Impact of High Deductible Health Plans on Diabetes Care Quality and Outcomes: Systematic Review

ObjectiveTo provide a review of the impact of high deductible health plans (HDHPs) on the utilizations of services required for optimal management of diabetes and subsequent health outcomes.MethodsSystematic literature review of studies published between January 1, 2000, and May 7, 2021, was conducted that examined the impact of HDHP on diabetes monitoring (eg, recommended laboratory and surveillance testing), routine care (eg, ambulatory appointments), medication management (eg, medication initiation, adherence), and acute health care utilization (eg, emergency department visits, hospitalizations, incident complications).ResultsOf the 303 reviewed articles, 8 were relevant. These studies demonstrated that HDHPs lower spending at the expense of reduced high-value diabetes monitoring, routine care, and medication adherence, potentially contributing to the observed increases in acute health care utilization. Additionally, patient out-of-pocket costs for recommended screenings doubled, and total health care expenditures increased by 49.4% for HDHP enrollees compared with enrollees in traditional health plans. Reductions in disease monitoring and routine care and increases in acute health care utilization were greatest in lower-income patients. None of the studies examined the impact of HDHPs on access to diabetes self-management education, technology use, or glycemic control.ConclusionAlthough HDHPs reduce some health care utilization and costs, they appear to do so at the expense of limiting high-value care and medication adherence. Policymakers, providers, and payers should be more cognizant of the potential for negative consequences of HDHPs on patients’ health.     

韧性城市研究综述——基于城市复杂系统视角

在全球气候变化与持续城市化的背景下,增强城市韧性是提升城市应急管理能力,实现城市系统可持续发展的重要途径。明确城市韧性的内涵、核心要素及相互作用机理,开展城市系统韧性测度与城市系统模拟,对提升变化环境下城市系统恢复力与韧性水平,缓解变化环境对城市系统运行稳定性冲击压力具有重要意义。基于文献与资料分析,全面解析韧性城市核心概念与各国韧性城市建设、管理与研究实践。此外,研究从城市复杂系统视角探究变化环境对城市系统影响机制、测度方法与系统模拟路径。研究为韧性城市理论、方法与实证研究提供了参考,并为我国韧性城市建设实践提供决策依据与政策建议。     

急诊危重孕产妇5分钟紧急剖宫产的临床效果及新生儿不良结局的危险因素分析

摘要 目的：探讨急诊危重孕产妇5分钟紧急剖宫产的临床效果,并分析新生儿不良结局的危险因素。方法：回顾性分析2018年1月~2022年6月在河北省儿童医院妇产科收治的急诊危重孕产妇139例的临床资料。根据急诊剖宫产流程分为对照组（n=68,常规紧急剖宫产流程下进行手术）及观察组（n=71,5分钟紧急剖宫产）。观察两组孕产妇的手术情况、手术反应时间、孕产妇并发症、新生儿不良结局发生率。采用多因素Logistic回归模型分析新生儿不良结局的危险因素。结果：两组住院时间、术中出血量、术中输血情况组间对比,未见统计学差异（P>0.05）。与对照组相比,观察组进手术室至手术开始时间、决定手术至胎儿娩出的时间间隔（DDI）、决定手术至进手术室时间、手术开始至胎儿娩出时间均更短,新生儿不良结局发生率、并发症发生率更低（P<0.05）。根据新生儿不良结局将孕产妇分为不良组（n=38）、良好组（n=101）。单因素分析结果显示：新生儿不良结局与受教育程度、新生儿体重、孕周、剖宫产类型、DDI、妊娠合并症、采用辅助生殖技术有关（P<0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,受教育程度为小学及其以下、新生儿体重偏低、剖宫产类型为I类剖宫产、孕周偏短、DDI偏长均是新生儿不良结局的危险因素（P<0.05）。结论：急诊危重孕产妇5分钟紧急剖宫产可缩短各项手术反应时间,降低孕产妇并发症和新生儿不良结局发生率。此外,新生儿不良结局的发生与受教育程度、新生儿体重、剖宫产类型、孕周、DDI等因素有关。     

Parallels,differences and lessons: a comparison of the management of foot-and-mouth disease and COVID-19 using UK 2001/2020 as points of reference

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an extremely infectious viral infection of cloven-hoofed animals which is highly challenging to control and can give rise to national animal health crises, especially if there is a lack of pre-existing immunity due to the emergence of new strains or following incursions into disease-free regions. The 2001 FMD epidemic in the UK was on a scale that initially overwhelmed the national veterinary services and was eventually controlled by livestock lockdown and slaughter on an unprecedented scale. In 2020, the rapid emergence of COVID-19 has led to a human pandemic unparalleled in living memory. The enormous logistics of multi-agency control efforts for COVID-19 are reminiscent of the 2001 FMD epidemic in the UK, as are the use of movement restrictions, not normally a feature of human disease control. The UK experience is internationally relevant as few countries have experienced national epidemic crises for both diseases. In this review, we reflect on the experiences and lessons learnt from UK and international responses to FMD and COVID-19 with respect to their management, including the challenge of preclinical viral transmission, threat awareness, early detection, different interpretations of scientific information, lockdown, biosecurity behaviour change, shortage of testing capacity and the choices for eradication versus living with infection. A major lesson is that the similarity of issues and critical resources needed to manage large-scale outbreaks demonstrates that there is benefit to a ‘One Health’ approach to preparedness, with potential for greater cooperation in planning and the consideration of shared critical resources.     

