second one is composed of 31 chukar partridges coming from a wild Cyprus population (A. chukar cypriotes). We analyzed seven microsatellite loci: MCW135, MCW225, MCW276, MCW280, MCW295, LEI31, and ADL0142. The Argentina group showed higher genetic variation than the Cyprus did. Significant global F _IS value was found in the Argentina sample. Significant genetic differentiation exists between both groups (F _ST=0.394; p<0.01). The Argentina group did not show any signs of bottleneck. Results from Factorial Correspondence Analysis (FCA) suggest that the 58 partridges could be split into two distinct genetic clusters (Cyprus and Argentina). Nevertheless, in the light of PARTITION results, three Argentina individuals might be related to Cyprus. STRUCTURE is unable to assign these three animals to any of the two groups. This could be due to a single or repeated introduction of external individuals into the original Argentina group, so that these results would point to more than one origin for this population. This admixture of individuals could explain the high genetic variation observed in the Argentina farm. Global F _IS value would probably be higher without these immigrations; on the other hand, these admixtures could have prevented bottlenecks.