首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 93 毫秒
1.
2005年7~10月我们将人工饲养鳄蜥(3条幼蜥、1条亚成蜥、5条成蜥)置于半放归栖息地进行圈养.半放归栖息地结合野外鳄蜥的生境,在半自然圈养过程中对鳄蜥进行分组管理,人工饲养的鳄蜥出现了野外鳄蜥的种群活动节律.结果表明:9月幼蜥树栖达10.38%,10月鳄蜥以在穴为主;不同年龄的鳄蜥,各种行为的时间分配无显著差异(P>0.05),体现了野生鳄蜥遗传特征.本文还对鳄蜥的疾病防治进行了初步探讨.  相似文献   

2.
人工繁育是濒危物种保护的重要手段,但是也会改变物种的表型。为了探究人工繁育对于鳄蜥(Shinisaurus crocodilurus)形态和健康状况的影响,本研究比较了人工繁育鳄蜥与野外鳄蜥新生幼体及亚成体形态特征与细菌感染率。结果发现,人工繁育鳄蜥与野外鳄蜥的新生幼体体型无显著差异,而人工繁育鳄蜥亚成体体型显著大于野外鳄蜥;两个年龄段的人工繁育鳄蜥断尾率均显著低于野外鳄蜥;人工繁育鳄蜥亚成体细菌感染率最高,但是各年龄组种群间的差异不显著。本研究表明,人工环境促进了鳄蜥的生长,减少了鳄蜥被捕食的风险,但有增加鳄蜥感染疾病的可能性,因此在鳄蜥的饲养管理中需要加强疾病防治。  相似文献   

3.
韩洪应 《四川动物》1997,16(3):136-136
腹泻是人工饲养大熊猫消化系统疾病中常见的临床症状。笔者所遇一只成体大熊猫呈慢性顽固性腹泻,常规治疗方法均未见效,最后使用调痢生(8501)治疗,收到显著疗效。报告如下。1病史及临床表现中国保护大熊猫研究中心人工饲养的一只13岁雄性大熊猫“乐乐”,体格强壮,被毛光  相似文献   

4.
目的:探讨模拟100 m氦氮氧(Trimix)常规潜水对家兔氧化应激和炎性反应的影响。方法:空白组家兔8只,模拟100 m Trimix;常规潜水组家兔8只。模拟潜水按照Haldane理论计算所得的水下阶段减压表减压。Elisa法检测家兔模拟潜水前、后血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、丙二醛(MDA)和过氧化脂质(LPO)等氧化/抗氧化指标的变化。同样采用Elisa法检测空白组和潜水组家兔肺、脑组织γ干扰素(IFN-γ)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素6(IL-6)、白介素8(IL-8)、髓过氧化物酶活力(MPO)和基质金属蛋白酶9(MMP-9)等炎性因子的表达,并比较组织湿干比(Wet/Dry ratio)。结果:家兔潜水后SOD和GSH活性明显降低(P<0.01),CAT、MDA和LPO含量明显升高(P<0.01);潜水组家兔肺、脑组织中IL-8、IL-6、IFN-γ、TNF-α、MMP-9和MPO的表达均较空白组显著升高(P<0.05,P<0.01);潜水组家兔肺、脑组织湿干比与空白组差异不显著。结论:模拟100 m Trimix常规潜水对家兔氧化应激和炎性反应有显著影响。  相似文献   

5.
广西桂平市鳄蜥种群及栖息地现状的分析研究   总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2  
2004年7月,对广西桂平市鳄蜥种群及其栖息地进行了调查,并首次采用量化指标对鳄蜥栖息的回水塘进行了分析。结果表明:桂平市鳄蜥分布区已破碎成白沙坑、牛头坳和黄凉冲、大藤峡碧滩段三个片段,分布区面积从58.39km^2减小至16.14km^2。鳄蜥种群数量约为150只。通过主成分分析发现,鳄蜥栖息回水塘的长度、宽度、水深、塘底组成、水温、栖枝类型和栖枝高度是影响鳄蜥选择回水塘的主要因子,而海拔、栖枝直径、水流速度的影响不大。鳄蜥倾向栖息于常绿阔叶林生境中,对溪沟的坡向和沟型选择不明显。  相似文献   