Prehospital Thrombolysis: A Manual from Berlin

In acute ischemic stroke, time from symptom onset to intervention is a decisive prognostic factor. In order to reduce this time, prehospital thrombolysis at the emergency site would be preferable. However, apart from neurological expertise and laboratory investigations a computed tomography (CT) scan is necessary to exclude hemorrhagic stroke prior to thrombolysis. Therefore, a specialized ambulance equipped with a CT scanner and point-of-care laboratory was designed and constructed. Further, a new stroke identifying interview algorithm was developed and implemented in the Berlin emergency medical services. Since February 2011 the identification of suspected stroke in the dispatch center of the Berlin Fire Brigade prompts the deployment of this ambulance, a stroke emergency mobile (STEMO). On arrival, a neurologist, experienced in stroke care and with additional training in emergency medicine, takes a neurological examination. If stroke is suspected a CT scan excludes intracranial hemorrhage. The CT-scans are telemetrically transmitted to the neuroradiologist on-call. If coagulation status of the patient is normal and patient''s medical history reveals no contraindication, prehospital thrombolysis is applied according to current guidelines (intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator, iv rtPA, alteplase, Actilyse).Thereafter patients are transported to the nearest hospital with a certified stroke unit for further treatment and assessment of strokeaetiology. After a pilot-phase, weeks were randomized into blocks either with or without STEMO care. Primary end-point of this study is time from alarm to the initiation of thrombolysis. We hypothesized that alarm-to-treatment time can be reduced by at least 20 min compared to regular care.     

Infection Status of Hydatid Cysts in Humans and Sheep in Uzbekistan

Uzbekistan is endemic of cystic echinococcosis (CE). In order to estimate endemicity of CE, we collected data from emergency surgery due to CE in 2002-2010 and also investigated the prevalence of hydatid cysts in the liver and lungs of sheep at an abattoir in Uzbekistan from July 2009 to June 2010. In 14 emergency hospitals, 8,014 patients received surgical removal or drainage of CE during 2002-2010, and 2,966 patients were found in 2010. A total of 22,959 sheep were grossly examined of their liver and lungs, and 479 (2.1%) and 340 (1.5%) of them were positive for the cyst in the liver and lungs, respectively. Echinococcus granulosus is actively transmitted both to humans and sheep, and CE is a zoonotic disease of public health priority in Uzbekistan.     

胺碘酮与普罗帕酮在快速性心律失常患者院前急救效果中的对比研究

摘要 目的：对比胺碘酮与普罗帕酮在快速性心律失常患者院前急救中的临床效果。方法：将石家庄市急救中心 2019年 4月~2021年 2月期间院前急救时现场治疗的快速性心律失常患者（n=108）按照随机数字表法分为对照组（n=54）和观察组（n=54）。对照组接受普罗帕酮治疗,观察组接受胺碘酮治疗,比较两组心功能、血压、心率（HR）、炎症因子指标、心肌损伤指标及不良反应发生率。结果：治疗结束后,观察组左心室射血分数（LVEF）、心输血量（CO）、二尖瓣舒张早期 /晚期峰值流速（E/A）均高于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗结束后,观察组收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）、HR均低于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗结束后,观察组肿瘤坏死因子 -α（TNF-α）和白介素 -6（IL-6）水平均低于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗结束后,观察组心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ（cTnI）、脑钠肽（BNP）、肌酸激酶同工酶（CK-MB）水平均低于对照组（P<0.05）。两组不良反应发生率组间对比无统计学差异（P>0.05）。结论：在快速性心律失常患者院前急救中,相比于普罗帕酮,胺碘酮可有效改善患者心功能,减少心肌损伤,恢复血压并改善 HR,减轻炎症反应。     

Would SYNTAX have been a positive trial if XIENCE V had been used instead of TAXUS?: A meta-analysis of a first-generation vs. a second-generation drug-eluting stent system

Treatment options for coronary revascularisation include percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). In the ‘synergy between PCI with TAXUS and cardiac surgery (SYNTAX)’ trial, PCI and CABG using state-of-the-art techniques (using paclitaxel-eluting stents and arterial grafts, respectively) were compared in the treatment of complex coronary artery disease. In Syntax, PCI was inferior to CABG at one year, entirely due to an increased repeat intervention rate. We hypothesised that the use of a superior drug-eluting stent system could reduce the need for repeat intervention. (Neth Heart J 2010;18:451-3.)     

人性化视角下医院急诊科“一站式服务”的实施与优化

为满足就诊患者及家属对高质量医疗服务的需求,提高急诊科室的医疗服务质量,减少医患冲突的发生,为急诊病人争取更多的抢救时间。针对当前急诊科存在的问题,设计并实施基于人性化角度的“一站式服务”方式与措施。“一站式服务”不仅提高医疗服务质量和效率,同时也简化了诊疗流程,增强了医务人员的服务意识,提高了患者的满意度。     

急性冠脉事件发病特点及院前急救对策

目的分析我院急诊科对急性冠脉事件包括急性心肌梗死（AMI）和不稳定型心绞痛（UAP）的院前急救情况,就其存在的问题提出对策。方法回顾性分析1989～2010年救治的急性冠脉事件患者166例临床资料,其中AMI患者72例,UAP患者94例。结果急性冠脉事件发生率占急性心脏事件的48．8％,其院前急救率为31．3％（52／166）,院前抢救成功率为82．69％（44／52）。结论（1）急性冠脉事件的院前急救率仍低,主要与患者及其家属不了解急性冠脉综合征的发病先兆和表现等相关知识以及呼救意识有关,因此加强相关知识的群众性普及教育迫在眉睫。（2）缩短出诊半径、加强医务人员对急诊处理特别是院前处理急性冠脉事件知识的培训、完善院前急救设备,是提高急性冠脉事件院前抢救成功率的保障。