6.
夏秋两季饲养条件下扬子鳄的行为谱和活动节律初步研究   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
2003年夏秋两季(7-11月间),采用扫描取样法和目标动物取样法,对饲养条件下扬子鳄的个体行为和活动 节律进行了研究。结果表明:夏秋两季饲养条件下扬子鳄的个体行为主要包括休息行为(水中休息、陆地休息、晒 太阳、挠痒、打哈欠、伸懒腰);运动行为(游泳、潜水、爬行、摆尾);摄食行为(摄食、漱口);冲突行为(打斗、对视);嬉 戏行为(嬉戏、堆积);吼叫行为;排泄行为等。 夏季,扬子鳄休息行为的时间最多,日变化规律显示:早晨6:00-7:00为休息高峰期;下午12:30-13:30为潜 水高峰期。秋季,用于晒太阳的时间最多,秋季早晨6:00-7:30为潜水高峰期,且一天中扬于鳄晒太阳活动出现三 次高峰即10:30-11:00,13:30-14:00,16:30-17:00。统计结果表明,夏秋两季潜水、晒太阳和休息3种个体行为差 异性较为显著。在30℃-36℃之间,扬子鳄潜水时间和温度之间呈线性关系。研究结果同时表明,长期人工饲养 对扬子鳄的某些弹性行为如摄食行为等产生了较大影响。在行为描述的基础上,对扬子鳄的有关行为机制进行了 探讨。而影响扬子鳄行为表达的生物因素主要包括年龄和食物资源;非生物因素主要包括空间和生境等。  相似文献   

7.
洗胃法在鳄蜥食性研究中的应用   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为了研究洗胃法是否适用于鳄蜥(Shinisaurus crocodilurus)的食性研究,2006年8~9月我们在广东罗坑省级自然保护区,通过投喂食物,然后再冲洗的方法来检验洗胃法的冲洗效果。结果显示洗胃法对成体和亚成体鳄蜥的总洗出率均高于99.30%,食物个体数的洗出率均高于90.83%,投喂的12种食物都能被洗出。观察发现洗胃之后,对鳄蜥的正常生活没有影响。鳄蜥吃进的实验食物中,未洗出的食物大小与鳄蜥的体长、头宽、体重不相关;食物的洗出效率与鳄蜥的体长、头宽、体重不相关。成体、亚成体洗出和未洗出的食物大小均存在显著差异。未被洗出的食物个体在12种食物中不是随机分布的,体积大的食物比体积小的食物容易被洗出。研究表明,洗胃法适用于鳄蜥的食性研究,并且效果较好。  相似文献   

8.
探讨鳄蜥(Shinisaurus crocodilurus)的体温调节和静止代谢率及其热依赖性特征,测定了在自然和实验室条件下的环境温度、鳄蜥体温以及静止代谢率(RMR)等热生物学指标。结果显示:在自然条件下,鳄蜥的野外活动体温(Th)稍高于基质温度(Tc)和空气温度(Td)并与后二者呈正相关关系(Tb=11.65+0.47Tc,r^2=0.34,F1.75=39.11,P〈0.0001;Tb=11.61+0.46Td,r^2=0.56,F1.75=96.56,P〈0.0001)。鳄蜥在野外的活动体温存在明显的月份间差异,但无性别及年龄上的差异。环境温度为15℃-30℃的实验条件下,鳄蜥的静止体温(Tb)与环境温度(Ta)呈正相关关系:Tb=12.450+0.5641Ta(F1.110=11.34,r^2=0.997,P〈0.001);在缺乏温度梯度的环境中,尽管鳄蜥的体温、空气温度和基质温度都有显著的昼夜差异,但体温、空气温度和基质温度的日平均温度之间无显著差异。鳄蜥的RMR不存在雌雄个体间的差异,并与环境温度呈正相关关系。分析显示鳄蜥的体温既有行为调节也有生理调节,其体温调节及RMR符合变温动物的热生物学特征,但是相对于其他活动较多的蜥蜴而言,鳄蜥的生理调节能力较强,这可能与其活动时间分配中静栖占绝大部分的行为特点是相适应的[动物学报54(6):964-971,2008]。  相似文献   

9.
鳄蜥的食物识别机制   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
鳄蜥(Shinisaurus crocodilurus)食物识别机制的研究,对进一步了解鳄蜥的捕食行为和生态学习性有重要意义。使用棉棒分别沾上去离子水、香水、黄粉虫(Tenebriomolitor L.)和蚯蚓(Pheretima sp.)的气味(蚯蚓和黄粉虫处死后绞碎以便于棉花棒蘸上),观察11只鳄蜥对4种化学刺激的反应,每个个体对每种刺激均进行24次实验重复。实验结果显示:鳄蜥对4种刺激均有反应,对黄粉虫和蚯蚓刺激的舔舌次数显著高于香水和去离子水的舔舌次数(Wilcoxon test,所有P<0.001),表明鳄蜥能检测以及识别控制刺激和食物刺激。再又对鳄蜥进行4种处理实验:(A)空白对照;(B)蚯蚓气味;(C)密封着的活蚯蚓;(D)活蚯蚓。每个个体每种处理均进行5次实验。结果显示:鳄蜥在不同处理下的行为持续时间、探究频次和攻击频次有显著差异(Friedman test,所有P<0.001)。鳄蜥在仅有视觉刺激出现的处理C以及既有化学刺激又有视觉刺激的处理D比仅有化学刺激的处理B在持续时间、探究频次和攻击频次上显著要高(所有P<0.001)。在无视觉刺激的条件下,鳄蜥在处理B的行为持续时间以及探究频次均显著高于处理A 的(所有P<0.001);而在视觉信息相同的条件下,鳄蜥在处理D中仅行为持续时间显著高于处理C(Z=3.95, P<0.001),而探究频次以及攻击频次无显著差异(前者Z=1.53, P=0.13;后者Z=1.10, P=0.27)。结果表明鳄蜥主要利用视觉捕食,化学感觉有辅助作用。鳄蜥这种食物识别机制可能与捕食模式和种系发生有关,也可能受食物的影响。  相似文献   

10.
鳄蜥(Shinisaurus crocodilurus)主要捕食部分昆虫、蜘蛛、蚯蚓、小型蛙类和小鱼等,但尚未见报道鳄蜥捕食其他相对较大的动物。本文报道了鳄蜥捕食变色树蜥(Calotesversicolor)和翠青蛇(Cyclophiopsmajor)的现象,以全事件记录法观察分析了鳄蜥猎捕这两种爬行动物的行为过程。这次新发现说明鳄蜥食谱较广,具有捕食蜥蜴等个体偏大动物的能力。因此,我们建议在饲养繁育中投喂更多类型的食物以避免营养不良。  相似文献   

11.
Knowledge of the diving behaviour of aquatic animals expanded considerably with the invention of time-depth recorders (TDRs) in the 1960s. The large volume of data acquired from TDRs can be analyzed using dive analysis software, however, the application of the software has received relatively little attention. We present an empirical procedure to select optimum values that are critical to obtaining reliable results: the zero-offset correction (ZOC) and the dive threshold. We used dive data from shallow-diving coastal dugongs (Dugong dugon) and visual observations from an independent study to develop and test a procedure that minimizes errors in characterizing dives. We initially corrected the surface level using custom software. We then determined the optimum values for each parameter by classifying dives identified by an open-source dive analysis software into Plausible and Implausible dives based on the duration of dives. The Plausible dives were further classified as Unrecognized dives if they were not identified by the software but were of realistic dive duration. The comparison of these dive types indicated that a ZOC of 1 m and a dive threshold of 0.75 m were the optimum values for our dugong data as they gave the largest number of Plausible dives and smaller numbers of other dive types. Frequency distributions of dive durations from TDRs and independent visual observations supported the selection. Our procedure could be applied to other shallow-diving animals such as coastal dolphins and turtles.  相似文献   

12.
The diving behaviour of 15 dugongs (Dugong dugon) was documented using time-depth recorders (TDRs), which logged a total of 39,507 dives. The TDRs were deployed on dugongs caught at three study sites in northern Australia: Shark Bay, the Gulf of Carpentaria and Shoalwater Bay. The average time for which the dive data were collected per dugong was 10.4±1.1 (S.E.) days. Overall, these dugongs spent 47% of their daily activities within 1.5 m of the sea surface and 72% less than 3 m from the sea surface. Their mean maximum dive depth was 4.8±0.4 m (S.E.), mean dive duration was 2.7±0.17 min and the number of dives per hour averaged 11.8±1.2. The maximum dive depth recorded was 20.5 m; the maximum dive time in water >1.5 m deep was 12.3 min. The effects of dugong sex, location (study site), time of day and tidal cycle on diving rates (dives per hour), mean maximum dive depths, durations of dives, and time spent ≤1.5 m from the surface were investigated using weighted split-plot analysis of variance. The dugongs exhibited substantial interindividual variation in all dive parameters. The interaction between location and time of day was significant for diving rates, mean maximum dive depths and time spent within 1.5 m of the surface. In all these cases, there was substantial variation among individuals within locations among times of day. Thus, it was the variation among individuals that dominated all other effects. Dives were categorised into five types based on the shape of the time-depth profile. Of these, 67% of dives were interpreted as feeding dives (square and U-shaped), 8% as exploratory dives (V-shaped), 22% as travelling dives (shallow-erratic) and 3% as shallow resting dives. There was systematic variation in the distribution of dive types among the factors examined. Most of this variation was among individuals, but this differed across both time of day and tidal state. Not surprisingly, there was a positive relationship between dive duration and depth and a negative relationship between the number of dives per hour and the time spent within 1.5 m of the surface after a dive.  相似文献   

13.
Bradycardia is an important component of the dive response, yet little is known about this response in immature marine mammals. To determine if diving bradycardia improves with age, cardiac patterns from trained immature and mature bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) were recorded during three conditions (stationary respiration, voluntary breath-hold, and shallow diving). Maximum (mean: 117±1 beats·min–1) and resting (mean: 101±5 beats·min–1) heart rate (HR) at the water surface were similar regardless of age. All dolphins lowered HR in response to apnea; mean steady state breath-hold HR was not correlated with age. However, the ability to reduce HR while diving improved with age. Minimum and mean steady state HR during diving were highest for calves. For example, 1.5–3.5-year-old calves had significantly higher mean steady state diving HR (51±1 beats·min–1) than 3.5–5.5-year-old juveniles (44±1 beats·min–1). As a result, older dolphins demonstrated greater overall reductions in HR during diving. Longitudinal studies concur; the ability to reduce HR improved as individual calves matured. Thus, although newly weaned calves as young as 1.7 years exhibit elements of cardiac control, the capacity to reduce HR while diving improves with maturation up to 3.5 years postpartum. Limited ability for bradycardia may partially explain the short dive durations observed for immature marine mammals.Abbreviations ADL aerobic dive limit - cADL calculated aerobic dive limit - ECG electrocardiogram - HR heart rate - TDR time–depth recorder Communicated by L.C.-H. Wang  相似文献   

14.
Diving animals must endeavor to increase their dive depths and prolong the time they spend exploiting resources at depth. Results from captive and wild studies suggest that many diving animals extend their foraging bouts by decreasing their metabolisms while submerged. We measured metabolic rates of Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) trained to dive to depth in the open ocean to investigate the relationships between diving behaviour and the energetic costs of diving. We also constructed a general linear model to predict the oxygen consumption of sea lions diving in the wild. The resultant model suggests that swimming distance and depth of dives significantly influence the oxygen consumption of diving Steller sea lions. The predictive power of the model was tested using a cross-validation approach, whereby models reconstructed using data from pairs of sea lions were found to accurately predict the oxygen consumption of the third diving animal. Predicted oxygen consumption during dives to depth ranged from 3.37 L min− 1 at 10 m, to 1.40 L min− 1 at 300 m over a standardized swimming distance of 600 m. This equated to an estimated metabolic rate of 97.54 and 40.52 MJ day− 1, and an estimated daily feeding requirement of 18.92 and 7.96 kg day− 1 for dives between 10 and 300 m, respectively. The model thereby provides information on the potential energetic consequences that alterations in foraging strategies due to changes in prey availability could have on wild populations of sea lions.  相似文献   

15.
A thorough and quantified method for classifying seabird diving behaviour   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Time-depth recorders are commonly deployed on diving animals to obtain information on their aquatic behaviour. The recorded data provide a 2D profile of diving activity. As analyses of diving behaviour from such profiles have become more complex, these analyses have often suffered from a lack of consistency and rigour. There is a growing need for a simple, comparative method to classify diving behaviour thoroughly and quantitatively. Here, a new approach to the classification of the dive profiles of penguins is described, which probably has applicability for many other diving predators as well. This simple approach uses a small, coherent set of criteria to classify behaviours in a detailed and quantified manner, and with relative objectivity. Classification of diving behaviour is possible from the temporal scale of a wiggle within a dive to the scale of a bout of dives. The new method will make comparisons between species easier and clearer because these comparisons will be undertaken within a consistent, more objective framework.  相似文献   

16.
We collected simultaneous dive Time Depth Recorder (TDR) data and video images from free swimming adult female leatherback turtles, Dermochelys coriacea, during the first 24 h after nesting on the beach, in order to determine relationships between dive parameters, activity, overall respiratory frequency and behaviour.We identified three different underwater locomotory activities (subsurface swimming, V-shaped dives and U-shaped dives) from video and TDR data that varied in their mean depth, duration and a number of other parameters. Overall respiratory frequency (overall fR) was significantly different between all locomotory activities, with turtles taking 1.7±0.1 breaths min−1 while subsurface swimming, 0.78 breaths min−1 after V-shaped dives and 0.57 breaths min−1 after U-shaped dives. Descent rates and ascent rates were significantly faster in U-shaped dives (descent 0.19±0.010 m s−1, ascent 0.28±0.015 m s−1) than in V-shaped dives (descent 0.10±0.008 m s−1, ascent 0.12±0.012 m s−1). Flipper stroke rates were significantly lower during the bottom component of U-shaped dives (0.18±0.02 strokes s−1) than during the descent (0.29±0.03 strokes s−1) or ascent (0.29±0.03 strokes s−1). From overall fR and flipper stroke rate data, we inferred that turtles used less energy during U-shaped dives than the other activity types. We recorded interactions between male turtles and the study females that lasted up to 11 min, during which male turtles displayed the characteristic courtship behaviour of sea turtles. It appeared that females attempted to avoid males by aborting ascent and extending dive duration to swim to the sea floor when males were present.  相似文献   

17.
Swimming behaviour and dispersal patterns were studied in headstarted loggerhead turtles Caretta caretta which were released at three different sites on the Caribbean island of Curaçao (Netherlands Antilles) and at one site on the neighbouring island of Klein Curaçao, after 1–2.5 yrs of captivity. Turtles were tagged and followed up to a distance of 6125 m offshore, using a boat with a Global Positioning Unit. The released turtles reverted to typical hatchling behaviour and showed an offshore migration almost perpendicular to the coastline. No significant differences were found in directional swimming among the four sites. The turtles swam almost continuously about 30 cm under the water surface; their mean overall swimming speed was higher than in adult wild loggerheads suggesting a 'frenzy'-like swimming stage. The turtles exhibited diving behaviour, and the dive frequency and duration was comparable to that of similar-sized (wild) turtles. The present study demonstrates that upon release the headstarted loggerheads behave naturally and show dispersal patterns similar to wild hatchling turtles. The fact that the released turtles were still able to show offshore directional swimming suggests that the headstarting did not affect their short-term orientation abilities.  相似文献   

18.
Understanding animal distributions and habitat utilisation is vital for the management of populations, especially those of endangered species. However, this information is not available for the majority of marine species and is difficult to obtain for those with low population densities. The common skate, Dipturus batis, was once abundant and widespread in the North-East Atlantic but is now thought to be locally extinct in the Irish Sea and in the central and southern North Sea, and is listed as Critically Endangered on the IUCN Red List. The constraints of skate body morphology on locomotory mode assume low levels of activity with long periods spent resting on the seabed, therefore predicting a high degree of site fidelity. To investigate this hypothesis we tagged 8 common skate (two male and six female, mass range: 10.9–63.5 kg) with depth and temperature-logging data storage tags off the west coast of Scotland in May 2008. All 6 tags attached to females were recovered after 1–9 months at liberty. All 6 individuals exhibited pronounced site fidelity to highly localised areas. Within these local areas however, time-depth profiles were dominated by periods of high activity, with vertical movements of > 100 m being conducted on a regular, sometimes daily, basis. Intra-individual plasticity was observed in vertical activity patterns with individuals switching between low and high activity patterns. Smaller skate were generally less active and occupied deeper depths. Limited short-term horizontal movements in preferred habitats supporting apparently high foraging activity highlights the need for spatial management of ‘refugial’ populations of this once widespread fish, that appears now largely extirpated from European waters.  相似文献   

19.
While olive ridley turtles (Lepidochelys olivacea) occur throughout tropical oceans their physiological ecology has been poorly documented. In May 2005, satellite-relayed data loggers (SRDLs) were attached during oviposition to four adult female olive ridley turtles on the Wessell Islands, northern Australia. Subsequent nesting haul-outs were determined for two of these turtles using a combination of movement and diving data. Internesting intervals were relatively long (27 and 18 days, respectively) for hard-shelled turtles given the warm (27–28 °C) water temperatures, possibly due to a low metabolic rate for this species. Turtles travelled considerable distances during the internesting interval (200 and 125 km respectively), possibly associated with a search for food or alternative nesting sites. Changes in dive behaviour suggest that olive ridleys prepare for oviposition by searching for an appropriate beach over several days.  相似文献   

20.
The diving behaviour of four leatherback turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) was recorded for periods of 0.5-8.1 months during their postnesting movements in the Indian and Atlantic Oceans, when they covered 1569-18,994 km. Dive data were obtained using satellite-linked transmitters which also provided information on the dive depths and profiles of the turtles. Turtles mainly dove to depths < 200 m, with maximum dive durations under 30-40 min and exhibited diel variations in their diving activity for most part of the routes, with dives being usually longer at night. Diurnal dives were in general quite short, but cases of very deep (> 900 m) and prolonged (> 70 min) dives were however recorded only during daytime. The three turtles that were tracked for the longest time showed a marked change in behaviour during the tracking, decreasing their dive durations and ceasing to dive deeply. Moreover, diel variations disappeared, with nocturnal dives becoming short and numerous. This change in turtle diving activity appeared to be related to water temperature, suggesting an influence of seasonal prey availability on their diving behaviour. The turtle diving activity was independent on the shape of their routes, with no changes between linear movements in the core of main currents or looping segments in presence of oceanic eddies.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号